lesson 2 hardware

8/22/2019 Lesson 2 Hardware

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HARDWARE

refers to the physical and mechanicalcomponents of a computer system.

It consists of the devices like circuitboards, chips, monitors, disks, diskdrives, modems, keyboards andprinters. In other words, hardwarerefers to the individual parts of the

computers.


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HARDWARE


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Functions of Computer Hardware


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I. INPUTThe ability of the computer to

take commands and be fedwith information. Input

devises are needed to do thejob.



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EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES


keyboard

The keyboard is usually the primary input devicefor a PC, it is very simple to operate, and touch-

typing aside, most people can operate a keyboard

well enough.


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Light pen

Light pens are

electronic pointers thatallow users to modify

designs on-screen.

The hand-held pointer

contains sensors that

send signals to the

computer whenever

light is recorded.


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mouse

a pointing device that functions by

detecting two - dimensional motionrelative to its supporting surface.

Physically, a mouse consists of an object

held under one of the user's hands, with

one or more buttons.


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trackball

A trackball is basically an inverted

mouse; the user rotates the ball itself

while clicking nearby buttons.


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II. PROCESSDefined as the conversion of

data from one format toanother. Data, in this sense referto a collection of numberswhich the computerunderstands.



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II. PROCESS


The microprocessor is thebrain of the computer; itcontrols the flow of data

which is why themicroprocessor is also calledthe central processing unit(CPU). A computer is usually

defined by the power of itsmicroprocessor. The morepowerful the microprocessor,the greater the performance of

the computer.


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III. STORAGE

Refers to the ability of thecomputer to store memory andretain information. Computermemory is measured in bytes. A

byte is a series of 1s and 0s,grouped as a sequence eightdigits.



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Units of

Measurement

1 kilobyte (KB) 1000 bytes

1 Megabyte (MB) 1000 kilobytes

1 Gigabytes (GB) 1000 megabytes


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Read-only memory (ROM)

ROM, acronym for read-only memory. Incomputer science, semiconductor-based memorythat contains instructions or data that can be readbut not modified. To create a ROM chip, thedesigner supplies a semiconductor manufacturer

with the instructions or data to be stored; themanufacturer then produces one or more chipscontaining those instructions or data.

is permanent and long term. It is non-volatile,

which means that whatever is stored in the ROMdoes not disappear or changed even if thecomputer is shut down. It cannot be written over,so it is characterized by read-only


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Random-access memory (RAM)

is used only when the computer

is turned-on. It handles all datathat are actively used. RAM isneeded to run software

applications from the operatingsystems (OS).


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Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory(SDRAM)

Double Data Rate(DDR)


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EXAMPLES OF STORAGE DEVICES

A hard disk drive(often shortened as hard disk,

hard drive,or HDD) is a non-volatile storage device

that stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating

rigid platters with magnetic surfaces.


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in computer science, a round,flat piece of Mylar coated withferric oxide, a rust likesubstance containing tinyparticles capable of holding amagnetic field, and encasedin a protective plastic cover,the disk jacket. Data is stored

on a floppy disk by the diskdrive's read/write head, whichalters the magneticorientation of the particles.


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AUSB flash drive is a datastorage device thatincludes flash memory withan integrated UniversalSerial Bus (USB) interface.USB f lash drives aretypically removable and

rewritable, and physicallymuch smaller than a floppydisk.


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optical disc drive

In computing, an optical disc drive

(ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser

light or electromagnetic waves nearthe light spectrum as part of the

process of reading or writing data to

or from optical drive. Some drivescan only read from discs, but recent

drives are commonly both readers

and recorders


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25 to 50 GB (single-layer)

50 to 100 GB (dual-layer)

4.7 GB (single-sided, single-layer)

8.5 GB (single-sided, double-layer)

700 MB (up to 80 minutes audio)


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IV. OUTPUT

If we feed instructions to computers, thereare also ways for computers to communicate

to the outside world. Computers do thisthrough output devices. The most commonoutput devise is the monitor or screen.

Speakers and printers are also examples ofoutput devises. They tell us what thecomputer is doing with the instructions thatwe feed it.



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EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES


Printer- A printer is aperipheral which

produces a hard copy

(permanent human-readable text and/or

graphics) of documents

stored in electronic form,

usually on physical print

media such as paper or

transparencies.


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liquid crystal display(LCD)

monitor


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Speakers


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Identify the following computer

hardware:

1

2


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hardware:

43


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hardware:

65


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hardware:

7

8


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Identify the following computer hardware:

9

10


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Answers:1. Optical Drive / CD/DVD Rom

2. Hard Disk

3. CPU

4. Printer

5. Speaker

6. Monitor

7. Keyboard

8. Memory card9. Mouse

10. Track ball


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Each computer hardwarecomponent has its own

specific function but can onlywork when they are properlyassembled to complete a

whole system . It is important

to get a good group of aworking computer.

Things to ponder:

l


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Evaluation:Classify the following whether it is an Input, Output,

Process, Storage devices:1. Mouse

2. Keyboard

3. monitor

4. Memory cards

5. Hard disks

6. Flash drives

7. Microprocessor8. Printers

9. Floppy disk

10. Speakers


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1. Input

2. Input

3. Output

4. Storage

5. Storage

6. Storage

7. Process8. Output

9. Storage

10. Output

Answers:


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Assignment

1. Research for the properinstallation and assembly of acomputer system.

References:

Any computer related books and the internet.

lesson 2 hardware

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