lesson 2: common sensors and measurements systems
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Lesson 2: Common Sensors and Measurements Systems. If only it were this simple!. Healy. Brown. Knorr. Revelle. Atlantis. Thompson. Kilo Moana. Clifford A Barnes. Okeanos Explorer. Explorer of the Seas. Savannah. Sonic Anemometers. HEALY 2008. Main Mast. Forward Mast. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Lesson 2:Common Sensors and Measurements Systems
If only it were this simple!
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Healy
Knorr
Brown
Atlantis
Kilo Moana
Okeanos Explorer
Explorer of the Seas
Thompson
Revelle
Clifford A Barnes
Savannah
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Sonic Anemometers
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PSP and PIR radiometers Ultra Sonic & Prop-Vane (stbd)Prop-Vane (port) Ultra Sonic, T/RH/P
Main Mast
Forward Mast
HEALY 2008
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WXT, Prop-Vane,IMET
ICEALOT 2008
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• Wind Speed and Direction• Air temperature and humidity• Atmospheric pressure• Incoming short- and long-wave radiation• Rainfall• Sea surface temperature
• Ship’s heading• Ship’s course over ground (COG)• Ship’s speed over ground (SOG)• Time (UTC)
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Air temperature and humidity
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Humidity indirect measurement
Psychrometer(Wet/Dry Bulb)
Chilled Mirror(Dew point)
LICOR 7500 gas analyzer(Water vapor)
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Wind Speed and Direction
Cup/Vane
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Incoming short-wave and long-wave radiation
Direct/Diffuse Direct/Diffuse
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Incoming short-wave and long-wave radiation
SW LW
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Direct Diffuse
Rotating ShadowbandPyroheliometer
PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR)
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Rainfall(direct)
Hasse et al., 1998Siphon
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Rainfall(Indirect)
263 264 265 266 267 268 269
Year day 2001
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10
20
30
40
50
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70
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ativ
e w
ind
m/s
-40
0
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Rai
nfa
ll m
m
ORG#2Stbd2Port3Relative windORG#2corrStbd.2corrPort3corr
EPIC2001
Rain rateRain accumulation
DisdrometerOptical
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Rainfall measuring instruments used aboard ships and moorings
• Siphon rain-gauge+ Volumetric – direct calibration- Distorts wind flow- Funnel can clog with debris or guano- Misses catch when siphoning- Evaporation loss at low rain-rates- Affected by ship motion
• Optical rain-gauge (ORG)+ Open path, less wind distortion+ Sensitive to low rain-rates- Requires calibration- Uncertain directional response
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Atmospheric pressure
Quad-Disk Pressure Portminimizes dynamic pressure errors due to wind
Static Pressure Head
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Sea surface temperature
Sea Chest Hull
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Sea surface temperature(IR)
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Heading, SOG, COG
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Heading vs Relative wind
HEALY 2008
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Ship Motion
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TIMEReference (UTC)Synchronized (GPS)
between systems when necessary
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• Hosom, D. S., R. A. Weller, R. E. Payne and K. E. Prada. The IMET (improved meteorology) ship and buoy systems. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 12:527-540. June 1995
• Colbo, K., and R. A. Weller. The accuracy of the IMET sensor package. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 26:1867-1890. September 2009
• Bradley, E. F. and Fairall, C. W.: A guide to making climate quality meteorological and flux measurements at sea. NOAA Technical Memorandum OAR PSD-311. Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado. October 2006.
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Hands on with instruments and DASWe have the following instruments available (in addition to a Campbell Scientific logger, PC, etc)• R.M. Young wind monitor• Gill 2-D windsonic• Vaisala T/RH (HMP45 and HMP50)• Vaisala WXT (all in one weather station)• Pressure sensor
20-30 mins
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EndLesson 2