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Lessons Learned from Scaling Cookstove Programmes

Micro Perspectives from Decentralized Energy Supply

The Complexity of Cleaner Cookstoves: Challenges Ranging from Improving Livelihoods to

Managing Carbon Credits

Berlin, March 1st, 2013

Monika Rammelt

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH

Programme for Poverty-Oiented Basic Energy Services (HERA)

Seite 2 Unternehmenspräsentation 2012 26.03.2013

Supporting local value chains (production, marketing, sales, quality control, changing user

behaviour) of low-cost woodfuel and charcoal stoves with considerable efficiency

improvements (savings of up to 60 % of biomass fuel)

First projects started 1980

GIZ has 30 years of experience in cooking energy interventions

Currently, interventions in more than 20 countries

(focus Africa)

Energising Development (EnDev) as largest

project (Partnership financed by Dutch, Norwegian,

Australian, British, Swiss, German Governments) –

provision of sustainable access to improved cooking

energy to 7.39 million people; commercial

distribution of > 740,000 stoves in 2012 alone

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Adaption of technology according to local cooking habits and user needs

MIRT Stove

Ethiopia

Rocket Stove

Malawi

Inkawasi Stove

Peru

Roumdé Stove

Burkina Faso

Mud Rocket Stove

Uganda

Sakkanal Stove

Senegal

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50 USD 80 USD

50-100 USD

Accounting for users‘ needs, ability and willingness to pay – Malawi

20 USD 1 USD

8 USD

200 – 300 USD

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Fostering dynamic, sustainable markets for improved artisanal products

Overall

Policy advise – improvement of regulatory framework conditions and enabling

environment for market growth

Monitoring – improving the evidence base of baseline conditions, outcomes and

impacts for continuous adaptation of project approaches

Supply side

Technology R & D

Capacity building of producers (technical

and business skills)

Optimization of production process

Quality control and assurance

Fostering financing for local businesses

Demand side

Awareness creation, sensitization

and changing user perception on:

• Benefits (health, economic,

social), quality and availability of

new technology

• Ensuring after sales services

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Lesson No. 1 a) Biomass remains the main energy source especially for rural and low income HHs*

b) Woodfuel and charcoal stoves remain necessary and can be a viable solution

Users aspire cookstoves with the following features

• Convenience and adaptation according to prevalent cooking habits

• Efficiency (saving time and resources)

• Attraction of design

• Affordability

• Access to after-sales-service (repair and replacements) *This does not mean that biogas, vegetable oil, ethanol, solar thermal, LPG, kerosene or electric cookers are not an option, but often they are out of reach for

the rural poor

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Lesson No. 2 Sustainable introduction of cookstoves is only possible through the creation of a

dynamic market

• Moving away from subsidized distribution and self-help non-commercial production

approaches to the development of commercial value chains and market creation

• Focus on setting up viable businesses in the target countries, support for in-country

production

• Focus on long-term solutions that reach scale to guarantee self-perpetuation of market

instead of short-term ad hoc mass distribution of highly subsidized products

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Lesson No. 3 The enhancement of local markets has many socio-economic benefits

• Establishment of local facilities for repair and quality control of stoves

• Enhancement of local know how and capacities (both technical and entrepreneurial)

• Increase of in-country employment rate through job creation

• Lowering import and foreign currency dependency

• Possibility of stove adaptation to local cooking habits

Stove Production in Ethiopia

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Lesson No. 4 Monitoring, quality control and after-sales support are crucial for ensuring sustainability

• Development of quality standards

• Setting up independent control mechanisms

• Monitoring has to cover more than merely counting stoves….

• Penetration rate

• Usage

• Maintenance

• Replacement

• …and allow for learning cycles – adaptation of implementation strategy

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Lesson No. 5 Changing cooking habits requires time and efforts

• Workload, smoke, decreasing resources are not seen as primary

problems in low income households. Constant and long-term

awareness raising is needed.

• Cooking habits vary from region to region and require different

products: there is no one-fits-all stove. Research and

technology adaptation is necessary.

• Clean cooking is a function of four elements:

1. clean burning fuel,

2. clean burning stove,

3. ventilation,

4. user behavior

• Sustainable project interventions have to tackle all four aspects Injera Baking in Ethiopia – traditional

and improved

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Lesson No. 6 A global programme permits efficient up-scaling

• Cross country exchange of experience allows for

accelerated improvements of concepts

• Performance-based allocation of funds among country

interventions – creates productive competition

• High cost effectiveness, reduction transaction costs

program Costs for providing access to improved

cookstoves : <5 EUR/person

Stoves in Burkina Faso and Kenya

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Challenges ahead

• Changing market dynamics and new players

• Implications of carbon market development

• New types of actors involved in cookstove dissemination

• Technological advancement vs. affordability and local productability

• Harmonization of donor activities, esp. in the light of global initiatives

• Transparent monitoring to avoid double counting

• Monitoring of stove usage instead of mere counting stoves produced/sold

• Sustainability of distribution, replacement

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Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale

Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) GmbH

HERA – Poverty-Oriented Basic Energy Services

Monika.rammelt@giz.de

www.giz.de/hera

Thank you for your attention

Rocket Stove in Malawi