lesson 6.1 objectives how scientists use fossils to learn about the history of life how organisms...
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Lesson 6.1Objectives How scientists use fossils to learn about the history
of life How organisms evolved more complex forms over
time About mass extinctions
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Fossil Record – information provided by fossil records and their location.
Fossil record lets scientists identify periods during which different species existed.
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Cyanobacteria – earliest known organisms in the fossil record
◦ Contained chlorophyll and used photosynthesis to make sugars from carbon dioxide
◦ The bacteria produced oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis
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The first eukaryotes were single-celled
The oldest eukaryotes are from algae that lived 2 billion years ago.
600 mya the first multicellular animals (jelly-fish like) evolved.
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Bacteria and algae – first life forms on land
Primitive insects – first land-dwelling animals
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The loss of all the members of a species
Mass extinctions – several periods of huge numbers of species have become extinct in a very short time
Permian extinction – the largest mass extinction in Earth’s history.
Cretaceous Extinction – dinosaurs extinction
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Lesson 6.2Objectives•About early ideas and observations on evolution•How Darwin developed his theory of natural selection•How new species arise
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Refers to the process through which species change over time
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French naturalist Proposed that during the
organism’s lifetime, they change in response to their environment
Example – giraffes long neck
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British naturalist He published a book about a voyage in
Galapagos island Beagle – the name of a British navy ship
The book described his observations about how evolution works
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Galapagos Island
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Darwin observe several types of: Tortoises Finches
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According to Darwin: Individuals that are best suited to their
environment survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other members of species in that environment
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Overproduction
Variation
Adaptation
Selection
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Population – is a group of similar species
In nature, organisms reproduce a lot but not many can survive.
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Variation or differences among individuals
Genetic variation happens when offspring get a mix of chromosomes from both parents
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An inherited trait that gives an organism’s an advantage in its particular environment
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Individuals that adapted in their environment have a good chance of survival.
The adaptive trait will be passed on to their offspring.
Overtime, the useful trait will become more common in the population
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The evolution of a new species from an existing species.
Isolation is the key factor that leads to speciation
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Lesson 6.3Objectives•How populations increase and decrease in size•What factors affect population size and survival•How species can become extinct
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All populations have the ability to grow rapidly over time
Populations tend to remain about the same size
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Population increase through births and immigration
Immigration – the movement of individuals into a population
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Emigration – the movement of individuals out of the population
Limiting factors:RESOURCESCOMPETITIONPREDATORSDISEASECATASTROPHIC EVENTS
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Lesson 6.4Objectives•How scientists develop theories•About the evidence Darwin used to support the theory of natural selection•About additional evidence most scientists use today
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Theory – is an explanation of natural phenomena based on a wide range of scientific evidence
Ancestor – is an early form of an organism from which later forms descend
Vestigial Organs – are structures that were fully developed in ancestral organisms but are reduced and unused in later species
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Fossils provided evidence that species in the past were very similar to species living in Darwin’s time
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Vestigial Organs - similar structures with different functions
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Similarities in Development
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DNA contains the information that organisms need to grow and to maintain themselves.
When organisms reproduce, they pass on their genetic material to their offspring
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