Lesson 26~27

Earthquakes

Zhundong No.1 Middle School Fukang Xijiang Li Ming

1. Understanding the destructiveness of the earthquakes.

2. Knowing how to use the words and phrases.

3. Finding out the specialities of the attributive clause.

4. Being able to finish the exercises.

The aims and points of these two lessons

a large number of ; cut off ;

stay up ; scientist ; plate ;

Pacific ; point ; movement ;

line ; gap ; bookstore

The new words and expressions

San Francisco

At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th,1906, the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake. A great part of the city was destroyed and a large number of buildings were burnt. The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000. About 700 people died in the earthquake and the fires.

Paragraph 1

the number of … ～ …的数量。作主语时谓语用单数。

a (large) number of … ～ 许多…。作主语时谓语用复数。

as many as … ～ 和…一样多 / 多达… /… 之多。常用于人 / 物的具体数量前。

as much as … ～ 表总量 / 单位量的大小。常用在雨量 / 水量 / 时间量钱数/ 价

格等方面。 eg: There are as many as 75 students in our class.

The workers have built as many as 200 buildings here.

His father earns as much as 1000 dollars in a week in the USA.

It rains as much as 95 inches in Guangdong province each year.

eg ： The number of the students in our class is thirty-five.

A large number of the students plant trees every year.

The ground had broken open for more than 270 miles along a great fault — the rift. The greatest displacement had been 21 feet about 30 miles northwest of San Francisco.

EARTHQUAKE AND FIRE

Area destroyed by fire of April 18-21, 1906

Another earthquake shook San Francisco on October 17th, 1989. It was America’s second strongest earthquake and about 100 people were killed. It happened in the evening as people were travelling home. A wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below. Many people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky ones were not hurt.

Paragraph 2 ～ 3

Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the centre of town but about 50 kilometres away. In one part of the town a great many buildings were destroyed. These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough. There were a lot of fires all over the city. The electricity was cut off for several days too.

It was America’s second strongest earthquake.注意：一般情况下在序数词和形容词 / 副词的最高级前要加定冠词 the ，

但当序数词和最高级前出现物主代词时不再需要定冠词。

eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

The Yellow River is China’s second longest river.

Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the centre of town but about 50 kilometres away.not…but… = not that…but that… — 不是…而是…eg: He is not a poet but a writer.

Not that I dislike the work but that I have no time.

Paragraph 4 Why do earthquakes happen ? Scientists explained that the outside of the earth is made of a number of different plates. At San Francisco the Pacific plate which is moving towards the northwest meets the North American plate. The Pacific plate is moving very slowly —— at 5.3 centimetres a year. Sometimes these two plates stop and do not move for years. Then suddenly, they jump and an earthquake is left. As a result of the the movement of these plates, west America near the sea has always been a bad place for earthquakes. When the 1906 earthquake happened, the Pacific plate jumped 5-6 metres to the north.

move at 5.3 centimetres a yearrun/move/go/walk/travel…at (the speed/rate of)…an hour —— 以每小时…速度…

eg: Now the fastest train in our country can run at the speed/rate of 200 kilometres an hour. The car ran at 80 kilometres per hour at that time.As a result of the the movement of these plates

as a result — 结果as a result of … — 由于…原因 / 结果

eg: It rained heavily yesterday, as a result, they didn’t finish the task. As a result of the heavy rain, they didn’t finish the task.

•San Francisco

Pacific plateAmerican plate

Eurasian plate

India plate

African plate

Antarctic plate

Paragraph 4

•Pacific plate

North

South

West East

American plate

Earthquake Happens

Paragraph 5 We cannot stop earthquakes, but we can do things to make sure they do not destroy whole cities. First, it is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth’s plates join together. Second, if you think there may be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rock not on sand. Third, you must make the houses as strong as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.

We can do things to make sure they do not destroy whole cities. do things to do sth. — 采取措施干某事

eg: We must try our best to do things to stop the pollution. Can you do things to finish the work as soon as possible?

It is not a good idea to build houses along the lines.It is better to build houses on rock not on sand.

It is (a/an) + n. to do sth. — 干某事是…It is adj./comparative (superlative) degree to do sth. — 干某事是…

eg: It is a good job to be a doctor in that hospital. It is our duty to study harder for us students. It is good to see you here. It is the most exciting to see our football team win the game.

