lesson 2 what are chromosomes?. “mary has her mother’s eyes.” “tom is built just like his...

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Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?

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Page 1: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

Lesson 2

What are chromosomes?

Page 2: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

“Mary has her mother’s eyes.”

“Tom is built just like his father.”We often hear statements like these.

All people resemble their parents in some ways.

Page 3: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

All children have similar traits to their parents, and it is no accident.

Many traits are passes on from parents to offspring. We say they are inherited.How are they inherited? The answer if found in the cell nucleus.

Page 4: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

The nucleus has tiny bodies called chromosomes. Most are rod shaped.

Page 5: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

In body cells, chromosomes are found in pairs. Body cells are all the cells except sperm and egg cells.

Page 6: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

Each kind of organism has a specific number of chromosomes.

For example:

Every body cell of a fruit fly has 8 chromosomes. (4 pairs)

Page 7: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

A human has 46 (23 pairs) of chromosomes.

A garden pea has 14 (7 pairs)

Page 8: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

Along each chromosome there are many dark bands. Each band is a small part of a chromosome called a gene.There are many, many genes at least one million in every nucleus.

Page 9: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

Genes determine the traits of an organism.

There are genes for height, genes for nose shape and size, genes for the color of hair, skin, and eyes.

In fact, there are genes for most traits any individual has.

Page 10: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

Some genes even affect traits like voice, intelligence, and behavior. Genes also control the life processes of your cells.In both asexual and sexual reproduction, chromosomes (and genes) are passed from parents to offspring.

Page 11: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

During asexual reproduction, each daughter cell is an exact copy of the parent.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/on-line/lifecycle/images/1-2-3-1-1-1-0-0-0-0-0.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/on-line/lifecycle/45.asp&usg=__5Fu8-IAZ40chxkxwenUEZbgYeE8=&h=304&w=360&sz=41&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=HqMUgaknCgKoBM:&tbnh=102&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhuman%2Begg%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

Page 12: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

Some organisms and the body cells of all organisms reproduce asexually.

Page 13: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

During sexual reproduction, an offspring receives chromosomes from each parent cell. The chromosomes in gametes, or sex cells, are not paired. A sperm or an egg has only half the number of chromosomes as a body cell.

Page 14: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

When fertilization takes place, the sperm cell and the egg cell unite. Together, their chromosomes add up to the full number of chromosomes found in body cells.

Page 15: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

23 chromosomes

23 chromosomes

equals

46 chromosomes

Page 16: Lesson 2 What are chromosomes?. “Mary has her mother’s eyes.” “Tom is built just like his father.” We often hear statements like these. All people resemble

The fertilized egg, or zygote has chromosomes from both parents. It also has traits from both parents.

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