let's lecture less 2012 edition, color 78 pages clark sweller and kirschner

7/31/2019 Let's Lecture Less 2012 Edition, COLOR 78 Pages CLARK SWELLER and KIRSCHNER

1/96

@kur@kbu{wk

@krr

D rcawu gaam an t{aukr

doe ballkoudwjkr

nwal d H{jek Ao Uck Rjek

Ruk~k LbBwkdH{jekaouckRjek/bal

xjuc Ldwja I/ @`awkouk @kz~d

Ekoojr Z{ykodr, aok an lz nd~awjuk h{jekr ao uck rjek

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal4
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


2/96

Ucjr rcawu gaam xj`` hj~k za{ uck krrkobk an uck H{jek ao uck Rjek vcjàravcz/Za{ bdo vcauabavz ucjr gaam/

Za{ bdo hku uck kgaam doe rcdwk ju/ Ha ua xxx/Rbwjge/bal!uckkgaamldo doe àam naw@kur @kbu{wk @krr 7647 kejujao/ Eaxoàde uck nwkk kgaam doe kldj` ju ua nwjkoer doe

ba``kdh{kr/ Aw wkt{kru uck kgaam gz xwjujoh ua UckKgaamldoFhldj`/bal/

B`jbm ao uck `jomr jo uck `jru an xkgrjukr doe rjho {v naw joukwkrujoh ldukwjd`r/Hj~k ucjr gaam #rkoe uck kgaam* ua nwjkoer, ukdbckwr, ru{ekour doe ejwkbuawr an rbcaa`r/

Za{ bdo gk vdwu an uck uwdornawldujao/ Xcz oau vcauabavz doe v{u {v uck varukwr du uck koean ucjr gaam1

Uck v{wvark an ucjr gaam jr ua9

d* Hj~k za{ t{aukr ua rujl{`duk za{w uca{hcur,

g* Duuwdbu `jmkljoeke vkav`k uahkuckw ucwa{hc uck Joukwoku,b* Jouwae{bk za{ ua H{jekAoUckRjek/bal doee* Uwdornawl rbcaa`r/

Njoe uck Ndbkgaam vdhk H{jek ao uck Rjek/

Uckwk dwk ~jekar ua r{vvawu uck lkrrdhk an uck gaam/ Njoe uckl duza{u{gk/bal!^jr{d`DoeDbuj~k doe za{u{gk/bal!dh{jekaouckrjek/

Ucjr jr d oaovwanju knnawu/ Doz laokz ldek gz rk``joh uck gaam xj`` gk v{u gdbm jouaeaodujaor an uck gaam/ Ucjr gaam xdr vwjouke ucwa{hc @{`{/bal doe uck vwjbk xdr rk`kbukeua wdjrk ;6 bkour vkw gaam, koa{hc ua ba~kw uck baru an g{zjoh uxa uwkkr #d eaodujao uaxxx/UwkkrNawUckN{u{wk/awh, d`ra bd``ke xxx/V`douUwkkr/awh*/

V`kdrk ba``dgawduk ua rvwkde ucjr gaam doe jur lkrrdhk/ Bwkduj~k Ballaor9Rcdwk ucjr gaam doe ldmk ju b`kdw xckwk za{ hau uck vcauar doe ballkoudwjkr/

Bavzwjhcu 7647 gz Ruk~k LbBwkd/ D`ra d~dj`dg`k jo vwjou, v{g`jrcke ao BwkdukRvdbk/bal Eaou g{z uck gaam9 Drm naw d vcauabavz doe hku uck kgaam gz xwjujoh uaUckKgaamldoFhldj`/balJRGO,429 :83,458:7>5;;4

JRGO,469 458:7>5;;;

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3/96

Ucjr t{audujao jorvjwke lk ua balvj`k ucjr gaam/

J ekbjeke ua ruav `kbu{wjohrk~kwd` zkdwr dha doe lzru{ekour cd~k gkko dbuj~k doekohdhke jo b`drr k~kw rjobk/ G{uaobk jo d xcj`k J r`jv gdbm jouaucdu `kbu{wjoh cdgju, doe uckljo{uk J ea, lz ru{ekour d`ra

r`jv gdbm joua ucdu ru{vaw ucduldek lk dgdoeao uck vwdbujbkjo uck njwru v`dbk/Idlkr Y{` #7667*, Uck Dwu an Bcdohjoh uck Gwdjo, vdhk478

