let us look at the basic reaction of an alcohol with a strong oxidising agent
TRANSCRIPT
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Let us look at the basic reaction of an alcohol with a strong oxidising agent.
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The oxidising agent can be shown as [O].
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The square brackets mean that oxygen is not present as an atom but is supplied during the reaction.
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Two hydrogen atoms are lost from the alcohol molecule, forming a carbonyl group, C=O.
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The organic product can be an aldehyde or a ketone, depending on whether a primary or a secondary alcohol has been oxidised.
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Propan-1-ol is a primary alcohol.
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What happens when it is oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?
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During the reaction, the orange potassium dichromate(VI) solution changes to a green solution that contains chromium(III) ions.
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An aldehyde is formed when a primary alcohol is oxidised. Here, propanal is formed from propan-1-ol.
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Water is also formed in the reaction.
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If the primary alcohol is oxidised using distillation apparatus, the aldehyde distils off and is not oxidised further to a carboxylic acid.
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Propan-1-ol is a primary alcohol.
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Aldehydes are formed when primary alcohols are oxidised at room temperature or using distillation.
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Something different happens when an excess of oxidising agent is used at high temperature.
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The primary alcohol is oxidised to form an aldehyde, which is oxidised further to form a carboxylic acid.
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Water is also formed in the reaction.
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If a primary alcohol is oxidised under reflux with excess oxidising agent, the aldehydeformed is oxidised to form a carboxylic acid.
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Propan-2-ol is a secondary alcohol.
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What happens when it is oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?
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During the reaction, the orange potassium dichromate(VI) solution changes to a green solution that contains chromium(III) ions.
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A ketone is formed when a secondary alcohol is oxidised. Here, propanone is formed from propan-2-ol.
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Water is also formed in the reaction.
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Tertiary alcohols, like 2-methylpropan-2-ol, cannot be oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate(VI).
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Tertiary alcohols, like 2-methylpropan-2-ol, cannot be oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate(VI).