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Lesson 33Part A and B Kristin Rivas, Chris Manners, Isai Argueta, Ian Kytlica

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Lesson 33Part A and B

Kristin Rivas, Chris Manners, Isai Argueta, Ian Kytlica

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Name That President!

Identify the president, key policies of his administration relevant to the motto, and the motto's importance to the

themes of history during that time.

PART A

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1. Square DealTheodore Roosevelt. This program was formed

through three basic ideas: the idea to conserve natural resources, regulate corporations and businesses, and to protect consumers. It was directed towards helping the middle class and worked to break up bad trusts. While doing this, it also protected businesses from unreasonable demands of organized labor.

Name That President!

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2. Dollar DiplomacyWilliam Taft. This program emphasized the use of

money to solve the nation’s problems. Taft wanted to guarantee loans to foreign nations in order to help the U.S. in the long run; more specifically in Latin America and East Asia. The theme during this time was money. The economy was booming and there was a surplus of money in the federal department.

Name That President!

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3. Modern Republicanism:Dwight D. Eisenhower. The concept of Modern Republicanism is

being somewhat liberal in Fiscal and Domestic affairs, while remaining conservative in global affairs. Modern Republicanism calls for lower taxes, smaller government and more state power in issues. He cut the federal budget and instituted measures to increase states' rights but at the same time increased Social Security and raised the minimum wage. He also created the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, which he placed under the guidance of Oveta Culp Hobby of Texas. Eisenhower signed legislation that created the Interstate Highway System, laying the basis for the modern interstate system used today. Many of the existing New Deal programs established by his predecessors remained during Eisenhower’s tenure, and the primary focus of his presidency dealt with diffusing the mounting tension of the early Cold War.

Name That President!

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4. New Freedom:Woodrow Wilson. This was a plan to be able to break

up trusts into smaller companies, in which he hoped to restore the competition that had once existed in the American economy. He wanted to reduce the Tariff (Payne-Aldrich Tariff 1909) put in effect by the Republicans. He did so with the Underwood Tariff of 1913 and he created many farmer and healthcare programs that benefitted the two.

Name That President!

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5. New Deal:Franklin D. Roosevelt. The New Deal was a series of economic

programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936. They involved presidential executive orders or laws passed by Congress during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The programs were in response to the Great Depression, and focused on the "3 R’s": Relief, Recovery, and Reform. The top ten programs created through the new deal were the Civilian Conservation Corps, Civil Works Administration, Federal Housing Administration, Federal Security Agency, Home Owner's Loan Corporation, National Recovery Act, Public Works Administration, Social Security Act, Tennessee Valley Authority, and the Works Progress Administration.

Name That President!

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6. Manifest DestinyJames K. Polk. During Polk’s presidency, he was in power during

a time when European nations continued to interfere with American settlements. His policies consisted of the Fiscal Policy and Foreign Policy. Polk’s Fiscal Policy was created in order to reduce the Tariff of 1842, which raised average tariff rates. His Foreign Policy was created in order to allow America to grow, which involved Manifest Destiny. During his presidency he fought for the annexation of Oregon and Texas, which led to the Mexican-American War. It is because of James Polk that American pursued Manifest Destiny without the interference of European nations, and allowed America to keep growing.

Name That President!

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7. Rugged IndividualismHerbert Hoover. Hoover’s presidency took place during a horrible

recession, otherwise known as the Great Depression, within America. Rugged Individualism pertains to Hoover because he believed that individuals could succeed without financial support from the government. Hoover’s policies were volunteerism which encouraged public-private cooperation, and he worked to expand civil service. Many of his programs, although they were intended to help, harmed many Americans that prevented them from coming out of the rut of poverty. Many people began living in slums that they called Hoovervilles because they believe Hoover was the cause for the depression. The motto’s importance is that during this time many people were left alone, forced to help themselves without the help of the government.

Name That President!

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8. Great Society:Lyndon B. Johnson. The two main goals of President

Johnson’s administration was to eliminate racial injustice and to eliminate poverty. Programs attempting to fix problems of poverty, medical care, education, urban problems, and transportation were launched during this period. Some of the most significant were the creations of medicare and medicaid. This was important because it conveyed that America should be focusing more on its internal problems rather than the problems oversea in Vietnam.

Name That President!