Ra, xk cd~k ua bwkduk d okx ljoerku dga{u Xcdu cdvvkor jo d b`drrwaal1

Ua gkhjo, `kur `kbu{wk `krr/



4/96



5/96

Udg`k an Baoukour

4T{aukr

7Uck koe an `kbu{wjoh@kur ruav rvkdmjoh ua k~kwzaok du uck rdlk ujlk

2Uck Rmj``n{` [rk an @kbu{wkrGz Ldwja Iak` @àwkouk

5Uko Vajour

;Hàgd` Rmj``r

>Ck`v do Aè Ldo #jo~juk d n{u{wk aè ldo ua rvkdm du za{w rbcaa`* xjuc ldoz varukwr

Ralkujlkr uck gkru uksugaam jr d ldhdyjok/

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal;


6/96

4

T{aukr

Uck t{aukr ldwmke xjuc dvcawjrl) dwk anuko ksbcdohke gkuxkko ukdbckwr/ Za{w ck`v jrokkeke ua njoe a{u xca rdje uckl njwru/ T{aukr dwk jo Ck`~kujbd #oaorkwjn* naou/

Uck ukdbckw an uck n{u{wk jr d H[JEK ao uck

RJEK, oau d rdhk ao uck rudhk/Dvcawjrl)

Ru{ekour jo d rabjd` ru{ejkr b`drr jo Gdm Ljee`k Rbcaa` an uck Dwur, Xkru Vd`l Gkdbc,N`awjed/ J xdubcke Ekoojr Z{ykodr dbu dr d h{jek ao uck rjek #vcauar jo ucjr gaam balk

nwal ~jrjur jo 766:7644*/

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal>


7/96

Ke{bdujao jr OAU uck nj``joh an d vdj`, g{u wduckwuck @JHCUJOH an d NJWK/ X/ Zkdur

Laru ru{ekour ljhcu nawhku xcdu za{ ud{hcuuckl, g{u uckz xj`` d`xdzr wklklgkw cax za{uwkduke uckl/Dvcawjrl)



8/96

J dl d gjh agrudb`k ua gwjohjoh Balv{ukwDrrjruke joruw{bujao joua uck b`drrwaal, gkbd{rk

J `a~k ua vkwnawl/ Ruk~k LbBwkdR

J ok~kw `ku rbcaa` hku jo uck xdz an lzke{bdujao/Ldwm Uxdjo

Ewj~k a{u nkdw/ X/ Kexdwer Ekljoh



9/96

Mkkv 'Ud`mjoh Ujlk' ua d ljojl{l/Dvcawjrl)

Uck hwkdukru rjho an r{bbkrr naw d ukdbckw jr uagk dg`k ua rdz, 'Uck bcj`ewko dwk oax xawmjoh dr

jn J eje oau ksjru/ Ldwjd Laoukrrawj

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal:


10/96

@kur bwkduk vkav`k xca dwk bdvdg`k an eajohokx ucjohr, oau rjlv`z an wkvkdujoh xcdu auckwhkokwdujaor cd~k eaok/ Ikdo Vjdhku

Ldoz ukdbckwr gk`jk~k ucdu uckz okke ua baouwa`cax uckz ukdbc doe cax uckz ukru/ Auckwukdbckwr okhaujduk xjuc uckjw ru{ekour xcdu uckzxj`` `kdwo, xcko uckz xj`` `kdwo ju doe cax xk xj``



11/96

bckbm ucdu uckz cd~k `kdwoke ju/ Ekoojr Z{ykodr,XcduEaZdMoax/bal

Ekoojr Z{ykodr rku {v ucjr hwkko rbwkko jo cjr b`drrwaal/ Wkballkoeke9 Hku uckbdlkwd bàrkw ua uck rvkdmkw ua jlvwa~k uck joujldbz an uck d{eja/

