Lesson 6.2 Introduction to

inorganic materials chemistry

content

words1

Expressions and Technical Terms2

Text3

appendix4

Words无机化学材料

ceramics [si`ræmiks] n. 制陶术 , 制陶业glassy [`gla:si] adj. 象玻璃的recognition [͵re kəg`niʃən] n. 赞誉 , 承认 , 重视 , 公认 , 赏识subdiscipline [sʌb`disiplin] n. (学科的 )分支 ,分科multicomponent [mʌltikə`pəunənt] 多成分的 , 多组分的superconductor [͵sju:pəkən`dʌktə] 超导 ( 电 )体monolithic [͵mɔnə`liѲik] n. 单片电路 , 单块集成电路

其他

carbide [`ka:baid] n. [ 化 ]碳化物boride [`bɔraid] n. [ 化 ]硼化物nitride [`naitraid] n. [ 化 ]氮化物sulfide [`sʌlfai] n.[ 化 ]硫化物selenide [slinaid] n. [ 化 ]硒化物 ,硒醚telluride [teljuraid] n. [ 化 ]碲化物combination [͵kɔmbi`neiʃən] n.化合 , 化合物

Expressions and Technical Terms

规格

对应职业岗位

epitaxial film 取向附生膜lead zirconate titanate锆钛酸铅chemical sense [生理 ]化学感觉adhesion [əd`hi:ʒən] n. 吸附abrasion [ə`breiʒən] n.磨损methodology [͵meѲə`dɔlədʒi] n. 方法学 , 方法论resultant materials 合成材料

text

Existed in both inorganic chemistry and ceramics. Inorganic materials chemistry applies the expertise developed over the years in inorganic chemistry to developing ceramic and glassy materials with improved properties and relative ease of processing.无机材料化学所包括的技术领域历来都存在于无机化学和制陶业。随着工艺的改进和处理过程的简化，无机材料化学应用在无机化学中多年来发展成熟的技术，来发展制陶和玻璃材料。

text

Growing acceptance in recent years of the importance of chemistry to materials preparation and processing has resulted in the recognition of materials chemistry as a distinct subdiscipline of chemistry.最近几年，材料化学作为化学学科的分支，其材料加工和处理的重要性被越来越多的人所接受。

Materials chemistry, in general, can be defined as the chemical science, which deals with the preparation, processing, and analysis of solid-state materials.材料化学，一般可以被界定为化学学科，其中涉及制备、处理和固体材料的分析。

text

Inorganic materials chemistry, in particular, relates to the preparation, processing, and properties of inorganic materials, such as metal carbides, borides, nitrides, oxides, sulfides, selenides, tellurides, and their combinations.无机材料化学，特别是涉及到制备，加工和性能的无机材料，例如作为金属碳化物，硼化物，氮化物，氧化物，硫化物，硒化物，碲化物及他们的化合。

text

In contrast to conventional ceramic and glass processing which require high temperatures and/or high pressures, inorganic materials chemistry involves preparation and processing of inorganic materials under relatively milder temperature and pressure conditions.和传统的需要高温、高压的陶瓷和玻璃制造工艺相比无机材料化学包括在相对温和的温度和压力条件下制备和处理的无机材料。

text

The chemical route to ceramic materials not only can provide a milder route to ceramic and glassy materials, but also an opportunity to prepare unusual forms of existing materials such as, for example, epitaxial films, transparent films of otherwise opaque material, stable colloidal suspensions, submicron powders, microporous membranes. 制陶材料的化学路线不仅可以为制陶材料和玻璃材料，提供一个较适合的路线，而且为不同形式的现有材料提供了一个机会。比如，取向附生膜，另外不透明材料的透明膜，胶状悬浮态，亚微型的粉末，多微孔的膜状物。

textInorganic materials chemistry can also provide the opportunity to prepare novel multicomponent systems that are otherwise difficult to prepare by conventional techniques.无机材料化学也可以用传统技术很难制备的多组分系统提供一个机会。 Multicomponent systems such as Y, Ba and Cu oxide superconductors, for example, can be prepared in various forms, including films and powders prepared using novel chemical routes such as sol-gel and colloidal processing.多组分系统比如 Y ，Ba 和 Cu的氧化物，超导体可以通过不同的方式制得，例如用溶胶一凝胶法和胶质的处理，等新的化学路线，可以制得膜或粉末等不同的形态。

text

Also, some materials, such as crystalline lead

zirconate titanate, Pb(Zr, Ti)O3, which could

previously be prepared only in a monolithic form or

as single crystals can now be fabricated, using

chemical processing techniques, as polycrystalline

films having properties similar to single crystals.另外，一些材料，如锆钛酸铅， Pb(Zr,Ti)O3,这可能原先准备只在一个单片或作为现在可以仿造的单晶，使用化学处理技术，作为多晶薄膜具有类似单晶的特性。

Another important aspect of materials chemistry

research is the study of the interaction between materials and their environment.另一个重要方面是材料化学研究的研究材料之间的相互作用及其环境。

Types of interactions may include corrosion, adhesion, oxidation, mechanical or chemical abrasion, thermal shock, chemical sensing, and thin-film deposition.互动类型可包括腐蚀，附着力，氧化，机械磨损，热冲击，化学传感，以及薄膜沉积。

text

text

A complete understanding of such topics requires expertise in surface science, analytical chemistry, chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, and modeling of chemical processes.完全理解这些内容需要具备表面科学，分析化学，化学动力学，化学热力学，化学处理模拟等方面的知识

A common focus of such studies is the

application of chemical methodologies to provide both an understanding on the molecular level, as well as improved control over the properties of the resultant materials and the interaction of these materials with the environment.一个这类研究共同关注的方法是应用化学方法来提供一个分子水平上的认识，并改善材料的控制性能和由此产生的这些材料与环境的相互作用。

text

text

The preparation and characterization of novel materials are currently the most popular research topics among the many areas of research in materials chemistry.新型材料的制备和表征表明目前材料化学的研究在许多研究课题的领域中是最热门的

Topics of interest include the development of

precursors for glass, ceramic, metal, and semiconductor materials, wet chemical processing, gas phase film deposition and powder preparation, molecular, micro-, and macroscopic characterization of the resultant solid state materials.课题主要包括玻璃前体的制备，陶瓷制品，金属和半导体材料，湿法化学工艺，气相膜沉积和粉末制备，合成固体材料的分子，微观和宏观性质表征等。

text

text

The processing aspects of materials chemistry present the greatest opportunity for research and may deal with a variety of individual techniques, such as sol-gel processing, surface science, metal organic decomposition (MOD), metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), colloidal processing, nanoscale materials synthesis, among others.目前材料化学加工方面的研究最有可能并可能涉及各种个人技术，如溶胶凝胶加工，表面科学，金属有机分解（国防部），有机金属化学气相沉积，胶体处理，纳米材料的合成等等。

appendix附录

附录 appendix