Paragraph 6 Scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the area around San Francisco. They call it “The Big One”. However, people today are still building more houses. The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906.This means that if there is another big earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.

Scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the area be afraid to do sth. — 害怕干某事

be afraid of sth./doing sth. — 害怕某事 / 干某事（不能控制的事）be afraid that clause. — 害怕 / 恐怕 + 从句eg: She was afraid to go out alone at such night. He was very afraid of breaking the test tube. Girls are always afraid of dogs. I’m afraid that it is going to rain tomorrow.

San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906

1. A be/do … times + adj./adv.CD + than B2. A be/do … times + as + adj./adv. + as B3. A be … times + the size/height/length … of B

表示 A 比B 大 … 倍的三 种句 型eg: Line A is four times longer than Line B. This room is twice as big as that one. The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. We shall produce ten times as much grain as we did in 1980.

Date UTC Location Latitude Longitude Deaths M Comments

1908 Dec 28 Italy, Messina 38 N 15.5 E 70,000 to100,000 7.5

Deaths from earthquake and

tsunami.

1920 Dec 16 China, Gansu 35.8 N 105.7 E 200,000 8.6 Major fractures, landslides.

1923 Sep 1 Japan, Kwanto Tokyo-Yokohama

35.0 N 139.5 E 143,000 8.3 Great Tokyo fire.

1950 Aug 15 India, Assam, Tibet 28.7 N 96.6 E 1,530 8.7

Great topographical changes, landslides,

floods.

1960 May 22 Chile 39.5 S 74.5 W 4,000 to 5,000 9.5* Tsunami, volcanic activity, floods.

1976 Jul 27 China, Tangshan 39.6 N 118.0 E 255,000 (official) 8.0 Estimated death toll as high as 655,000.

1985 Sep 19 Mexico, Michoacan 18.2 N 102.5 W 9,500 (official) 8.1 Estimated death toll as high as 30,000.

1992 Dec 12

Flores Region, Indonesia 8.5 S 121.9 E 2,500 7.5

Tsunami ran inland 300 meters; wave height 25 meters.

1999 Sep 20 Taiwan 23.7 N 121.0 E 2,297 7.6

Over 8,700 injured, over 600,000

homeless. Damage estimate at 14 billion

USD.

The Greatest Earthquakes of last century

Questions 1. How many people died in the earthquake of San Francisco in 1906 ?

2. What were people doing when the earthquake happened in 1989 ?

3. What houses were destroyed in the earthquake in 1989 ?

4. What’s the reason of the earthquakes ?

5. What can we do in face of the earthquakes ?

6. What are the scientists afraid ?

— About 700 people died .

— People were travelling home.

— The buildings over 50 years old were destroyed.

— The movement of the plates is the reason of the earthquakes.

— (1). Don’t build houses along the lines where two of the earth’s plates join together. (2). Build houses on rock not on sand. (3). Make the houses as strong as possible.

— They are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit San Francisco.

the number of … ～ …的数量。作主语时谓语用单数。a (large) number of … ～ 许多…。作主语时谓语用复数。

Sum Up1.

as many as … ～ 和…一样多 / 多达… /… 之多。常用于人 / 物的具体数量前。as much as … ～ 表总量 / 单位量的大小。常用在雨量 / 水量 / 时间量钱数 / 价格等方面。

2.

一般情况下在序数词和形容词 / 副词的最高级前要加定冠词 the ，但当数词和最高级前出现物主代词时不再需要定冠词。

3.

not…but… = not that…but that… — 不是…而是…4.

run/move/go/walk/travel…at (the speed/rate of)…an hour —— 以每小时…速度…

5.

as a result — 结果as a result of … — 由于…原因 / 结果

6.

do things to do sth. — 采取措施干某事7.

It is (a/an) + n. to do sth. — 干某事是…It is adj./comparative (superlative) degree to do sth. — 干某事是…

8.

be afraid to do sth. — 害怕干某事be afraid of sth./doing sth. — 害怕某事 / 干某事（不能控制的事）be afraid that clause. — 害怕 / 恐怕 + 从句

9.

1. A be/do … times + adj./adv.CD + than B2. A be/do … times + as + adj./adv. + as B

3. A be … times + the size/height/length … of B

表示 A 比B 大 … 倍的三 种句 型

10.

Thank you !