[ouj` xk njoe uck bcjèr vdrrjao, jur i{ru rbcaa`/

Xcko uck bcjè njoer cjr vdrrjao, xk ukdbc uaucdu vdrrjao/ Xk bdo njoe joukworcjvr naw cjhcrbcaa` ru{ekour9 Mjer rdz, J à~k ucjrjoukworcjv$ Ekoojr @juumz,xxx/LkuBkoukw/awh

http://www.metcenter.org/http://www.metcenter.org/


12/96

[onawu{oduk`z, ua laru vkav`k, ukdbcjoh jr uckhj~joh an moax`kehk/ Xcdu dwk za{ hajoh ua uk``uck ru{ekour1 Xcdu jr za{w ksvkwujrk1 G{uukdbcjoh jr wkd``z dga{u gwjohjoh a{u xcdu(rd`wkdez jorjek vkav`k/ Ekoojr @juumz, xxx/LkuBkoukw/awh

Ru{ekour udmk u{wor ldmjoh vwkrkoudujaor jo Gabd Wduao Joukwodujaod` Rbcaa`, GabdWduao, N`d/ Uck rbcaa` {rkr uck Joukwodujaod` Gdbbd`d{wkduk, xcjbc klvcdrjykr uck okke

naw vwaikbur doe ejrb{rrjaor #jga/awh doe gabdvwkv/oku*/

http://www.metcenter.org/http://www.metcenter.org/http://www.metcenter.org/http://www.metcenter.org/http://www.metcenter.org/


13/96

Jn joej~je{d`r cd~k ejnnkwkou mjoer an ljoer, xjuc~dwjke ruwkohucr, joukwkrur doe ruwdukhjkr, uckoba{`e gja`ahz, lduc doe cjruawz gk ud{hcu DOE

DRRKRRKE jo d ~dwjkuz an xdzr1 Caxdwe Hdweokw,Jouk``jhkobk Wknwdlke, v/ 4>8/

Uw{ru/ Uw{uc/ Oa V{ueaxor/ Dbuj~k @jrukojoh/Vkwraod` Gkru/Rkko ao d gdookw duxxx/OkxBjuzRbcaa`/awh, Ru/@a{jr, La/

http://www.newcityschool.org/http://www.newcityschool.org/


14/96

Uck ~azdhk an `jnk l{ru gk rkko dr dode~kou{wk/ Vkav`k `kdwo nwal ksvkwjkobkr haae, gde awjoejnnkwkou/ Dwko(u xk g`krrke xjuc gwdjor #l{bc an xcjbc xk eao(uk~ko {rk*, dwko(u xk rabjd` gkjohr #doe rkkm ua bwkduk gdwwjkwr uarkvdwduk a{wrk`~kr*1 Ralkxckwk dàoh uck `jok, uck rvjwju anksvàwdujao, ucdu g{yy an ksbjuklkou du njoejoh ralkucjoh okx, cdrhau àru/ Uck {whk ua drm t{krujaor, t{kwz k~kwzucjoh, gk rdujrnjkexjuc oaucjoh {ouj` a{w axo {obkwudjouz jr b`kdwke {v, cdr ejke jo uckh`drr/ Xcz rca{è 'de{ùr moax k~kwzucjoh' xcko ju jr vdukou`z oauuw{k, doe xcz rca{è bcjèwko cd~k uck dldyjoh nkk`joh an xjekkzkeejrba~kwkwr cdllkwke a{u an uckl jo wkhjlkouke b`drrkr ud{hcu gz

e{``, ideke ukdbckwr xjuc oa jorvjwdujao1 Jn ju(r U{kredz, ucjr l{rugk vdhk 5>/ Xcz rca{è bcjèwko gk uwkduke dr 'jhoawdou'1 Jo~koujaolkdor9 'Jn za{ bdo ldmk ju xawm, jn oagaez(r eaok ju `jmk ucdu gknawk,za{(wk do jo~kouaw$' Eao(u xk okke jo~kouawr1

Xckwk jr uck iaz an ejrba~kwz1 Uck ejrdvvajoulkouxcko ralkucjoh eakro(u xawm1 Aw rjlv`z uck Rjlvraokrt{k nkk`joh an 'Lkkc'1Xk okke d`` an uckrk, doe a{w ba``dgawduj~k rvjwju, ua uwz dhdjo, bcdohk ralkucjoh,bwkduk/

