ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING BFC 32403

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERINGBFC 32403EFFECT OF FLOOD TOWARDS WATER SUPPLYGROUP : LESTARISECTION : 1

INTRODUCTIONWater supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organizations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes. Irrigation is covered separately.

There are two water sources used regularly .1) Groundwater - shallow wells - deep wells2) Surface water - rivers - lakes - reservoirs

EFFECT OF FLOOD TOWARDS WATER SUPPLYAccording to World Health Organization (WHO), the major risk factor for outbreaks associated with flooding is the contamination of drinking water facilities. As water supply is severely affected by flooding, the risk of spreading of water borne and fatal diseases increase during flood period.Generally the impacts of flood on water sources are inundation of water sources including tube-wells, ponds and channels by contaminated flood water, disruption of access to safe water sources and deteriorated quality of water due to pollution and high level of bacteriological contamination.

Moreover, the pH value of water supply from open wells show more deviation from the WHO limit.The explanation for this is the effect of the submergence of these open wells by the flood which carried many acidic and chemical compounds in solution and deposited inside these open water sources. pH is a water quality parameter which is used to evaluate the level of acidity or alkalinity of drinking water.

In addition, flood causes bad quality water for drinking because its turbidity is high.Effect of flood towards water supply also related to chloride content, nitrate level, sulfate level, calcium and magnesium content, and total coliform bacteria.The hefty flooding and increased precipitation increased the occurrences of total coliform bacteria in water.

SOLUTION Measures with tube-well (mainly three measures): The tube-wells have been set on raised base do not sink during flood. Cementing the base so that polluted floodwater cannot enter inside the tube-well.Height of tube-wells, those sunk during a flood, has been increased, using a pipe. Storing of drinking water in containers. Disinfection of water.Water purifying pill was used to keep the tube well water safe.Boiling of floodwater before use.Use alum with floodwater before use

For Public Drinking Water Systems

Keep Water Out Secure Water and Chemical Storage Tanks / Safeguard Chemical Supplies Surface Water Intake Preparation

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