Economic ChangeEconomic locations

Lesson Objectives

• To understand the factors affecting the location of primary, secondary and tertiary activities

The location of primary

industry

Location factors:

• Nearly every economic activity is found in a particular place for good reasons:

• Labour supply• Accessibility• Raw materials• Distance to market• Government incentives• Power supply

1. Explain why each of these may be important. 2. Would certain factors be more important for different sectors of industry? Why?

Use page 161 of Tomorrow’s geography for extra information

Location of a primary industry – China Clay, Cornwall

• China clay, also called kaolin, had been mined in Cornwall for 250 years. • A man called William Cookworthy had noticed the fine porcelain that had come to Europe from China and

decided that he had spotted a gap in the market. He began to search for a material that resembled the kaolin used in China to make the porcelain and in 1745, at Tregonning Hill, he found it - a type of decomposed granite which was like a fine talcum powder in texture.

• By the mid 19th Century, 65 000 tonnes of china clay were being mined in the St Austell area every year, much of it for export. Seven thousand people were employed. The hamlet of West Polmear, a tiny place of just nine people, grew to a population of three thousand as a result of the jobs in the area.

• There was an environmental impact, however. Every tonne of china clay mined created five tonnes of waste, which was piled up and nicknamed the Cornish Alps. By 1910, one million tonnes of china clay was mined, 75% for export, so you can see how fast the industry had grown.

• In 1999, the company mining the deposits was taken over by a French company called Imerys, which has moved most of its production to Brazil where its costs are lower and its profits are higher.

• Most of the Cornish china clay pits are now idle and the total number of people employed is about a thousand, a fraction of what it had been. (In 1974, it had been estimated at about 6000 workers.) The former workers left unemployed would be classified as a negative social impact.

• The Eden Project, has transformed a 160 year old pit into a tourist attraction, packed full of exotic plants arranged in biomes to recreate their normal climate. It opened in March 2001 and had received its 10 millionth visitor by 2008. Not only did the pit provide the land and the setting, Imerys provided the sand that was dug into the soil to improve its drainage. Since its opening, the Eden Project has hosted events such as pop concerts, popular with locals and visitors alike, a positive social impact

• Other leisure attractions making good use of the Cornish china clay landscape are the Clay Trails, a series of bike paths established in 2005. These are also popular with dog walkers and horse riders. These improvements to the landscape would be classified as positive environmental impacts.

Primary industry: Factors

• Main factor: Physical factorAvailability of raw materialsEconomic factorsMarket and accessibility

Secondary Industry

Why did Toyota locate at Burnaston, near Derby?

•

1- AccessibilityExcellent transport routes. On the junction of two main trunk roads. This allows easy transportation of parts and the finished product throughout the UK2- IncentivesDerbyshire County Council offered to buy a £20 million stake in the company. It also pledged to improve the transport infrastructure. 3- Room for expansionLocation on the edge of the city. Greenfield site (an area on the edge of the city, which has never been developed in any way) with ample room for expansion. Large area of land: 280 hectares4- Suppliers of component partsThe area has a tradition in car manufacturing. There are many suppliers of component parts and engineering components5- Attractive location for managerial workersAttractive village location such as Findern for managerial workers.The Peak District National Park, which is closed by, has many opportunities for leisure activities.C-Location of tertiary industryLess dependent on geographical factors. Given good transport, energy and communications, tertiary companies can locate anywhere.

Location of secondary industry

Example of a 6 mark question….

Explain the reasons for the location of an activity in the secondary sector. (6)

David Lloyd Gym- What 3 Human factors and 3 physical factors can you work out for the gym locating here?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5EbrxJkzlQ

Tertiary Industry

Case Study: Great North Leisure park- David Lloyd gym

1. Location- get a sketch map- annotate it2. What’s there?3. Physical factors for its location (inc 2 facts)4. Human factors for its location (inc 2 facts)5. Explain the factors that affect the location of

tertiary industry. Use an example in your answer. (6)

The tertiary sector

High-technology industry involves a highly-skilled workforce and its products require a high proportion of research and development.

High-technology industry is relatively footloose since access to raw materials is not very important. The ‘raw materials’ that are required are usually lightweight electronic components.

What is high-tech industry?

Examples of high-tech industry

Factors attracting high tech industry

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Factors attracting high tech industry

Research and development

EnvironmentLabour

ReputationAccess

Government policies

Match these statements to the location factors attracting hi-tech industries

Near to, and links with, a top class university

Place of high-tech excellence

Supply of highlyqualified andadaptable labour

Availability of good transport networks, raw materials, services and markets

Attractivelocation in whichto live and work

National and local governmentsencourageinvestment andenterprise

High-tech industry on the M4 corridor

Examination question

Explain how the factors affecting the location of industry can change over time. (3)

Plenary

• http://www.geoggers.net/geoggers/Rural_deindustrialisation.html

• http://www.cornwall-online.co.uk/attractions/Wheal-martyn/Welcome.html