Md. Arman Md. Jahirul Islam Kawser Ahmed Md.Muktar Hossain

PRINCIPLES OF

TEACHING

BEFORE

WE

START

AS A TEACHERDO WE REALLY NEED A LESSON PLAN (LP)?

YES!!!

NOT ONLY FOR US BUT FOR THE STUDENTS

AS WELL

WHAT IS A LESSON PLAN?

A LP is the instructor’s road map of what students need to learn and how it will be done effectively during the class time (Stiliana Milkova).

C. ROBERTSON SAYS

A LP is a framework for lesson and it shows the place from where to start and the finishing line of it. It is a decision making that is made before instruction.

A LP is a guideline for teaching a lesson. It describes the objectives of a class, the materials and processes used. It has learning as its main objective and involves learners and teachers.

PRINCIPLES OF LP Must have a clear development and

progression between different steps and stages.

Contains a good balance of four skills.

Shows some connection to a previous or following lesson.

Allows the teachers to check if any real learning has taken place.

Shows that teacher will have

thought to make the lesson more interesting and make good use of it.

Will be well-organized and effective with both the teacher and students knowing the lesson and contents.

Will have different stages for both accuracy and fluency.

PURPOSE OF LESSON PLANS

USED AS GUIDE FOR THE TEACHER- They don’t have to think on their feet.- Gives the teacher a starting point- They build on previous teaching and prepare

for coming lessons

PROVIDES DIRECTION- They are clear on the procédure to follow.

GIVES TEACHER A SENSE OF SECURITY AND CONFIDENCE

- They don’t lose face in front of their learners.

PROVIDES RECORD

PURPOSE OF LESSON PLANS

HELPS KEEP GOOD CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT- When a lesson works well, students not only learn—they behave.

Classroom management + Well-designed lesson =

Higher Achieving Students

FOR THE LEARNERThey realize that the teacher cares for their learning.

They attend a structured lesson: easier to assimilate

They appreciate their teacher’s work as a model of well-organized work to imitate.

PURPOSE OF LESSON PLANS

SMART RULE Objectives should follow the

‘S.M.A.R.T rule’:

• Specific • Measurable• Attainable• Result-oriented• Time bound

GOOD LESSON PLANS

Based on 4 things

Interests and abilities of students

Your own interests and strengths

Your beliefs about teaching and learning

Your own openness to change your plan

IMPORTANCE OF LP

What they will be able to do after the class that they did not know before

LP specifies the subject matter to be covered

It outlines the order in which the information to be presented

It outlines the timeline for delivering each section for component of subject matter

It gives the teachers the opportunity to predict possible problems and therefore consider solutions

It makes sure that lesson is balanced and appropriate for the class

It gives teachers confidence

It generally a good practice and a sign of professionalism

When thinking about an English lesson it is useful, therefore, to keep the following three elements in mind…

Engage: This means getting the

students interested in the class

Study: Every lesson usually needs to have some kind of language focus

Activate: Telling students about the language is not really enough to help them learn it. For students to develop their use of English they need to have a chance to produce it

KEY ELEMENTS OF LESSON PLANS

Transition

Use time Variety

Easy to follow

Precise

ANTICIPATORY SET Get class ready to learn

Motivates students

Hint to the theme

PREPARING A LP

First, think what you want to teach

you will need to develop clear and specific objectives at the beginning

You would probably

find out exactly what materials you are going to use later, however, they should be shown early in your LP

At this point you need to write step by step procedures that will be performed to reach each of the above mentioned objectives.

Just you start moving on to the assessment phase you should be prepared to create some sort of closure for the LP

You may want to provide your students with timefor independent practice

Teacher is unavailable

Student’s practice learning on their own

Now you want to write your

assessment/evaluation

You should make different direction for students with learning disabilities and extension for others

It is a really good idea for you to include a Connections section which really shows how the LP could be integrated with other subjects

SO THE LP TEMPLATE IS… LP Title Topic to Teach Standards Addressed General Goal(s) Specific Objectives

Required Materials Anticipatory Set Step by Step Procedure Plan for Independent Practice

Closure

LEARNING OUTCOMES Cognitive Outcomes: Intellectual

outcomes. They involve the application of facts, theories and concepts.

Psychomotor Outcomes: They describe skills the learner develops (Physical).

Affective Outcomes: They describe feelings and attitudes which shape our behavior towards people, work and our world (behavioral).

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

2 way Q and A- Ongoing

CLOSURE

Bring lesson to an end

Review key points

Tie everything together

EVALUATION / REFLECTION

• Use to assess students knowledge

• Provides grades for report cards

• Keeps parents updated

Teachers need to answer some questions to evaluate the LP

Are there specific language objectives?

Do the subject matters fit into previous lesson and known ability of your students?

Is the cognitive demand on

students too high or too low?

Does the lesson use whatever previous knowledge and experience students might already possess about the subject?

Have the input and materials been made comprehensible?

Is there sufficient use of visuals?

Does the lesson take into account students’ native language and culture?

Have the 4 skills been integrated into the lesson?

Do materials and activities take into account the learning styles of students?

Is there sufficient time for pre-activities?

Is there enough time for students to ask questions and interact with materials and other students.

Is there built in formal and informal assessment procedures?

CONCLUSION Aims, concepts, contexts and marker sentences are some of the elements that should be considered carefully by the teacher when planning a lesson. When these are clearly established it is much easier to ensure that the lesson being presented to the students is clear and appropriate.