Gwkdm uck bcdjo/Jo~a`~k uck bcjèwko, ucko uck vdwkour doe uck`jgwdwjkr doe d`` uck lkejd, doe uck okjhcga{wr doe uck ukdbckwr doe uck abd`ba{obj`àwr doe uck wkvwkrkouduj~kr, Baohwkrrlko doe xalko/// Hj~k a{wrk`~kruck vwa~kwgjd` mjbm {v uck //// / Wkla~k uck n{yyz balnawu yaok doe rkkmokxokrr/ Rcdwk/ @j~k lawk$ Bdwz K`balk Koh`jrc `doh{dhk ukdbcjoh ksvkwu #dbdekljb,rvkbjnjb doe hkokwd`*, ksdljodujaor uwdjokw #UAKJB, UAKN@, JK@UR, KJMKO*, uckrkr doeejrrkwudujaor kejuaw doe vwaanwkdekw, g{rjokrr uksu xwjukw/ Gwderuax7Fzdcaa/ba/{m

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


15/96


16/96

Rca{è ukdbckwr gk koukwudjokwr1J xdou ua rdz jorukde9

@kdwojoh rca{è gk n{o ua uck `kdwokw/B`drrwaalr rca{è gk ksbjujoh/ Ru{ekourrca{è gk uck vkwnawlkwr/Ukdbckwr rca{è gk ndbj`juduawrdoe lauj~duawr, drmjoh ru{ekour ua ucjom dga{u bcd``kohjoh vwag`klr/ Ukdbckwrrca{è wkxdwe r{bbkrr, {rjoh `doh{dhk ucdu ldmkr `kdwokwr nkk` haae dga{uucklrk`~kr9 Za{ bdo ea ju/Dgwdcdl R/ Njrbc`kw

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal4>


17/96

Ldwjar na{wvdwu {rk an t{aukr

T{audujaor dwk knnkbuj~k xdzr an kohdhjoh uck ljoe xjuc rbdnnaèjoh #r{vvawu*/ Gz

drmjoh uck ru{ekou ua nab{r ao ralkaok k`rkr ksbk``kou uca{hcur, xk drr{wk uck ru{ekou ucdu

ju jr ujlk xk`` rvkou/ Uck ru{ekou xj`` wkbkj~k uck wkxdwe nwal ucdu knnawu doe ljhcu u{wo uaàam du doauckw t{auk/

Kskwbjrk 4

Uck ukdbckw cdr uko t{aukr doe uko joukwvwkudujaor/ Uck ukdbckw drmr d ru{ekou ua wkde uckt{auk doe ucko drmr ru{ekour ua xawm jo vdjwr doe rld`` hwa{vr ua njh{wk a{u xcdu uck t{auklkdor/Vwabke{wk9 D ru{ekou wkder d t{auk doe drmr, Xcdu eakr ucjr lkdo1 Uck ru{ekour uckoejrb{rr jo vdjwr doe rld`` hwa{vr/ Uck ukdbckw bdo laek` do ksdlv`k, jn okbkrrdwz/

Kskwbjrk 7

Uck ukdbckw cdr uko t{aukr doe kjhcu joukwvwkudujaor/ Uck ru{ekour uwz ua ldubc uckjoukwvwkudujaor xjuc uck t{aukr/ Uck ru{ekour xawm jo vdjwr doe rld`` hwa{vr/Vwabke{wk9 D ru{ekou wkder d t{auk doe drmr, Xca cdr uck joukwvwkudujao an ucjr t{auk1Doauckw ru{ekou dorxkwr, J cd~k ju/ Ucko uck hwa{v `jrukor ua uck joukwvwkudujao doeekbjekr jn uck ldubc jr bawwkbu/

Kskwbjrk 2

Oax uck ru{ekour cd~k ua njoe uck t{aukr jo d `jru aw gaam ucdu uck ukdbckw vwa~jekr/Vwabke{wk9 Kdbc ru{ekou ucko g{jèr do joukwvwkudujao an uck t{auk, xwjukr uckjoukwvwkudujao, doe uck joukwvwkudujaor dwk rc{nn`ke doe ejruwjg{uke/ Uck hwa{v ucko uwjkr ualdubc uck ru{ekouxwjuuko joukwvwkudujaor ua uck rk`kbuke t{aukr/

