LESSON 5 – LESSON 5 – INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO BONES AND THE BONES AND THE

SKELETAL SYSTEMSKELETAL SYSTEM

Types of BonesTypes of Bones

There are 3 main types of bones in the human body.

Long BonesLong Bones – For blood production, support and movement. These are long and affect our overall height, e.g. the legs & arms (femur & humerus).

Flat BonesFlat Bones – These are flat and are often found forming a protective surface, e.g. the skull (cranium) and pelvis.

Irregular BonesIrregular Bones – These are irregular in shape and have a specific function, e.g. the bones of the spine (vertebral column).

Each type has a different size and shape because they have different jobs to do:

TASK……TASK……

USE MODEL AND LOOK AT SKELETON – USE MODEL AND LOOK AT SKELETON – WHAT CAN WE IDENTIFY?WHAT CAN WE IDENTIFY?

DIFFERENT BONESDIFFERENT BONES SHAPESSHAPES SIZESSIZES ALLOWS DIFFERENT MOVEMENTS ALLOWS DIFFERENT MOVEMENTS HARDHARD HANDOUT SHEET ON SKELTON AND HANDOUT SHEET ON SKELTON AND

ASK PUPILS TO LABELASK PUPILS TO LABEL

TASK….TASK….

LIST AND EXPLAIN THE FUNCTIONS OF LIST AND EXPLAIN THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON p152THE SKELETON p152

SHAPE AND SUPPORTSHAPE AND SUPPORT PROTECTIONPROTECTION MOVEMENTMOVEMENT BLOOD PRODUCTION.BLOOD PRODUCTION. Look at the application of the Look at the application of the

functions on p153, do the same using functions on p153, do the same using a different examplea different example

The skeleton is a rigid supporting framework of bonesinside the body, to which all the soft tissues andorgans are attached.

The Functions of the SkeletonThe Functions of the Skeleton

The skeleton can:

Together, the bones and muscles form a machinewhich can perform many different tasks.

grow in size. repair its own broken parts. lubricate its own joints. support internal organs.

Protection Support Movement Blood Cell Production

The 4 main functions of the Skeleton are:

1 Protection1 Protection

The hard nature of bone means that the skeletoncan protect the more delicate parts of the body. Examples:

The cranium (skull) protects the soft tissue of the brain.

The rib cage protects the delicate heart and lungs.

Without the skeleton, the body would beflabby and shapeless.

Examples:

The bones of the legs support the body.

The vertebrae support the head.

2 Support2 Support

The bones act as levels. The skeleton is jointed to allow us to move whenthe muscles attached to them contract.

Example:

The bones and joints work with muscles to enable us to walk, jog and sprint.

3 Movement3 Movement

The vertebrae allow us to bend, stretch and rotate our body.

Red and white blood cells are made in red bone marrow which is found at the ends of the femur and humerus and in the ribs, sternum, pelvis and vertebrae.

Femur::Located in the upper part of the leg.

Humerus::Located in the upperpart of the arm.

4 Blood4 Blood CellCell ProductionProduction

Red BoneMarrow

LOOK AT HANDOUT ON A CLOSER LOOK AT HANDOUT ON A CLOSER LOOK AT BONES – LOOK AT BONES – CLASSIFICATION OF BONES – CLASSIFICATION OF BONES – DRAW UP TABLE. – LOOK AT THE DRAW UP TABLE. – LOOK AT THE SKELETONSKELETON

Not in the new syllabusNot in the new syllabus

HOMEWORKHOMEWORK READ ABOUT THE STRUCTURE OF READ ABOUT THE STRUCTURE OF

A JOINT AND EXPLAIN HOW IT IS A JOINT AND EXPLAIN HOW IT IS DESIGNED TO PREVENT WEAR DESIGNED TO PREVENT WEAR AND TEAR. AND TEAR. http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v=7bGsC6LoMF4=7bGsC6LoMF4