Lesson 2

Chapter 3, Lesson 2

1. Key Terms to KnowA. Allah-means “god” in

ArabicB. Islam—name of the

religion; means “submission to Allah”

1. The word Islam derives from the Arabic word meaning “peace”

C. Muslim or Moslem-a term given to the followers of the religion of Islam

1.  means “submit to Allah”

D. Mosque—Muslim house of worship

1. it’s a Muslim version of a church or synagogue

A. Islam is a belief in one god. This makes Islam a

++monotheistic religion.B. Muslims call their god ++"Allah."C. Islam is based on the

life and teachings of ++Muhammad D. Muslims believe in

the prophets: ++Noah, Abraham,

Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad

E. Muslims believe that Muhammad was the

  final prophet F. Muslims believe that they

are the complete people of the ++Bible G. Muslims' holiest book is the

++Koran or Qu'ranH. Muslims believe that Jews

and Christians practice religions that are

++Partially correctI. Muslims believe that Jews and

Christians arePeople of the book

 

J.Muslims version of a priest or rabbi is called an

++Imam K.Muslims live their lives

based on the  ++Five Pillars of Islam 

L. It means internal struggle with temptation, but later will mean to go to war against nonbelievers.

++Jihad--It is commonly misused

by terrorists

The Five Pillars of Islam

Directions: Use your textbook, “Calliope

Magazine”, and/or the Islam Booklet to complete

the chart

Profession of Faith

•

Arabic Name: Shanada

Meaning: -Muslims profess

their acceptance of Muhammad as the final prophet.

 

Daily prayer

Arabic Name:–Salat

Meaning:

-Muslims must pray five times a day facing Mecca

Almsgiving

 Arabic Name:

Zakat

 

Meaning:

—giving aid to the poor  

Ritual Fast

Arabic Name:

Sawm

Meaning

—During the month of Ramadan Muslims fast from dawn to dusk

 

The PilgrimageArabic Meaning: Hajj

Meaning— Belief that every Muslim

must take a holy trip to Mecca at least once in this/her lifetime.

—Muslims are encouraged to do this, but if they can not afford to travel they are forgiven. |

What are your impressions of the Five Pillars of Islam?

Timeline-all dates are in the AD

570 birth

576 Mother dies and he becomes an orphan and he live w/ his grandfather

578 Abd al Muttalib, grandfather, dies and he moves in with his uncle, Abu Talib

578-582-raises goats/sheep

582-begins career as a caravan trader

590-595-meets,works, and marries Khadija

595-610-Years of Meditation

610-1st revelation form the angel Gabriel

613-2nd revelation from the angel Gabriel; Muhammad begins public ministry

613-616-only 40 members follow his teaching

615-622 Years of persecution

619-Uncle dies

620-Khadija dies

619-620-Years of Sorrow

621-Al Israa and

al-Miraajia

622-Hegira—The Flight from Mecca to Medina; this marks the beginning of Islam and Islamic Calendar

622-630—”Years of Conflict” with the Meccans

--The Islam spreads

630—M’s army conquers Mecca

-M destroys the idols in the Kaaba and rededicates it to Allah

The Life of Muhammad

632-M’ last Hajj

632—M dies

Page 8• Abudallah dies before M

was born• Aminah his Mother dies

when M was 6• Nicknames:

– AL Ameen—means trusted one

– Messenger of God

• Raised by his grandther Abd al Muttalib until he was 8

• At age 8 he was sent to live with Abu Talib and Fatima.– Who were his uncle and

aunt

• M marries Khadija in 595• Qasim-son• Abdullah • Zainab-daughter• Ruqayyah-daughter• Umm Kuthum-daughter

Wives after Khadija

• 620-sawdah (50)• 620 A’ishah (?) was he

good friend Abu Bakr’s daughter

• Mariah • It is believed that he

had a fourth wife but the name is questionable

M’s lifestyle at his death

• M died with little possessions.

• In fact, Muhammad had little possessions and many days he and his wives went hungry.

Holy Books of Islam

Origins of the Qu’ranAngel Gabriel

recited the chapters or surahs to

Muhammad over the course of 23 years

As Surahs were revealed to M, new surahs he told his

followers

In 633 Abu Bakr

Had the 114 chapters/surahs written down into a book

called the

Qu’ran

Muslims’ beliefs about the Qu’ran

The Qu’ran is the word sent directly from

The Qu’ran is only written and read in

The word Qu’ran means

What do faithful Muslims do with the Qu’ran

God

Arabic

Recite

They memorize and learn to recite it

SurahsArranged by

length

Titles come form

The subject they treat orIncorporate a uniquePhrase taken from

A passage

Longer surahs come

1st Deal with

Early historyOf Islam and Set forth lawsAnd principles

For good order of the community

Shorter surahs come

2 Deal with

Early history and basic beliefsOf Muslim faith

Hadith or

Are based on the reports

sayings actions&

Of Muhammad

Isnad Matn

is is

List of people who Handed down the

Hadith fromGeneration to generation

Is the main text that reportsWhat Muhammad did or

said

covers

Every aspect of Muslim life

Which are

Faith, religious practices, business transactions, food,Clothing, behavior, marriage, and much more

Muslims strive to make their lives like

Muhammad

Qu’ran HadithUsing

As their guides

These 2 books provide the basis of Islamic authority, called the

Sunnah

Abu Bakr

How was he tied to Muhammad

How did heBecomeCaliph

What causedHim to

Lose power

What did he do

OfSignificance?

Father-in-law

1st convert

Good friend

Elected by

Tribal leaders

Died of old age

Reunited

The peninsula

Umar

How was he tied to Muhammad

How did heBecomeCaliph

What causedHim to

Lose power

What did he do

OfSignificance?

Trusted friend Appointed by

Abu Bakr

Killed by

A Christian

slave

Expanded Islam

Uthman

How was he tied to Muhammad

How did heBecomeCaliph

What causedHim to

Lose power

What did he do

OfSignificance?

Trusted friend Elected by a

Tribal council

murdered Created a

Strong central gov’t

Ali

How was he tied to Muhammad

How did heBecomeCaliph

What causedHim to

Lose power

What did he do

OfSignificance?

Blood cousin

Son-in-law

Elected murdered None; created a division in Islam

Divisions in Islam

Shiites• Means party of ALI• Believed only members of Muhammad’s family could be

his successor• They do not recognize the first 3 caliph• Believed that Imams provide a spiritual link to Allah

Sunnis• Claim to follow the Sunnah• Do not believe in Imams • Believe that all Muslims have

a direct link to Allah

Largest group of Muslims:

Sunnis

632

Muhammad dies in

All of ArabiaAt the time of his death they occupied

Who replaced M as leader

Abu BakrCaliph

Is called the

During his reign he

-consolidated and unified the Muslim communities

Abu Bakr dies in

-634

He is replaced by

-Umar

He conquered the regions of

-Iraq, Iran, Egypt, and Syria

During their conquest they came across Jews and Christians. But they considered them to be

-people of the book

Because of this the Jews and Christians were given

-Protection and religious freedoms

Umar is murdered in 644 and is replaced by

-Uthman

Who continues the conquest to include

-the rest of the Persina Empire, North Africa and east Armenia

He dies in 656 and takes control

-Ali

Ali was killed during the

-Civil War in 661

He is replaced by

-Mu’awiyah

He is viewed as the Founder of the great civilization called the

-Umayyad Empire