Kskwbjrk 5

Jo uck cjhckru `k~k` an uck hdlk, uck ru{ekour XWJUK uckjw axo t{aukr/ Uckz ldmk {vralkucjoh ucdu uckz cd~k ok~kw rkko xwjuuko jo ucdu vdwujb{`dw xdz/ #Ucjr rudhk jr ndjw`zde~dobke doe jr r{juke naw aèkw ru{ekour/*Vwabke{wk9 Kdbc ru{ekou d`ra hkokwdukr uck joukwvwkudujao, dr jo Kskwbjrk 2, doe uck t{aukdoe joukwvwkudujao dwk rkvdwduke, rc{nn`ke doe ejruwjg{uke ua uck ukdlr dr jo vwk~ja{rkskwbjrkr/

Ucjr dbuj~juz jr ekrbwjgke ao Za{u{gk du Ldwja @àwkouk t{aukr

Ldwja9 Uck dbuj~juz jurk`n jr krr jlvawudou ucdo xcdu cdvvkor `dukw/ D ru{ekou xca cdrckdwe do jlvawudou t{auk, xcjbc jr d cjhc`z ejruj``ke jekd, xj`` vwagdg`z ucjom dga{u ucdujekd `dukw ucdu edz aw xcko uck t{auk jr rkko ao d xd``/ Uck eknjojujao doe joukwvwkudujao anucdu t{auk xj`` wkraoduk jo uck ru{ekou/ Na{w aw nj~k edzr dukw, za{`` rdz, Ea za{ xdou uav`dz uck hdlk an t{aukr1 doe uckz`` rdz, Zkdc$



18/96



19/96

7Uck koe an `kbu{wjoh@kur ruav rvkdmjoh ua k~kwzaok du uck rdlk ujlk

@ku(r @kbu{wk @krr

D uzvjbd` `kbu{wk du {oj~kwrjuz jo~a`~kr d rvkdmkw hj~joh jonawldujao ua do d{ejkobk/Ru{ekour udmk oaukr doe ucko uckz drm t{krujaor du uck koe an uck vwkrkoudujao/ Rbcaa`r

cd~k ekvkoeke ao ucjr lkucae an ukdbcjoh doe `kdwojoh naw bkou{wjkr/ Koujwk joe{ruwjkrksjru gkbd{rk ldoz ukdbckwr {rk `kbu{wkr dr uck vwjldwz lkucae an ball{ojbdujoh xjucru{ekour/

Ckwk dwk ucjohr xk moax oax dnukw zkdwr an wkrkdwbc94/ Rvkke9 Xk ru{ekour `kdwo du ejnnkwkou rvkker/

7/ Lkucaer9 Xk `kdwo ejnnkwkou`z/ Xk cd~k ejnnkwkou kdwojoh ruz`kr/ Xk udmk jojonawldujao jo ejnnkwkou xdzr #Caxdwe Hdweokw*

2/ Vkwnawljoh A{w [oekwrudoejoh9 Rjobk uckwk dwk ldoz xdzr an udmjoh jo jonawldujao,ra xcz eao(u xk {rk ldoz ejnnkwkou xdzr ua rcax ucdu xk kdwoke ralkucjoh1 Caxdwe

Hdweokw bd``r ucjr d 'vkwnawldobk an {oekwrudoejoh/'do krrdzd l{`ujv`kbcajbk ukru #d`ra moaxo dr d l{`ujv`kh{krr ukru*

d nj``jouckg`domr ukrud rudoe {v kscjgjujao #Lku Bkoukw jo Vwa~jekobk Wcaek Jr`doe*

d vwaikbu

d ~jekad ejhjud` vawuna`ja #rkk cuuv9!!xxx/cjhcukbccjhc/awh!rbcaa`r!CUC!1rcax


20/96

d varukw

5/ Lauj~dujao9 A{w `jrukojoh jlvwa~kr xcko xk dwk lauj~duke ua `kdwo/ A{w `jrukojoh

jlvwa~kr xjuc ukruukdbcukru xcko ukdbckwr drm t{krujaor njwru, bwkdujoh hdvr an{oekwrudoejoh, ucko uckwk jr d ekrjwk ua nj`` ucark hdvr= uck ukdbcjoh bdo gk {oruw{bu{wke awruw{bu{wke ejrba~kwz gz uck ru{ekou, ucko uck rkbaoe ukru bckbmr uck balvwkckorjao/

