lesson1_materialproperties

8/13/2019 Lesson1_MaterialProperties

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Lesson 1


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application

design of components

material protection (from corrosion, damage,

etc.)


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1. Physical properties

2. Mechanical properties

3. Chemical properties


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colourlight wave length

specific heatthe heat required to raise the

temperature of one gram of a substance by one

degree centigrade (J/kg K)


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densitymass per unit volume expressed in

such units as kg/cm3

thermal conductivity

rate at which heat

flows through a given material (W/m K)


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melting pointa temperature at which a solid

begins to liquify

electrical conductivity

a measure of how

strongly a material opposes the flow of electric

current (m)


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coefficient of thermal expansiondegree of

expansion divided by the change in

temperature (m/C)


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tensile strengthmeasures the force required

to pull something such as rope,wire or a

structural beam to the point where it breaks

ductilitya measure of how much strain a

material can take before rupturing


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malleabilitythe property of a material that

can be worked or hammered or shaped without

breaking

brittlenessbreaking or shattering of a

material when subjected to stress (when force

is applied to it)


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elasticitythe property of a material that

returns to its original shape after stress (e.g.

external forces) that made it deform or distort

is removed

plasticity- the deformation of a material

undergoing non-reversible changes of shape inresponse to applied forces


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toughnessthe ability of a material to absorb

energy and plastically deform without

fracturing

hardnessthe property of being rigid and

resistant to pressure; not easily scratched


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machinabilitythe property of a material that

can be shaped by hammering, pressing, rolling


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corrosion resistance - a material's ability to

resist deterioration caused by exposure to an

environment


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Material Properties

aluminium

rubber

ceramics

steel

copper

lead

nylon

cast iron

wood


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Material Properties

aluminium lightness ; strength

rubber elasticity ; insulation

ceramics thermal resistivity

steel strength

copper conductivity ; corrosion resistance

lead high density; ductility

nylon strength ; toughness

cast iron damping capacity

wood insulation ; environmental friendliness


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Material Application

aluminium

rubber

ceramics

steel

copper

lead

nylon

cast iron

wood


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gold - 19300 kg/m3

uranium - 19100 kg/m3

lead - 11340 kg/m3

steel - 7800 kg/m3


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Material Conductivity

silver 63 x 106S/m (1/ohm)

copper

59.6 x 106S/m (1/ohm)gold

45.2 x 106S/m (1/ohm)

aluminium 37.8 x 106S/m (1/ohm)


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Material Specific resistance

polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 1020ohmglass 1014ohmrubber 1013ohm


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lesson1_materialproperties

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