lesson 3 - secondary research 1
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Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Lesson 3RESEARCHMETHODS 1
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Presentation 1: Research Focus
•For Week 3:
Prepare a 5-6 minute presentation
briefly explaining the topic, your
focus and the research question.
Explain and give examples to help the
audience understand.
Detail your sources.
Design PowerPoint slides.
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
1. Set a schedule
2. Find a researchable topic & question
3. Develop a research strategy
4. Find sources
5. Make a working bibliography
6. Evaluate and synthesize sources
7. Mine and interact with sources
8. Take steps to avoid plagiarism
9. Create a structure
10.Draft the paper
11.Revise & edit
12.Cite & Reference
13.Proofread
14.Submit
1. Set a schedule
2. Find a researchable topic & question
3. Develop a research strategy
4. Find sources
5. Make a working bibliography
6. Evaluate and synthesize sources
7. Mine and interact with sources
8. Take steps to avoid plagiarism
9. Create a structure
10.Draft the paper
11.Revise & edit
12.Cite & Reference
13.Proofread
14.Submit
Research
Process
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Students will …
1. recognize primary and secondary
approaches to research
2. identify appropriate primary and secondary
research sources
3. categorize methods for primary and
secondary research
4. identify quantitative and qualitative
approaches to primary research
5.evaluate secondary research sources
6. explore secondary sources online
Learning Outcomes
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
The searching for and
gathering of information
and ideas in response to a
specific question
research
The set of methods used to address a particular research problem
methodology
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Research data that has been previously collected, analysed and published in the form of books, articles, etc.
Original research to collect new raw data for a specific reason. This data is then analysed and may be published by the researcher.
Research ApproachResearch
Source
Research Method
SocietyGroups
Individuals
PollSurvey
Focus Group
Interview
LibraryWeb
Databases
Primary
Secondary Literature review
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Involves collecting and measuring data
Often requires large data sets. For example, large numbers of people.
Uses mathematical methods to analyse data
Aims to achieve objective/scientific view of the subject
QuantitativeInvolves understanding human behaviour and the reasons behind it
Focus is on individuals and small groups
Objectivity is not the goal, the aim is to understand one point of view, not all points of view
QualitativePrimary
Approaches
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Quantitative QualitativePrimary
Approaches
PollSurveyFocus GroupInterview
Poll
Survey
Survey
Focus Group
Interview
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
New Coke Disaster
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Photo Ethnography Study
Literature Review
Questionnaire
Literature Review
InterviewSurveyThe combination of
methods in the
study of the same
topic
Triangulation
(Visocky & Visocky, 2009)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
A comprehensive
investigation of material
such as books and articles
relating to the research
topic.
Literature review
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Evaluating
SecondarySources
Use the C.R.A.P. test:1. Currency2. Reliability3. Authority4. Purpose
(CRAP Test 2008)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Evaluating
SecondarySources
* Currency -
How recent is the information?
Are there more recent updates available?
Is it current enough for your topic?
(CRAP Test 2008)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Evaluating
SecondarySources
* Reliability -
Is content of the resource primarily
opinion?Is it balanced and evidenced?
Does the creator provide references or
sources for data or quotations?(CRAP Test 2008)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Evaluating
SecondarySources
*Authority -Who is the creator or author?
What are his/her credentials?
Is he/she an expert?
Who is the published or sponsor?
Are they reputable?
(CRAP Test 2008)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Evaluating
SecondarySources
* Purpose/Point of View -
Is it promotional or educational
material?Are there advertisements on the
website?Is this fact or opinion?
Who is the intended audience? (CRAP Test 2008)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Evaluate
Wikipedia as a
research source.
Think about …
•Currency?•Reliability?
•Authority?•Purpose?
Should you use it?
Why/Why not?
Internet
Sources
Only use
Wikipedia … •… for initial
research•…for background•…as a stepping
stoneDO NOT use it …•… as a source in an
assignment•… as your only
source on a topic•… because you’re
lazy
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Internet
Sources
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Internet
Sources
• Always be wary of any one single source (in any medium — web, print, television or radio), or of multiple works that derive from a single source.