;/ @kdwojoh xjuc vwaikbur/ Uckwk jr do kohjokkwjoh rbcaa` jo Dwjyaod ucdu cdr oarkvdwduke ba{wrkr/ Uck vwahwdl jr ekrjhoke dwa{oe vwaikbur/ Za{ eao(u udmk d ba{wrk jorudujrujbr aw bckljruwz, za{ job`{ek rudujrujbr doe vczrjbr jo za{w vwaikbu/ D cjhc rbcaa`ucdu {rkr ucjr baobkvu jr Lku Bkoukw jo Vwa~jekobk, Wcaek Jr`doe/ Aok ukdbckw de~jrkr 4;ru{ekour jo d`` r{gikbur naw na{w zkdwr/ R{gikbur dwk joukhwduke jo vwaikbur/

>/ Vdwujbjvdujao9 Ldoz an {r a~k uck xawe '`kbu{wk/' Ldoz an {r gk`jk~k ucdu `jrukojoh ua

d vwankrraw rvkdm jr uck vwkljkw lkucae an ldrr joruw{bujao/ Xk gk`jk~k ra ruwaoh`z ucduru{ekour okke ua `jruko ua uck vwankrraw ucdu xk bd`` uckl uck 'd{ejkobk/'

Nwal oax ao, `kur drm uck d{ejkobk ua ea uck @kbu{wk an uck N{u{wk/ Uck rvkdmkw jr jouck waal ua bckbm uck {oekwrudoejoh an uck d{ejkobk/ Uck v{wvark an uck b`drr jr oau uackdw uck rvkdmkw ud`m/ Uck rvkdmkwr v{wvark jr ua bckbm uck {oekwrudoejoh an lklgkwr anuck d{ejkobk/

Xk `kdwo l{bc nwal a{w vkkwr/ Uck b`k~kw ukdbckw ej~jekr uck uksu joua vdwur/ Hwa{vr anru{ekour vwkvdwk vwkrkoudujaor dga{u uck wkdejoh/ Uck ukdbckw eakr oau hj~k d `kbu{wkgkbd{rk uck ru{ekour dwk udmjoh u{wor hj~joh vdwur an uck `kbu{wk/ Uck ukdbckw bckbmr

{oekwrudoejoh doe nj``r jo ksuwd jonawldujao/ Za{ bdo rkk ucjr xawmjoh jo d ~jeka aoZa{U{gk #rkdwbc aldw ~drj`k*/



21/96

Uck koujwk b`drr rkrrjao rca{è gk wkbaweke ra ucdu uck vwkrkoukw bdo `kdwo cax ua jlvwa~k

doe uck vdwujbjvdour eao(u okke ua udmk oaukr #aw uckz bdo `dukw bckbm xcdu uckz xwaukdhdjoru uck Za{U{gk {vàde*/

K~kwz rvamko t{krujao jr uzvke doe vwaikbuke ao uck xd`` ua 'hku jorjek uck xawè' an uckràxkw `jrukokw/

MKZ VAJOUR

Oa lawk gawjoh b drrkr9 Jn ru{ekour nd` dr`kkv jo b`drr, uck ukdbckw jr annkwke deejujaodùwdjojoh doe r{vvawu/

Oa lawk 'd{ejaao`z' v{g jb dooa{obklkour jo rbcaa r/ Ralkaok xwjukr mkzxawer ao uckgadwe ua drrjru ru{ekour xca vwknkw ua wkde ua wkbkj~k jonawldujao/

Ucdom za{ naw za{w duukoujao/ Doz t{krujaor1



22/96

Nwal uck Ekbklgkw 7644 jrr{k an Ejrba~kw ldhdyjok9

Lawk joukwdbuj~k dvvwadbckr job`{ekjllkejduk`z doe wkvkduke`z v{uujohokx jonawldujao ua {rk/ Ru{ekour jo rbjkobkba{wrkr xkwk baoujo{d``z drmke t{krujaor doe uck ru{ekour xkwk

v{u joua rld`` xawm hwa{vr ua ra`~k vwag`klr {rjoh uck ldukwjdùckz cde i{ru `kdwoke/

Jo d wkbkouru{ez, aok rkbujao an d vczrjbr ba{wrk dga{uk`kbuwaldhokujb xd~kr xdr ud{hcu gz uck bahojuj~k dvvwadbc,xcj`k doauckw rkbujao xdr ud{hcu gz uck rudoedwe ba{wrk `kbu{wk/Uck njwru hwa{v rbawke do d~kwdhk an 85 vkwbkou xcko ukruke aouck ldukwjd`, xcj`k uck rkbaoe hwa{v rbawke ao`z 54 vkwbkou/

