lesson 4 the neuron

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VCE PSYCHOLOGYLesson 4 The Neuron Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016Study design dot pointthe role of the neuron (dendrites, axon, myelin and axon terminals) as the primary cell involved in the reception and transmission of information across the synapse (excluding details related to signal transduction)

What you need to know and be able to do:Describe the function of a neuronDescribe the role of each of the parts of a neuron including,Dendrites, soma, axon, axon terminals, nucleus, synapse, synaptic transmission, nurotransmitters, and myelin sheathDescribe how a neuron transmits information throughout the brain (neural impulse)

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Question from last lessonShort answer activity Write in Books

Questions from Pre-lessonDiscussion of wiki QuestionsAreas of concern

Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016Footage Shutterstock

Video was purchased and downloaded from:http://www.shutterstock.com/video/clip-11744972-stock-footage-journey-through-a-neuron-cell-network-inside-the-brain-gray-loopable-flying-across-a-neuronal.html?src=search/fIHROQymfOUv3r7Yvt710A:1:46/3p4

What are neurons? [Recap]Neurons the basic building blocks of the nervous system, specialised to communicate information around the body.There are three different types of neurons:- Sensory neurons (afferent) transmit information from the body to the brain- Motor neurons (efferent) transmit information from the brain to the body- Interneurons communicate between sensory and motor neuronsRemember the mnemonic SAME (Sensory : Afferent, Motor : Efferent) Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

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Structure of a neuron Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Image reference: http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-409605523/stock-vector-neuron-vector-illustration-isolated-on-a-white-background.html?src=F9UMeXgIOIxJM0wWxeFbmQ-1-326

What does each component do?Dendrite receives incoming neural messages

Soma the body of the neuron, contains the nucleus with the genetic material for the neuron

Axon the pathway down which the neural message travels

Myelin sheath fatty tissue that encases the axon to aid in speed of transmission

Axon terminals exit pathways for a neural messages to make their way to the next neuron

Terminal buttons (Synaptic nobs) releases a chemical substance known as neurotransmitters to a receiving neuron for communication purposes; also referred to as synaptic knobs Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Structure of a neuron Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Drawing and labelingPractice drawing and labeling the key components of a neuron. Think of it as looking similar to your hand as a point of reference.Can you make up a memory aid that places the components in order?D S(n) A(ms) AT TBDave Still Admires ATrocoius TeddyBears Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

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OverviewCommunication between neurons is an electrochemical process. It uses both electrical and chemical energy.Neurons do not move, they communicate messages.Neurons adapt physically to suit the frequency and speed of necessary communication. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Communication within neurons Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Inside negative charge Outside positive charge +Action Potential Negatives rush throughAll or nothing

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Neuron electrical chargehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qo3BoxUhgzQNeuron electrical charge (0:33 min)This one shows some of the idea of the charge. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

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Communication within a neuron Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016Action potentialA neuron has a resting potential when not activated. Negatively charged ions are inside the axon, and positively charged ions are outside the neuron.An electrical impulse known as an action potential (or neural impulse) is initiated by the soma and travels along the axon towards the axon terminals.This turns the negatively charged ions to positive, and the external ones to negative.An action potential is an all or nothing process. Communication within a neuron uses electrical energy.

Image reference: http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-409605523/stock-vector-neuron-vector-illustration-isolated-on-a-white-background.html?src=F9UMeXgIOIxJM0wWxeFbmQ-1-3214

Communication between neurons Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Terminology used for reference

Communication between neuronsThe synaptic knob/terminal button of the pre-synaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters across the synaptic gap or synapse.These are received by the dendrite of the post-synaptic neuron.Communication between neurons use chemical energy. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Communication between neurons Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016Video source:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5zFgT4aofA

Neural communicationThe synaptic knob/terminal button of the pre-synaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters across the synaptic gap or synapse.These are received by the dendrite of the post-synaptic neuron.Communication between neurons use chemical energy. Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Nicotine_increases_dopamine_release_in_a_synapse.gif

Exit Questions

Fast five - Question 1Where is an incoming neural message received in a neuron?


Fast five - Question 1 (Answer)Where is an incoming neural message received in a neuron?

Answer:Dendrite Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 2Name three different types of neurons.


Fast five - Question 2 (Answer)Name three different types of neurons.

Sample Response:Sensory, Motor and Interneuron Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 3What is the name of the fatty tissue that protects the axon?


Fast five - Question 3 (Answer)What is the name of the fatty tissue that protects the axon?

Sample Response:Myelin Sheath Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 4What is this fatty tissues role?


Fast five - Question 4 (Answer)What is this fatty tissues role?

Sample Response:Protection and speed Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 5Which component of the neuron releases a chemical substance for communication purposes?


Fast five - Question 5 (Answer)Which component of the neuron releases a chemical substance for communication purposes?

Sample Response:Synaptic button Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 1What is the gap between two neurons called?


Fast five - Question 1 (Answer)What is the gap between two neurons called?

Answer:Synapse Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 2What is the name of the chemical substance released by the terminal button? Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 2 (Answer)What is the name of the chemical substance released by the terminal button?

Answer:Neurotransmitter Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 3What energy is used to communicate within neurons? Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 3 (Answer)What energy is used to communicate within neurons?

Answer:Electric Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 4What energy is used to communicate between neurons? Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 4 (Answer)What energy is used to communicate between neurons?

Answer:Chemical Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 5Neurons communicate using what sort of energy? Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

Fast five - Question 5 (Answer)Neurons communicate using what sort of energy?

Answer:Electrochemical Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016

lesson 4 the neuron

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