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9. Fair Deal:Harry S. Truman. The major initiatives of the Truman

administration were to aid education, and universal health insurance, Fair employment act commision, and repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act. He was important in the Civil Rights movement because during the time of the Fair Deal. Truman made the Housing Act which housed many of the poor in public housing. Although the fair deal was not a success it was important because it showed that there were Americans who wanted to help people find economic stability but he couldn’t do anything because he was met with opposition from conservative legislatures.

Name That President!

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10. New Frontier:John F. Kennedy. Key policies of this administration included the

expansion of unemployment benefits, the continued construction of a national highway system, anti-poverty legislations were passed, improvements in Social Security, conservation of crops, and arms control. John F. Kennedy challenged Americans to see what they can do for their country and America took this serious as they put the first two Americans to orbit the earth. President Kennedy was able to leave a foundation for Americans especially with the Peace Corps and the Alliance for progress. After his death, Lyndon B. Johnson continued President Kennedy’s work and was able to pass many of his programs.

Name That President!

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Who Said It?!

Identify the source of the quotation, when in what context it was used,

and its larger significance in illuminating a theme of American

history.

PART B

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Who Said It?!Question:1. "A house divided against

itself cannot stand."

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Who Said It?!Answer:1. Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln gave the House Divided

Speech on June 17, 1858 upon accepting the Illinois Republican Party’s nomination as the state’s United States senator. It was the speech that launched his unsuccessful campaign for the Senate seat held by Stephen A. Douglas, who argued that the issue of slavery could be fixed with popular sovereignty, while Lincoln argued that after the Dred Scott case the country was at the point where it would either become all-free or all-slave.

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Who Said It?!Question:2. "The power to tax involved

the power to destroy."

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Who Said It?!Answer:2. Chief Justice John Marshall. Chief Justice Marshall gave

this quote in the 1819 Supreme Court ruling of McCulloch v. Maryland where he was saying that the states had no power to tax the federal government. It illuminated a theme of American history that gave Congress power over the states in making laws, and when it comes to taxation.

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Who Said It?!Question:3. "It is at the bottom of life

we must begin, not at the top."

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Who Said It?!Answer:3. Booker T. Washington. Booker T Washington was

delivering the Atlanta Cotton States Speech and International Exposition on September 18, 1895. This is significant because he stated that it is important for black people to accept segregation and the routine denial to vote. This brought much controversy especially from figures such as W.E.B. De Buis who stated that he was leading the black people backwards.

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Who Said It?!Question:4. "Separate educational

facilities are inherently unequal."

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Who Said It?!Answer:4. Chief Justice Earl Warren. Chief Justice Earl Warren

gave this statement in the Brown v. Board of Education on May 17, 1954. This was significant because it overturned the decision made in the Plessy v. Ferguson case, which allowed for states to sponsor segregation in schools. This took away segregation from schools as the schools were clearly not equal.

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Who Said It?!Question:5. "We hold these truths to be

self-evident: that all men are created equal."

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Who Said It?!Answer5. The Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson.

On July 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independence was approved by the 13 states of the United States of America while at war for their Independence against Great Britain. This was significant because for the first time America viewed itself as individual states separated from Great Britain and laid down the foundation of America being independent and free from that point forward.

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Who Said It?!Question:6. "A war to end all wars."

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Who Said It?!Answer:6. Woodrow Wilson. Woodrow Wilson said this during

World War I in 1917. This was significant because after the war Wilson was very idealistic and tried to prevent for anything like the Great War from happening again. After saying this he came up with his Fourteen points, the United States’ plans after the end of the war to “ensure world peace.”

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Who Said It?!Question:7. "All we ask is to be left

alone."

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Who Said It?!Answer:7. Jefferson Davis. After Abraham Lincoln was elected

President of the United States, 7 southern states seceded from America and elected Jefferson Davis as their President in February 1861. This was the first visible sign of the split that America went through and this was extremely significant because it eventually led to one of the most important wars in United States history, The Civil War.

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Who Said It?!Question: 8. "December 7, 1941- a date

that will live in infamy."

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Who Said It?!Answer:8. Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The day after the American

Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, was attacked by Japanese forces, Franklin D. Roosevelt told the American people about the attack. This was extremely significant because it brought the country together when the decision was made to enter WWII. It also helped President Roosevelt persuade Congress into declaring war.