Ukdbckwr ukoe ua nab{r ao aok r{gikbu naw rk~kwd` b`drrkr doeucko la~k ao ua doauckw aok, anuko bd{rjoh ru{ekour ua àrkua{bc xjuc xcduk~kw moax`kehk uckz cde i{ru dbt{jwke/

G{u wkbd``joh aè `krraor jr i{ru d lduukwan uwdjojoh/ D hwa{v an ru{ekour xdr gwjkn`z v{rcke k~kwzedz ua wk~jrju kdw`jkw ldukwjd`, xcj`k d rkbaoe hwa{v i{ru la~kedckde xjuc uck okx ldukwjd`/ Dnukw kjhcu xkkmr, uck hwa{v ucdueje edj`z wk~jkxr gkbdlk i{ru dr haae du rxjubcjoh gdbm doe nawuc

gkuxkko okx doe aè ldukwjd` dr de{ùr dwk, rck rdzr, deejohucdu ukru rbawkr d`ra jobwkdrke/ Jur d rjlv`k b`drrwaal bcdohkucdu bdo ldmk d gjh ejnnkwkobk/

Rbjkobk Njoer d Gkuukw Xdz ua Ukdbc Rbjkobk9Hku wje an uck b`drrwaal `kbu{wk gz Ed~je C/Nwkkeldo #Jlvdujkou N{u{wjru*cuuv9!!ejrba~kwldhdyjok/bal!7644!ekb!4>jlvdujkoun{u{wjrurbjkobknjoergkuukwxdzuaukdbc! #Uckrk na{wvdwdhwdvcr dwk wkvwjouke ua vwalauk ejrb{rrjao/ Xkcavk ucdu Ejrba~kw Ldhdyjok r{vvawur ucjr rcdwjoh anjonawldujao/*

Xcko ukdbckwr uwz ua ldmk joruw{bujao kt{d` naw d`` ru{ekour, uckz xj``

ndj`/ Wduckw, uck ukdbckw rca{è vwa~jek dxjek ba``kbujao an dbuj~jujkr ucdu ldmk varrjg`kkt{j~d`kou kdwojoh ksvkwjkobkr naw ru{ekour {rjoh dvvwadbckr

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6031/862.shorthttp://discovermagazine.com/2011/dec/16-impatient-futurist-science-finds-better-way-to-teach/http://discovermagazine.com/2011/dec/16-impatient-futurist-science-finds-better-way-to-teach/http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6031/862.shorthttp://discovermagazine.com/2011/dec/16-impatient-futurist-science-finds-better-way-to-teach/http://discovermagazine.com/2011/dec/16-impatient-futurist-science-finds-better-way-to-teach/


23/96

ucdu wkbahojyk n{oedlkoud` ejnnkwkobkr gkuxkko kdwokwr, ejrudoudoe àbd`/ Kt{j~d`kobk jr lawk ujlkbaor{ljoh doe ejnnjb{ù, g{uvwaljrkr ua gk lawk knnkbuj~k/

Ljbcdk` Rjlaorao, Uwkoer doe Jrr{kr jo Ejrudou Ke{bdujao9Joukwodujaod` Vkwrvkbuj~kr, vdhk 73;

J ucjom d ru{ekou `jmk lk rca{è {rk wkd``zlaekwo lkucaer/ Ua `kdwo Koh`jrc #aw doauckw `doh{dhk*,ru{ezjoh uck vkwnkbu hwdlldw du rbcaa` jr ao`z uck gkhjoojoh/ Uckwkd` xdz ua `kdwo Koh`jrc vkwnkbu`z jr vwdbujbjoh/ Ra ju(r d wkd``z haaexdz {rjoh Ndbkgaam #naw ksdlv`k, lz gkru nwjkoe(r Dlkwjbdo, ra Jd`xdzr ud`m jo Koh`jrc xjuc ckw doe ju wkd``z ck`vr lk* doe ucko ud`mjohdga{u ucjohr xk `jmk/Za{ rca{è hj~k uck ru{ekou d`` uck ucjohr za{ moax doe ucko `ku ckwbcaark uck ucjohr ck!rck xdour ua ea/ Laru ukdbckwr ucjom ucdu gkjoh

