lesson 3 reading guide - kc
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Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition. How are weathering and soil formation related? How do weathering, erosion, and deposition change Earth ’ s surface? How are erosion and deposition related?. Lesson 3 Reading Guide - KC. Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition. weathering erosion - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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• How are weathering and soil formation related?
• How do weathering, erosion, and deposition change Earth’s surface?
• How are erosion and deposition related?
Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
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• weathering• erosion• physical weathering• chemical weathering
Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
• soil• sediment• deposition
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• Weathering refers to the processes that break down rocks, changing Earth’s surface over time.
• Erosion is the moving of weathered material, or sediment, from one location to another.
Weathering
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Slowly but surely, weathering and erosion wear down mountains.
Weathering (cont.)
Photo by Tim McCabe, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Dr. Parvinder Sethi
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• The process of breaking rock into small pieces without changing the composition of the rock is physical weathering.
• Frost wedging is what occurs when water in rocks freezes and melts repeatedly, breaking the rocks apart.
Weathering (cont.)
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The roots of plants can grow into cracks in rock and eventually break the rock.
Weathering (cont.)
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• The process of changing the composition of rock and minerals by exposure to water and the atmosphere is called chemical weathering.
• Gases in the atmosphere can cause chemical weathering.
Weathering (cont.)
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• Physical weathering exposes more surface area of rocks, allowing more water and atmospheric gases to enter rocks.
• Chemical weathering weakens rocks by changing the composition of some minerals and dissolving others.
Weathering (cont.)
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• Soil consists of weathered rock, mineral material, water, air, and organic matter from the remains of organisms.
• Soil forms directly on top of the rock layers from which it is made and is the result of hundreds to thousands of years of weathering.
Weathering (cont.)
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Soil formation begins when physical and chemical weathering break down rocks.
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Soil formation begins when physical and chemical weathering break down rocks.
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• Warm, wet climates produce soil fastest. • Large amounts of rain can speed
weathering of rocks, and chemical reactions are faster in warmer temperatures.
Weathering (cont.)
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• The minerals and small pieces of rock produced by weathering are called sediment.
• Moving water causes erosion by picking up rock pieces and sediment, which scrape along the ground picking up more material.
Erosion
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• Large masses of ice, called glaciers, cause erosion by flowing down a mountain and removing rock and sediment.
• Erosion by glaciers makes deep valleys and steep peaks.
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• Strong winds also can erode and move sediment.
• Soil and rock that are not protected by plants can be eroded by wind.
U.S. Department of Agriculture
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• Deposition is the process of laying down eroded material in a new location.
• If the speed of flowing water decreases, the water can no longer carry sediment and the sediment settles at the bottom of the water.
• Floodplains form when sediment settles out of rivers that flood the areas next to them.
Deposition
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• When glaciers melt, the water produced by the melting ice does not flow fast enough to carry sediment.
• Glacial deposits of sediment are called moraines.
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• Wind also can deposit sediment. • Sand dunes are landforms made as wind
continually moves and deposits sand grains.
Tim McCabe/NRCS
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• The locations where sediment accumulates are called sedimentary basins.
• Sediment continues to be deposited in low areas and then forced upward as tectonic activity forms mountains.
Deposition (cont.)
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• Physical and chemical weathering work together and change Earth’s surface. They break down rock and form sediment.
• Erosion occurs when sediment is removed and transported from where it formed.
• Deposition occurs when sediment is laid down in new locations.
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Which process breaks rock into small pieces without changing the composition of the rock?
A. depositionB. erosion C. chemical weathering D. physical weathering
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A. glaciersB. sand dunes C. sediment D. soil
Which are the minerals and small pieces of rock produced by weathering?
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A. soilB. glacier C. sand dune D. sedimentary basin
Which location accumulates sediment?
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5. Rocks cannot change.6. Sediment can be transported by water,
wind, and ice.
Do you agree or disagree?