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Who Said It?!Question:9. "I have a dream that my four children

will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character."

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Who Said It?!Answer:9. Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I

have a Dream Speech" on August 28, 1963. This was significant because he delivered it at the Lincoln Memorial in front of over 250,000 people and was a defining moment in the Civil Rights movement, which called for an end to racism in the United States of America.

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Who Said It?!Question:10. "A law repugnant to the

Constitution is void."

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Who Said It?!Answer:10. Chief Justice John Marshall. Chief Justice John

Marshall gave this quote in the closing statement of the 1803 court ruling of Marbury v. Madison. With these words, he established the Supreme Court’s role in the new government. Hereafter, the court was recognized as having the power to review all acts of congress where constitutionality was at issue, and judge whether they abide by the constitution.

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Who Said It?!Question:11. "To make all laws which shall be

necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers."

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Who Said It?!Answer:11. Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18 of the Constitution. This was

written to give the power to congress to make and review all laws which are to be passed by the government and all powers related to it. This was a very controversial issue at first, but by the creation of this, Congress was able to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers and the ability to set criterion for laws, even if they are not included in the guidelines of the proposal. This created a balance of powers and is still used today in many laws being passed. (EX. Chartering of the Bank of the United States)

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Who Said It?!Question:12. "We....covenant and

combine ourselves into a civil body politic."

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Who Said It?!Answer:12. 1620 Mayflower Compact. This was a mutual

agreement between two or more people to do or refrain from doing certain acts as the undertaking of either party in such an agreement. It became the first document that created a self-government in the English colonies.

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Who Said It?!Question:13. "fifty-four forty or fight."

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Who Said It?!Answer:13. A slogan popular in 1846, especially among Democrats, who asserted U.S.

ownership of the entire Oregon country, including the part that Great Britain claimed between 49° and 54° 40 prime; N latitude. In 1844 James K. Polk (1795–1849) used "Fifty-four forty or fight" to rally supporters in his successful presidential campaign. Two years after Polk took office as president he settled the dispute with Great Britain; the boundary was then set at 49 degrees north, the northern boundary of present-day Washington State and the border between the United States and Canada. This agreement, which was reached without the fight Polk threatened in his slogan, gave the United States control over land lying between 42 and 49 degrees north latitude.

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Who Said It?!Question:14. "Free trade and sailors'

rights."

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Who Said It?!Answer:14. Captain David Porter (Banner-Flag). This was a slogan

flown on a ship at the start of the war of 1812 in which it reflected the ideas that derived from the Age of Revolution. Americans used this quote to support the War of 1812.

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Who Said It?!Question:15. "You shall not crucify

mankind upon a cross of gold."

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Who Said It?!Answer:15. William Jennings Bryan. Delivered in the Cross of Gold

speech which was meant to cry out against the gold standard which had a negative effect upon the common people of his day. This quote used bible imagery to portray what he meant, that big companies were ‘crucifying’ the poorer people. His cry for help never actually happened until President Nixon took the US off of the gold standard in the 1970’s.

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Who Said It?!Question:16. "God made us neighbors.

Let just make us friends."

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Who Said It?!Answer:16. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, “Good Neighbor Policy”.

This speech was aimed towards the Latin Americans in order to resolve Teddy Roosevelt’s imperialistic “Bad Neighbor Policy.” He also set up equally beneficial bonds and trade agreements for both North and South America.

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Who Said It?!Question:17. "And so, my fellow Americans: Ask

not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country."

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Who Said It?!Answer:17. John F. Kennedy. John F. Kennedy presented this

quote at his inauguration in Washington on January 20th, 1961. This was said by JFK to imply that you should not be entitled to the benefits of America by doing nothing, but by getting up and earning your place in society and America.

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Who Said It?!Question:18. "We must be the great

arsenal of democracy."

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Who Said It?!Answer:18. Franklin D. Roosevelt. This quote was said over a radio

broadcast from Washington on December 29, 1940. Before the U.S. got into the war, Roosevelt promised to help the British fight Nazi Germany by giving them military supplies while the U.S. stayed out of the actual fighting. An arsenal is where weapons are stored, and this is where and “Arsenal of Democracy” came about to be used.

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Who Said It?!Question:19. "with malice toward none,

with charity for all..."

