lessons on best practice for climate smart agriculture from agriculture and rural development day...
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Synthesis of key lessons and messages from Agriculture and Rural Development Day, held in Durban on 3 December 2011 in Durban, South Africa.TRANSCRIPT
Lessons on best prac-ce for climate smart agriculture from ARDD 3
Presented by James Nyoro Managing Director, Africa Region, Rockefeller Founda6on
Today at ARDD 2011
1. The Challenges 2. Who is most at risk? 3. What climate smart agriculture delivers: • Resilience • Food Security and Incomes • GHG Reduc-on
4. How to make the investments and policy changes to take climate smart agriculture to scale
5. Respond to the call for ac-on -‐the whiskey boOle on the table
Photo credits: Palmer/CIAT
The Challenges • Weather: $7.5 billion lost to extreme events in 2010 • Waste: 1.3 billion tonnes of food wasted each year • Water: 884 million people lack clean water • Land: 1.5 billion depend on degrading land • Poverty: 1.4 billion live on <$1.25/day • Hunger: 1 billion are hungry • Over consump-on: 1 billion obese • Future: How to feed extra 1 billion people by 2025 • Climate change: Makes this all harder Over 20% of food purchased in
developed countries is wasted
Millions of people have no access to clean water & electricity
Photo credits: 1. Howle>/University of Leeds – 2. Anon
Who is most at risk?
Smallholders and Rural communi-es
• Every year climate-‐related disasters affect >200 million people cos-ng over $70 billion
• 87% of households in 3 SA countries slide in and out of hunger when exposed to shocks
• Shocks (drought/disease) increase vulnerability and asset ownership at household level
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Ethiopia children born in disaster are 41% more likely to be stunted
90% of economic losses in Africa are from droughts, floods, and storms
Photo credits: 1. Howle>/University of Leeds – 2. Scripture/World food Programme
What is climate smart agriculture
• Sustains the health of the land and increases produc-vity
• Does not pollute, degrade land or loss of forests and biodiversity
• Delivers food, fibre, fuel, incomes, nutri-on, carbon sequestra-on and reduces GHG emissions
Farmers produce what we need
Farmer in Burkina Faso with good harvest using plan6ng pits
Photo credits: 1. CGIAR Challenge Programme on Water and Food 2. CIMMYT
• Niger >5 million ha regenerated 500,000 tonnes of cereals per year, beneficng 1.25 million
• Evergreen agriculture improves yields by
30-‐150% • 160,000 Zambian farmers are using
conserva-on agriculture • Burkina Faso farmers are using water
harves-ng to restore land and increase yields • Denmark has reduced agriculture emissions by
54% since 1990 and increased produc-on.
Evidence of Success in CSA
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Faidherbia parklands in Niger
CA has doubled Sinoya Phiri's yields in Zambia
Photo credits: 1. ICRAF – 2. Bafana/IPS
Is science enough?
• Integra-ng local and scien-fic knowledge is a essen-al for weather forecasts to be used by farmers
• WMO ac-vely working with pastoralists
• In Tanzania under a project 95% of farmers used weather informa-on by using science & local knowledge
• There is evidence for demand – in a survey 80% of Kenyan farmers said they would pay for informa-on
Ethiopian woman reading rain gauge
Photos credits: 1. Rambaldi/CTA – 2. Oxfam America
Farmers using par6cipatory methods to integrate local and scien6fic knowledge
Partnerships maOer
• Climate smart agriculture produces climate smart products -‐ labels can take these to markets
• Dryland Seed Ltd is using seed from the KARI to produce and distribute drought resistance maize Ø 1800 farmers and 800 agro-‐dealers trained in seed mul-plica-on
Photo credits: 1. Cafédirect -‐ 2. Dryland Seed Ltd/CIMMYT/KARI/AGRA
Ruth Musila used drought resistant maize and did not lose her crop
Cafédirect products
Markets maOer
• Linking carbon financing to reduce barriers that restrict farmers’ opportuni-es
• Partnerships can remove obstacles to input/output markets, and enhance smallholder investment
Danish farmers are producing 20% of the country’s renewable energy
Photos: and Elverfeldt/Zagst/FAO
Markets and crucial to the lives of women in Tanzania
Reducing risks
• $1 invested in insurance-‐for-‐work results in at least three -mes the value in Ethiopia
• This has led to uptake from 200 to 13,000 HH in three years and has paid out to 1,800 HH
• Index based insurance to 80,000 smallholder farmers in Mali and Burkina Faso
Armyworms are a major pest and risk to farmers – insurance can reduce risk
Photo credits: 1. World Bank – 2. Mushobozi
When drought hits safety nets help build the resilience of communi6es
Mi-ga-on funding – the icing on the cake?
• Its best to focus funds on increasing yields rather than cash payments
• 2500 farmers adopted in Kenya without cash incen-ves
• Extension services need to work!
• Kenyan farmers have seen yields increase by 15-‐30%, and >20,000 farmers are prac-cing climate smart agriculture Ø We have the methods to do this verified
by VCS that can be scaled up
• Carbon financing needs to be augmented Kenyan farmers are already benefi6ng from mi6ga6on funding
Photos: World Food Programme
Terraces and compos6ng deliver higher yields and sequester carbon
Gecng Policy and Finance Right • Voice of the communi-es must be given opportunity to influence policy
• Water policies need to shiq towards small-‐scale technologies
• Policies should be designed for the smallholders, risk reduc-on and the landscape
• Climate financing needs to work for smallholders and be combined with private & public financing
• Involvement of commercial banks & insurers are key to increase finance
• Extension services!
We need to give voice to people like Tekleweini Girmay and her family
Photos: Jansson/Oxfam America and Howle>/University of Leeds
Climate smart means landscape smart
Our Ac-ons
• Use evidence on what works to: Ø Help change agriculture policies Ø Develop climate smart agriculture programmes
Ø Invest in climate smart agriculture
Ø Work with others to deliver change (e.g. Forestry)
Ø Undertake new research informed by CSA smart progress indicators
Photo credits: Palmer/CIAT
Its up to us
We need to get to the safe space
Regional ac-on
• Example of Africa: – AU/NEPAD climate smart agriculture under CAADP
– RECs: e.g. COMESA work on conserva-on agriculture
– Tanzania Kilimo Kwanza – Focussed research thro’ sub-‐regional research orgs
Kenyan farmers using Moneymaker pump for more sustainable agriculture
Irriga6on
Global ac-on
• Agriculture and food security central to UNFCCC agreements
• Agriculture at the heart of green growth and Rio+20
• G20 to increase focus on food security and climate smart agriculture
Photos: ICRAF and
Mexico 2012
Thank you!