lessons learned from past notable disasters algeria part 3: earthquakes
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ALGERIA PART 3: EARTHQUAKES. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . ALGERIA. TECTONIC PLATES. ALGERIA: AFRICA—EURASIA COLLISION. MODERATE TO HIGH RISK. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN ALGERIA. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS
ALGERIAPART 3: EARTHQUAKES
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
ALGERIA
TECTONIC PLATES
ALGERIA: AFRICA—EURASIA COLLISION
MODERATE TO HIGH RISK
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN ALGERIADISASTERS IN ALGERIA
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN ALGERIADISASTERS IN ALGERIA
FLOODS
WINDSTORMS
EARTHQUAKES
LANDSLIDES
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT
HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT
GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES
GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES
Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters
Planet Earth’s heat flow and lithospheric interactions cause EARTHQUAKES
A DISASTER is ---
--- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., earthquakes, cyclones,..) intersect at a point in space and time.
Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause
extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness,
joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is UN-PREPARED for what will happen
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and
infrastructure are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or
WARNING SYSTEM in place
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND to the full spectrum of emergency situations.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction
because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either this experience or the prior experiences.
TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALGERIA’S ALGERIA’S COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
ALGERIA’S ALGERIA’S COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
EARTHQUAKE RISK EARTHQUAKE RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
QUAKE DISASTER QUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•FORECASTS/SCENARIOS•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF EARTHQUAKE ELEMENTS OF EARTHQUAKE RISKRISK
ELEMENTS OF EARTHQUAKE ELEMENTS OF EARTHQUAKE RISKRISK
EXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSURE
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION
RISKRISKRISKRISK
WHAT WILL HAPPEN?EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
(AKA THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
WHAT WILL HAPPEN?EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
(AKA THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
EARTHQUAKEHAZARDS MODEL
EARTHQUAKEHAZARDS MODEL
SEISMICITYSEISMICITY TECTONICSETTING &
FAULTS
TECTONICSETTING &
FAULTS
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
EARTHQUAKE
TSUNAMI
GROUND
SHAKING
FAULT RUPTURE
FOUNDATION FAILURE
SITE AMPLIFICATION
LIQUEFACTION
LANDSLIDES
AFTERSHOCKS
SEICHE
DAMAGE/LOSSDAMAGE/LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/LOSSDAMAGE/LOSS
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND
FAILURE)
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES
LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES
TSUNAMIS TSUNAMIS
INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS
FLOODING
INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL EVACUATION
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTH-QUAKES PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL OF THE LIKELY EARTH-QUAKE HAZARDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
EXPOSUREMODEL
EXPOSUREMODEL
LOCATION OF STRUCTURE
LOCATION OF STRUCTURE
IMPORTANCE AND VALUE OF
STRUCTURE AND CONTENTS
IMPORTANCE AND VALUE OF
STRUCTURE AND CONTENTS
VULNERABILITYMODEL
VULNERABILITYMODEL
QUALITY OF DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
QUALITY OF DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
ADEQUACY OF LATERAL-FORCE
RESISTING SYSTEM
ADEQUACY OF LATERAL-FORCE
RESISTING SYSTEM
UNREINFO
RCED MASO
NRY, BRIC
K OR S
TONE
REINFORCED C
ONCRETE WIT
H UNREIN
FORCED WALLS
INTENSITYINTENSITY
REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH REINFORCEDWALLS
STEEL FRAME
ALL METAL & WOOD FRAME
VV VIVI VIIVII VIIIVIII IXIX
3535
3030
2525
2020
1515
1010
55
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MEA
N D
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AG
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O
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CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HAVE DIFFERENT VULNERABILITIES TO GROUND
SHAKING
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HAVE DIFFERENT VULNERABILITIES TO GROUND
SHAKING
HIGH POTENTIAL LOSS EXPOSURES IN AN EARTHQUAKE
A communities people, property, essential and critical infrastructure, business enterprise, and government centers
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTH-QUAKES BUILDING CODES AND LIFELINE STANDARDS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTH-QUAKES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALGERIA’S NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
M7.3 EL ASNAM (CHLEF): OCTOBER 10, 1980
M6.8 BOUMERDES: MAY 21, 2003
BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE
BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE
• LOCATION: approximately 60 km east of the capital, Algiers.
• The quake was the strongest to hit Algeria since 1980, when the M7.3 El Asnam (renamed as the Chlef earthquake) occurred.
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE
Many nations sent teams to assist in the search and rescue efforts
and/or contributed financial resources
IMPACTS
• 2,266 people were killed, 10,261 injured, and 200,000 left homeless
• 400 were killed in Algiers alone
IMPACTS
• The Boumerdes Province and the eastern side of Algiers experienced the worst damage.
BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE
IMPACTS
• In the Algiers Province, 554 schools suffered light damage, 330 schools received moderate damage, and 11 were heavily damaged or completely destroyed
IMPACTS
• The University of Science and Technology in Bab Ezzouar, which has the largest university campus in Algeria, was among the damaged schools
IMPACTS
• More than 1,243 buildings were completely or partially destroyed
• Infrastructure (roads and bridges) was damaged in Algiers, Bourmerdes, Reghaia, and Thenia
IMPACTS
• A localized tsunami damaged boats off the coast of the Balearic Islands
ALGERIA’S CHLEF EARTHQUAKE
(M7.3)
October 10, 1980
LOCATION: 200 KM WEST OF ALGIERS
Generated on a thrust fault marking the collision of the African and Eurasia plates
THE CHLEF EARTHQUAKE GROUND SHAKING MAP
DAMAGE
DAMAGE
IMPACTS
• DESTROYED: The town's main hospital, a big department store, the central mosque, a girls' school and two housing complexes
• 3,500 DEAD and 300,000 people left homeless
With the assistance of UNESCO’s Earth Science
Division and experts from the USA and other nations,
Algeria developed a state-of-the-art seismic zonation
strategy for reconstruction
THE NEXT EARTHQUAKE IS INEVITABLE
THE NEXT EARTHQUAKE IS INEVITABLE
• EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE IS NOT AN IMPOSSIBLE DREAM!