lesson 5 change of phase
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Lesson 5 CHANGE OF PHASE. DISTINGUISH between intensive and extensive properties. DEFINE the following terms: Saturation Subcooled liquid Superheated vapor Critical Point Triple Point Vapor pressure curve Quality Moisture Content - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Lesson 5CHANGE OF PHASE
• DISTINGUISH between intensive and extensive properties.• DEFINE the following terms:
– Saturation– Subcooled liquid– Superheated vapor– Critical Point– Triple Point– Vapor pressure curve– Quality– Moisture Content
• DESCRIBE the processes of sublimation, vaporization, condensation, and fusion.
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Classification of Properties• Intensive Properties - independent of the amount of mass
present– Pressure– Temperature– Density
• Extensive Properties - a function of the amount of mass present.– Volume – Mass
• An extensive property may be made intensive by dividing the particular property by the total mass
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Piston – Cylinder Arrangement
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Classification of Properties (cont.)• Saturation - A condition in which a mixture of vapor and liquid can exist together at
a given temperature and pressure.
• Saturation Temperature (Boiling Point) - The temperature at which vaporization (boiling) starts to occur for a given pressure.
• Saturation Pressure – The pressure at which vaporization (boiling) starts to occur for a given temperature
• Subcooled Liquid – Liquid with temperature that is lower than the saturation temperature for the existing pressure.
• Quality (x) - The ratio of the mass of the vapor to the total mass of both vapor and liquid when a substance exists as part liquid and part vapor at saturation conditions
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Vapor Pressure Curve
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T-V Diagram Showing the Saturation Region
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Classification of Properties (cont.)
• Moisture Content - the fraction of the total mass of a mixture that is in the liquid phase
• Saturated and Superheated Vapors - a vapor at a temperature above saturation temperature for its pressure
• Constant Pressure Heat Addition
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Constant Pressure Heat Addition
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Classification of Properties (cont.)
• Critical Point – Point where there is no constant-temperature vaporization process. Rather, point N is a point of inflection, with the slope being zero. Saturated-liquid and saturated-vapor states are identical
• Fusion - The process of melting
• Sublimation - Transition between the solid phase and the vapor phase occurs directly, without passing through the liquid phase (dry ice).
• Triple Point - The state in which all three phases may be present in equilibrium
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Pressure – Temperature Diagram
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Summary
Classification of Properties
– Intensive properties are independent of mass (temperature, pressure, or any specific property)
– Extensive properties are a function of the mass of the system (mass, volume)
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Summary (continued) Terms
– Saturation - combination of temperature and pressure at which a mixture of vapor and liquid can exist at equilibrium
– Subcooled liquid - a liquid at a temperature below saturation temperature for its pressure
– Superheated vapor - a vapor at a temperature above saturation temperature for its pressure
– Critical point - the temperature and pressure above which there is no distinction between the liquid and vapor phases
– Triple point - the temperature and pressure at which all three phases can exist in equilibrium
– Vapor pressure curve - a graphical representation of the relationship between temperature and pressure at saturated conditions
– Quality - the fraction of the total mass of a mixture that is in the vapor phase
– Moisture Content - the fraction of the total mass of a mixture that is in the liquid phase
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Summary (continued)Phase Change Processes
• Sublimation - change of phase from solid to vapor
• Vaporization - change of phase from liquid to vapor
• Condensation - change of phase from vapor to liquid
• Fusion or melting - change of phase from solid to liquid