• Where articles have references to external sources (whether online or not) read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says.
• In most academic institutions, major references to Wikipedia, along with most encyclopedias, are unacceptable for a research paper.
(Wikipedia, 2011)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Internet
Sources
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Internet
Sources
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
What have you learned?
1. There are 2 approaches to all research:
primary and secondary
2. These approaches are differentiated by the
sources of data used
3. The methods used in primary research
depend upon the data desired
4.Quantitative methods provide general,
objective, often statistical data
5.Qualitative methods provide individual,
subjective data
6. Secondary data must be carefully evaluated
7. The Internet can be a rich source of
secondary data if exploited wisely
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
REFERENCES
Collins, H 2010, Creative Research, AVA, London.
CRAP Test 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2011 from
http://loex2008collaborate.pbworks.com/w/page/18686701/The-CRAP-Test
Summers, J & Smith, B 2003, Communication skills handbook: how to
succeed in written and oral communication, 5th edn, John Wiley & Sons,
Australia.
Visocky O’Grady, K & Visocky O’Grady, J 2009, A Designer’s Research
Manual, Rockport, USA.
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Exercise – Fashion Marketing / Fashion Design
Prepare a Research Report on Fashion Trends.Key Question:Only fashion giants can dictate trends.
In groups:Part 1: Conduct secondary research (Lesson 3 - 4)- Lesson 3: Mindmap of ideas, preliminary internet searches- Lesson 4: Evaluate research sources, prepare written
portion of research report
Part 2: Conduct primary research (Lesson 5 - 6)
Part 3: Submit a short report on your findings (Lesson 9)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Exercise – Part 1
Prepare a Research Report
In groups:Part 1: Lesson 3: Create a preliminary mindmap – WH questionsDivide the work – who will look at each type of source?Conduct preliminary research – each member of the group
looking at different sources
Lesson 4: Conduct research – each member of the group looking at
different sourcesPrepare the Literature Review (summary of secondary
research)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Exercise – VC, IMD, Game Design
Prepare a Research Report Key Question:The idea of sexiness is the best way to market a product.
In groups:Part 1: Conduct secondary research (Lesson 3 - 4)- Lesson 3: Mindmap of ideas, preliminary internet searches- Lesson 4: Evaluate research sources, prepare written
portion of research report
Part 2: Conduct primary research (Lesson 5 - 6)
Part 3: Submit a short report on your findings (Lesson 9)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Exercise – Part 1
Prepare a Research Report
In groups:Part 1: Lesson 3: Create a preliminary mindmap – WH questionsDivide the work – who will look at each type of source?Conduct preliminary research – each member of the group
looking at different sources
Lesson 4: Conduct research – each member of the group looking at
different sourcesPrepare the Literature Review (summary of secondary
research)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Exercise – Interior Design
Prepare a Research Report Key Question:An evaluation of Moshe Safdie’s design of the Marina Bay
Sands.
In groups:Part 1: Conduct secondary research (Lesson 3 - 4)- Lesson 3: Mindmap of ideas, preliminary internet searches- Lesson 4: Evaluate research sources, prepare written
portion of research report
Part 2: Conduct primary research (Lesson 5 - 6)
Part 3: Submit a short report on your findings (Lesson 9)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Exercise – Part 1
Prepare a Research Report
In groups:Part 1: Lesson 3: Create a preliminary mindmap – WH questionsDivide the work – who will look at each type of source?Conduct preliminary research – each member of the group
looking at different sources
Lesson 4: Conduct research – each member of the group looking at
different sourcesPrepare the Literature Review (summary of secondary
research)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Project Step 2:Presentation 2: Research Client
• For Lesson 5:
• Prepare a 5-6 minute presentation briefly
explaining your client.
• Clients may be commercial (e.g. IKEA),
governmental (e.g. NEA) or non-governmental
organisations (e.g. Greenpeace).
• Explain how the focus relates to the client and
how the research will help the client.
• Explain and give examples to help the audience
understand.
• Detail your sources.
• Design PowerPoint slides.
next steps