lessons learned from past notable disasters russia part 5: wildfires walter hays, global alliance...
TRANSCRIPT
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS
RUSSIAPART 5: WILDFIRES
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
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Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters
Planet Earth’s atmospheric-hydrospheric-lithospheric interactions cause:
W\ilefires
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RUSSIA
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Russia, the largest country in the world, and the only one
surrounded by twelve seas and spread out on two continents,
has wildernesses—urban interfaces at risk from
wildfires.
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NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN RUSSIADISASTERS IN RUSSIA
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN RUSSIADISASTERS IN RUSSIA
FLOODS
WINDSTORMS
EARTHQUAKES
WILDFIRES
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT
HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT
GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES
GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES
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SCIENCE OF WILDFIRES
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WILDFIRES are conflagrations caused by
lightning discharges (or acts of man) in wilderness areas close enough to one or more urban interfaces that they threaten
people, property, infrastructure, and business enterprise.
WILDFIRES are conflagrations caused by
lightning discharges (or acts of man) in wilderness areas close enough to one or more urban interfaces that they threaten
people, property, infrastructure, and business enterprise.
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THE WILDERNESS AREAS typically contain national forests, national parks, or resorts, and the adjacent urban areas typically contain large, expensive homes and, some times, government centers.
THE WILDERNESS AREAS typically contain national forests, national parks, or resorts, and the adjacent urban areas typically contain large, expensive homes and, some times, government centers.
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ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER
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HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF WILDFIRE RISK ELEMENTS OF WILDFIRE RISK ELEMENTS OF WILDFIRE RISK ELEMENTS OF WILDFIRE RISK
EXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSURE
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION
RISKRISKRISKRISK
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THE WILDFIRE HAZARDS
ARE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS
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WILDFIRE HAZARDS (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• FIRE
• HOT GASES AND SMOKE
• HOT SPOTS
• BURNED OUT SLOPES (with increased susceptibility to insect infestation, erosion, and landslides)
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WILDFIRE HAZARDS (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• SUNDOWNER WINDS
• LOCAL CHANGES IN AIR QUALITY
• LOCAL CHANGES IN WEATHER CAUSED BY A CONFLAGATION
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A DISASTER CAN HAPPENWHEN THE
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A WILDFIRE INTERACT WITH
THE WILDERNESS--URBAN INTERFACES OF RUSSIA’S
COMMUNITIES
A DISASTER CAN HAPPENWHEN THE
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A WILDFIRE INTERACT WITH
THE WILDERNESS--URBAN INTERFACES OF RUSSIA’S
COMMUNITIES
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LIGHTNING STRIKES
WILDFIRESWILDFIRES
MANMADE FIRES
PROXIMITY OF URBAN AREA TO THE WILDLAND FIRE
WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION (DAY/NIGHT)
DRYNESS
HIGH TEMPERATURES
LOCAL FUEL SUPPLY
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
DISASTER LABORATORIES
DISASTER LABORATORIES
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A DISASTER is ---
--- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., wildfires, earthquakes,..) intersect at a point in space and time.
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Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause
extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness,
joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.
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THE REASONS ARE . . .
• When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure will be LOST because they are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards.
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THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence—high-probability of adverse consequences event.
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THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.
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THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.
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THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.
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RUSSIA HAS SOME OF PLANET EARTH’S NOTABLE “WILDFIRE
LABORATORIES”
EACH WILDFIRE PROVIDES VALUABLE LESSONS FOR BECOMING
WILDFIRE DISASTER RESILIENT
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RUSSIAN PRESIDENT MEDVEDEV DECLARES STATE
OF EMERGENCY
600 WILDFIRES KILL 34 AND BURN 309,000 ACRES IN 7 REGIONS
JULY 29 – AUGUST 13, 2010
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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WILDFIRES PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL OF THE LIKELY HAZARDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
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Wildfires happen in Russia about once every 30 to 40
years, so Russian communities generally lack
readiness capability for fighting a wildfire.
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The hottest temperatures in 130 years across much of
western and central Russia topped 35 degrees C (95 F)
during a 5-week period, causing 19 peat bog fires and
creating conditions that exacerbated wildfires and
drought.
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On July 29, forests in the Moscow region's Kolomna
district caught fire.
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600 WILDFIRES WERE BURNING IN 7 REGIONS
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14 regions were declared an emergency situation and
nearly 86,000 people were evacuated.
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The fires destroyed more than 1,800 homes, leaving
nearly 5,000 people homeless.
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Several villages in the Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh
and Ryazan regions were reduced to ashes.
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PRIME MINISTER PUTIN: “VILLAGES TO BE REBUILT BEFORE WINTER”
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Russia deployed nearly a quarter of a million people (comprised of the military,
professionals, and volunteers) and 25,000 pieces of equipment
(including planes and helicopters) to fight the fires.
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STRONG WINDS AND 32 C – 42 C TEMPERATURES HINDERED FIREFIGHTING
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VORONEZH WILDFIRE
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ONE OF 14,000 FIREFIGHTERS: VORONEZH FIRE
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MOSCOW IN SMOKE:AUGUST 6
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Moscow was veiled in acrid smoke from the fires, causing landmarks to
disappear from view and commuters to hold
handkerchiefs to their faces
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Russia received help from the following countries: France,
Germany, Italy, Poland, Turkey, and the USA, as well
as from former Soviet Republics: Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and
Ukraine.
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The USA delivered firefighting
equipment (valued at $2.5 million (euro 2 million)) and
the State of California contributed fire-protective
clothing.
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RUSSIA’S NEXT WILDFIRE IS INEVITABLE
RUSSIA’S NEXT WILDFIRE IS INEVITABLE
• ---SO, DON’T WAIT FOR ANOTHER REMINDER OF THE IMPORTANCE OF BECOMING WILDFIRE DISASTER RESILIENT..
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THE ALTERNATIVE TO A WILDFIRE DISASTER IS
WILDFIRE DISASTER RESILIENCE
THE ALTERNATIVE TO A WILDFIRE DISASTER IS
WILDFIRE DISASTER RESILIENCE
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RUSSIA’S RUSSIA’S COMMINITIESCOMMINITIES
RUSSIA’S RUSSIA’S COMMINITIESCOMMINITIES
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
• WILDFIRE HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
WILDFIRE RISK WILDFIRE RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
WILDFIRE DISASTER WILDFIRE DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•FORECASTS/SCENARIOS•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
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DISASTER RESILIENCE STRATEGIES FOR WILDFIRES
DISASTER RESILIENCE STRATEGIES FOR WILDFIRES
• PURPOSE
• PROTECTION
• THREAT IDENTIFICATION; WARNING
• PURPOSE
• PROTECTION
• THREAT IDENTIFICATION; WARNING
• TECHNIQUE
• FIRE RETARDANT MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION
• REMOTE SENSING;
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
• TECHNIQUE
• FIRE RETARDANT MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION
• REMOTE SENSING;
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WILDFIRES TECHNOLOGIES THAT FACILITATE THREAT IDENTI-FICATION FOR SMART COUNTER-MEASURES IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
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THREAT IDENTIFICATION:
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THREAT IDENTIFICATION:
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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WILDFIRES PREPAREDNESS FOR
ALL THE LIKELY WILDFIRE HAZARDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WILDFIRES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE