lesson #4 mining 101 - biology pagemshartscience.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/3/3/85334512/mining... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Lesson #4 Mining 101
Objective: Learn about different types if mines and how they
affect the environment.
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Have you used any of these lately?
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School Bus?
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Cereal?
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Bicycle or Skateboard?
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Car?
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Alarm Clock?
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Pencil or Computer?
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Stove, Microwave, Cupboards, Countertops?
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Coins?
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Video Games?
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Musical Instruments?
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Toothbrush and Toothpaste?
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Cellphone
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Flatware or Television?
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Do the items in the photographs have anything in
common?
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Thousands of things you use every day are made from rocks
and minerals.
If you guessed “rocks and minerals,” you are right!
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That’s a lot of rocks and minerals!How do you think we get all
those rocks and minerals?
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If you said “Mining,” you are right!
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A mine is a place where rocks and
minerals of value are extracted.
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Government Permits are needed before and during all mining processes
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The first phase of mining is called
EXPLORATION.
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What happens during exploration?
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Satellites, airplanes and helicopters can be used to help
find mineral deposits.
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A geologist is a scientist who
studies the Earth and it’s processes.
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Radioactive minerals like uranium may be found with a Geiger counter.
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If an area looks promising, a drill is moved to the site.
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The drill goes deep into the Earth’s crust removing long cylinders of rock
called cores.
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Geologic maps are created.
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What about the environment?
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Before a mine can be opened, a complete
environmental study is done so the land can be rehabilitated during and
after mining.
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Environmental protection throughout the mining process
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What about people?
What about people?
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Mining Towns
Ketchikan, AlaskaMining provides resources
to remote locations:
Transportation Education Housing
Jobs
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For ExampleBattle Mountain Trades Program
Newmont Mining Corporation
High school students learned
building and selling skills.
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An African Project
AngloGold Ashanti Create medical
programs improving the quality of health for people living in areas
near their mining operations.
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There are two basic
types of Mining.
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Underground Mining
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Surface Mining
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Surface Mining
Kennecott Utah Copper’s Bingham Canyon Mine
Two-story high haul trucks can carry hundreds of tons
of ore.
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Surface mining
Albert Frei & Sons Sand Quarry in Idaho Springs, Colorado
Rock of Ages Granite Quarry in Barre, Vermont
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Underground Mining
Nickel Miners Underground Drill
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Underground Mining
Longwall coal mining cuts a slice from the long wall.
Notice the safety gear that these miners wear everyday.
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Miner Safety
All mining companies have extensive safety training. No one can go underground without it. Miners must be certified and demonstrate safety knowledge.
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Extraction is the process of removing mineral
resources from the Earth’s crust.
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Drilling to set charges for a blast.
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Carefully controlled blasting breaks up the rock.
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Blasted ore is hauled to the crusher.
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Crushers/grinders break up the ore to the size of small pebbles or sand.
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Processing
Minerals are different so many different types of processing are needed to remove them from the
rock. Following are just a few processes.
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Milling
This rock contains gold. Milling is the process of separating the desired mineral from the unwanted rock (called gangue.) See if you can find the specks of gold.
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Concentration and Flotation
Some minerals are separated by washing, flotation or magnetic separation. Here a combination of water, chemicals, air and agitation make desired mineral particles float to the top of the bubbles.
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Smelting
Smelting uses high heat and chemicals to remove base metals and impurities from concentrates. Smelting furnaces can reach temperatures above 1064°Celcius. What would that number be in Fharenheit?
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Leaching
Ariel view of a leach pad at a copper mine in Morenci, Arizona. These pads are the size of several football fields. This one is being stacked with crushed ore.
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Electrowinning
Starter sheets are lowered into a solution. An electrical charge passes through causing copper ions to stick to the sheets.
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How much land does Mining use in the US?
Land used by Agriculture
Land used by 80 Years of Mining
Nearly 50% has been reclaimed.
Washington D.C.
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Reclamation
Modern mines reclaim and rehabilitate the land during
and after mining is completed, returning the land to useful purposes.
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Reclaimed by Starvaggi Industries in West Virginia.
Before After
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ForkCreek Coal Mining Co., West Virginia
Before After
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Homestake Mining Company’s McLaughlin Gold Mine in California
Before After
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MINING 101
THE END
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ResourcesAngloGold Ashanti, www.anglogold.co.za Colorado Mining Association, www.coloradomining.org Mining Basics, www.miningbasics.com Minerals Education Coalition, www.MineralsEducationCoalition.org Mining Engineering Magazine, SME, www.miningengineeringmagazine.com National Mining Association, www.nma.org Newmont Mining Corporation, www.newmont.com Society of Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, www.smenet.org Women in Mining Education Foundation, www.womeninmining.org U.S. Department of Agriculture, www.usda.gov U.S. Geological Survey, www.usgs.gov Christensen, John W. and Teri L., Global Science: Earth/Environmental Systems Science, Kendall Hunt. Dubuque, Iowa. 7th ed. 2009