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Who Said It?!Answer:19. Abraham Lincoln. This was said during Abraham

Lincoln’s second inaugural address. After the Civil War, some victorious Northerners pushed for retributive policies against the South. Lincoln's template of healing the national rift ("Reconstruction") emphasized not punishing slaveholders and other civilians.The quote by Abraham Lincoln means having no evil upon anyone and help towards everyone.

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Who Said It?!Question:20. "It is our policy to stay

clear of permanent alliances."

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Who Said It?!Answer:20. George Washington. Washington used this quote in his

Farewell Address in 1796. Washington did not want to have any alliances with other nations because he believed that alliances lead to war and obscure conflicts. The United States was young at the time, and its military was not yet fully developed, so Washington was trying to provide safety by not having an alliance with another nation.

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Who Said It?!Question: 21. "John Marshall has made

his decision: now let him enforce it."

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Who Said It?!Answer:21. Andrew Jackson. Jackson used this quote after the

case of Worcester v. Georgia. In the case, chief justice John Marshall ruled that no state could annex another land. Jackson did not agree with this ruling, so he took the land anyway.

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Who Said It?!Question:22. "Liberty and Union, now

and forever, one and inseparable."

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Who Said It?!Answer:22. Daniel Webster. Webster used this quote in 1830 when

he was debating about the union staying together. He believed that if the states united, liberty would be ensured for all.

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Who Said It?!Question:23. "Millions for defense, but

not one cent for tribute."

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Who Said It?!Answer:23. Robert Goodloe Harper. Harper said this quote while

talking about the XYZ Affair. The French refused to negotiate with the U.S. unless we gave them $250,000. Harper uttered this statement at a dinner after Marshall returned from France.

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Who Said It?!Question:24. "My paramount object in

this struggle is to save the Union."

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Who Said It?!Answer:24. Abraham Lincoln. Abraham used this quote in 1862

when talking about keeping the Union together. As president, Lincoln’s main goal was to keep the Union together no matter what. Lincoln achieved his goal of keeping the Union and abolishing slavery.

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Who Said It?!Question:25. "Peace without victory."

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Who Said It?!Answer:25. Woodrow WIlson. Wilson used this quote in his speech

in 1917 when talking about WWI. Wilson wanted to stop bloodshed entirely so he called for peace without victory, which meant that all nations would stop fighting and no nation would be victorious over the other.

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Who Said It?!Question:26. "Remember the Alamo."

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Who Said It?!Answer:26. General Sam Houston. Houston said this phrase to his

soldiers before battle as a kind of battle cry; it was also a reminder to the soldiers that that the enemy takes no prisoners, as seen in the battle of the Alamo. The phrase was used to remind the soldiers to fight to the death; basically to win or die.

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Who Said It?!Question:27. "Remember the Maine."

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Who Said It?!Answer:27. William Randolph Hearst. After the U.S.S Maine blew

up in 1898, Americans blamed the Spanish for this tragedy. Americans began using this phrase as a battle cry during the Spanish American War.

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Who Said It?!Question:28. "Speak softly and carry a

big stick, you will go far."

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Who Said It?!Answer:28. Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt used this phrase in

1901 to describe the American foreign policy. The policy was to negotiate peacefully with other nations, but threaten them with the “big stick” or the military if needed. This describes the strong military power of the United States.

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Who Said It?!Question:29. "The ideals and traditions of our nations

demanded that we come to the aid of Greece and Turkey and that we put the world on notice that it would be or policy to support the cause of freedom wherever it was threatened."

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Who Said It?!Answer:29. Harry Truman. Truman used this quote in 1947 after

Britain could no longer financially support the Greek government. Without the help of the British, Greece and Turkey were endangered of falling into communism.

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Who Said It?!Question:30. "The only thing that we

have to fear is fear itself."

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Who Said It?!Answer:30. Franklin D. Roosevelt. FDR said this quote on March

4, 1933 during his First Inaugural Address. Roosevelt used this quote to reassure the American people that the country would not mentally succumb to the depression, and that it would come out of it stronger than before. By saying that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”, he reiterated that Americans can only be afraid of becoming fearful, and not what was to come.

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Who Said It?!Question:31. "We hold these truths to be self-

evident: that all men and woman are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights."

