Lesson No: 2Introduction to Computer

& Microprocessor

CHBT- 01 Basic Micro process & Computer Operation

Introduction • Computer : Computer is an Electronic Device which can

performs Arithmetic and Logical calculation easily. It can stores large amount of Data and easily retrieved whenever needed.

• GIGO : Garbage In Garbage Out• Characteristics :1. Speed : Very high speed of computer2. Accuracy :100% Accuracy in its work3. Storage Capacity: Very large capacity4. Integrity : No bore during long work5. All Rounder / Versatility: It can works in any field 6. Graphics : We can make cartoon, design of building, maps

etc. very easily.

Applications of Computer

1. Communication2. Office Automation3. Education4. Desk Top Publishing 5. Banking, Hospital, Expert System6. Automobile7. Online Reservation System8. Stock Exchange9. CAD/CAM Systems

Limitations of Computer

1. Can’t think itself2. Dangerous to Virus : 3. High Cost of Hardware4. Extra Expense for s/W5. Dust free & Air-conditioned Atmosphere 6. Special Expertise ness 7. Education Required

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

INPUT :To Input Data with Input DevicePROCESS : All operations are done, like addition, subtraction or comparison [C.P.U.]OUTPUT : To get the information out with Output Device

Working Method

Block Diagram

C.P.U.

INPUT OUTPUT

MU

CU

ALU

MicroProcessor

Input Output

System Bus

ROM R/W(RAM)Main Memory

Register Array

Control

ALU

Processor

C.P.U. – Central Processing UnitThe work carried out on data is a process. It is this processing that converts data into information. The part of the computer that does all the ‘work’, all the ‘thinking’, or all the ‘processing’ is called processor. It contains three main parts.

1. M.U. – Memory Unit The space where computer stores temporary information. It is called

main Memory.• ALU – Arithmetic & Logical Unit

ALU takes care of all the mathematical and logical functions done by the computer.

3. CU – Control UnitThis unit controls all the other parts of computer like input, output and processor.

MicroprocessorMicroprocessor is a set of many semi-conductor chip with electronic circuits. It is a programmable logic device. It contains registers.

Processor

Register : a very fast unit in a microprocessor is called Register. Register Array of Microprocessor contains following Registers.

1. MAR : Memory Address Register It contains location of memory address, where information is stored. It is

used to find program location.2. MDR : Memory Data Register

Data or Information which is read, store, write on memory location ,is stored on MDR

3. Accumulator : It is placed on ALU

4. BUS : In Microprocessor, all unit & register uses conductor for information interchange, it is called BUS