Lesson 2: Rights and Responsibilitiesin a Democracy

Canada’s Democracy• Since it is not practical for all Canadians to have a say on

every matter, we vote for representatives to make decisions and pass laws on our behalf. This is called a representative democracy.

• Elections are the process by which our elected representatives are chosen.

• In Canada, all citizens have guaranteed rights and freedoms.

What is a ‘right’?• A right is a freedom that is protected.• Rights are not usually just provided, they are usually fought

for and claimed.• Examples: the right to express yourself, freedom of religion

Rights and Freedoms in Canada• In Canada, citizens’ rights and freedoms are protected by the

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.• The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a part of the

Constitution Act, 1982 that was signed by Queen Elizabeth II.

Seven Sections of the CharterThe Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms contains seven sections that define our rights as Canadians:

• Fundamental freedoms• Democratic rights• Mobility rights• Legal rights• Equality rights• Official languages of Canada• Minority language education rights

Fundamental Freedoms• freedom of religion• freedom of thought• freedom of expression • freedom of the press• freedom of peaceful assembly• freedom of association

Democratic Rights• Democratic rights include the right for every

Canadian citizen, 18 years and older, to vote in an election and to be a candidate in an election.

• It also includes the requirement that governments hold elections at least every five years.

The Right to Vote• The right to vote has not always been available to everyone. It

has been fought for by various groups throughout our history. • Initially, only men who owned property could vote.• After much campaigning and debate, women received the

right to vote provincially in 1917 and federally in 1918.• The last of the limits for

various ethnic groups were finally removed by 1960.

What is a ‘responsibility’?• A responsibility is a duty or obligation.• Example: your right to an education comes with the

responsibility to show up to school on time and be prepared.

Responsibilities in a Democracy• It is the responsibility of all Canadians to respect and follow

the rules set out by the Constitution.• The right to vote comes with the responsibility to vote and to

make an informed decision.

Final Thoughts• How important is it that individuals are responsible

members of society?

• Will you vote when you turn 18?

• Should voters lose their right to vote if they choose to skip an election?