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Who Said It?!Answer:31. Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Stanton used this quote in the

Declaration of Rights and Sentiments in 1848 at the Seneca Fall Convention. This was significant because it was used to enforce equality amongst men and women in the ninieteenth century.

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Who Said It?!Question:32. "The American continents, by the free and

independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subject for future colonization by any European powers."

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Who Said It?!Answer:32. James K. Polk. Polk said this quote on December 2,

1845 while he was reaffirming the Monroe Doctrine. Because the Monroe Doctrine only pertained to European nations not allowed to settle or colonize the Western Hemisphere, Polk reaffirmed the Doctrine by adding that Europeans were not allowed to interfere with any American expansion. This quote allowed Americans to embrace manifest destiny with ease.

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Who Said It?!Question:33. "And, by virtue of the power and for the

purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all the persons held as slaves within these said designated States and parts of the States are, and henceforward shall be free."

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Who Said It?!Answer:33. Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln said this quote on January 1,

1863 in his Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln said this during his presidency which also took place during the Civil War. This quote is significant because during Lincoln’s presidency he pushed for the emancipation of slaves; this quote alone finally declared that all slaves would have the opportunity to become free citizens of the United States.

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Who Said It?!Question:34. "We the people of the

United States, in order to form a more perfect Union..."

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Who Said It?!Answer:34. The Founding Fathers. The Founding Fathers included

this quote in the Preamble to the United States Constitution. This quote is significant because it formed the basis that our government was built upon. This quote states how the nation is now a nation for the people, and will serve the people in order to be the best and strongest nation.

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Who Said It?!Question:35. "No one can make you

feel inferior without your consent."

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Who Said It?!Answer:35. Eleanor Roosevelt. Roosevelt supposedly said this

quote in her book “This is My Story” in 1937. This quote became so famous for two reasons. Eleanor Roosevelt, former first lady to FDR and renowned reformer was adored by the public who constantly supported her during and after FDR’s presidency. This quote also symbolizes American dignity, and the determined drive Americans possessed to not be viewed as inferior, but as equals.

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Who Said It?!Question:36. "Surplus wealth is a sacred trust

which its possessor is bound to administer in his lifetime for the good of the community."

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Who Said It?!Answer:36. Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie said this quote in

relevance to philanthropy. Carnegie was a very wealthy man thanks to his Steel Company, but he strongly believed that people with wealth should donate to those in need. This is significant because many wealthy men at this time were greedy and kept the wealth for themselves which they gained from their corrupt businesses, but Carnegie did the opposite.

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Who Said It?!Question:37. "The advance of the frontier has meant a

steady movement away from the influence of Europe, a steady growth of independence on American lines. And to study the advance... is to study the really American part of our history."

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Who Said It?!Answer:37. Frederick Jackson Turner. Turner said this quote in

1893 in Chicago, Illinois in his “The Significance of the Frontier in American History”. This quote is significant because it had revolutionized the way people viewed the frontier. His quote brought about a new perspective for the frontier, and the respect people had for it due to its historical significance to America’s manifest destiny.

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Who Said It?!Question:38. "What hath God

wrought!"

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Who Said It?!Answer:38. Samuel Morse. This quote was the first message that

Morse ever sent on his invention of Morse Code. This quote was significant because it said what God has made, and symbolized the transition America was making into technology. The Morse Code was the first form of almost instantaneous communication which both created the idea and motivated the push towards other forms of long distance communication.

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Who Said It?!Question: 39. "Government is not the

solution to our problem. Government is the problem."

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Who Said It?!Answer:39. Ronald Reagan. Reagan said this quote during his

Inaugural Address on January 20, 1981. This quote is significant because Reagan formally addressed government as the problem in America. His presidency came after a time when many presidents had failed the nation, and the trust between the public and government was diminished. By beginning his presidency with addressing the problems within the government, Reagan’s popularity increased and the process of reconciling both the government and public began.

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Who Said It?!Question:40. "Women of the world

unite! You have nothing to lose but your vacuum cleaner."

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Who Said It?!Answer: 40. Betty Friedan. Friedan said this quote in an interview

with Life magazine in 1963; she was a strong feminist who advocated for women’s equality. This quote was significant because it aroused women to unite, and reassured them that they don't have much to lose by doing so. By not having much to lose, the women became stronger in numbers.