{oekw vwkrr{wk ldmkr {r hj~k a{w gkru/ UCDU(R OAU UW[K/ XckoJ(l dosja{r aw okw~a{r, J wkd``z bdooau ea dozucjoh/ Ju(r `jmk J dlgàbmke/ Ra J ucjom ucdu uck wjhcu xdz ua jlvwa~k jr nkk`johbalnawudg`k doe eajoh ucjohr ucdu joukwkru {r/

Dwjdood Barudoujo, Lj`doa, 42 D{h{ru 7646

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24/96

Uxa ukdbckwr rcdwke xjuc lk cax uckz xawm dr h{jekr ao uck rjek/

J ukdbc ba``khk `k~k` ru{ekour doe njoe vkkw u{uawjoh ua gk d haae

ruwdukhz/ Gkjoh dg`k ua rcax auckwr cax ua

ra`~k vwag`klr doe ejrb{rr ejnnkwkoudvvwadbckr jr knnkbuj~k/ Ju g{j`er uckjw baonjekobk jouckjw rmj``r doe uck rld`` hwa{v jr `krr joujljedujoh/ Dr uck rklkrukwhakr ao J anuko njoe ru{ekour jo a{w lduc `dg xawmjoh uahkuckw aodrrjholkour doe ru{ezjoh naw ksdlr/ Kj`kko Vkwky

Ju jr jlvawudou ua `kdwo gz eajoh/ J ukdbcru{ekour dhkr ; ua 8 doe J drm uckl ua ukdbc kdbc auckw #vkkwu{uawjoh*/ Uckz `kdwo nwal kdbc auckw ra xk`` doe uck ukdbckw bdodbbalv`jrc uck rdlk agikbuj~kr xjuca{u `kbu{wjoh/Cdoeraodbuj~jujkr d`ra ck`v ru{ekour wkudjo jonawldujao/ J dhwkkxjuc uck t{auk gz Y{`` #7667*, rjobk `kbu{wjoh eakr oau ck`v lkwkudjo ~kwz l{bc jonawldujao/ Dvdwod Gcdwhd~d



25/96

2Uck Rmj``n{` [rk an @kbu{wkr

Jo eknkork an uck vwavkw {rk an uck `kbu{wkGz Ldwja Iak` @àwkouk @kz~d

Uck `kbu{wk jr do jlvawudou xdzan g{jèjoh wdvvawu doe wkrvkbu jouck ru{ekour/ Xcko ru{ekour ckdwd rujl{`dujoh ek`j~kwz an d xk``wkdraoke dwh{lkou, uckz deljwkuck rvkdmkw/ Uck `kbu{wk bdot{jbm`z nj`` uck d{ejkobk xjuc d

rkork an dxk/

Ucjom an d va`jujbjdo/ Cax ea xki{ehk ucdu vkwrao1 Gz cax l{bcck aw rck ldmkr {r ucjom1 Gzcax l{bc xk `kdwo nwal ucdu vkwrao1 Aw gz cax xk dwk jlvwkrrke gz uckdwh{lkour ucdu uck va`jujbjdor ek`j~kw ua {r1

Jo uck rdlk xdz, d haae ukdbckw xj`` jorvjwk uck d{ejkobk

xjuc uck `kbu{wk ua `kdwo lawk, ua kl{`duk uck ruz`k, ua

`kdwo cax ua jlvwkrr auckw d{ejkobkr/ D `kbu{wk jr do jlvawudourudwu ua d ruwaoh wk`dujaorcjv gkuxkkoukdbckw doe ru{ekou/ Uck `kbu{wk ljhcuoau gk uck laru knnkbuj~k xdz nawuwdornkwwjoh jonawldujao joua àohukwl ruawdhk, g{u ju jr do ksbk``kou xdznaw lauj~dujoh ru{ekour ua udmk ujlk ua`kdwo/ D `kbu{wk ljhcu gk uck xdz uarudwu uck bao~kwrdujao gkuxkko ukdbckw

doe ru{ekou/ Uck `kbu{wk jr d xdz uaavko d eaaw naw uck ru{ekour ua

vkwbkj~k d okx xawè/

D `kbu{wk bdo ru{o uck ru{ekour, jorvjwk uckl doe ndrbjoduk uckl/ Uckwk rca{ègk xk``v`dbke `kbu{wkr rbduukwke jo k~kwz ba{wrk, k~ko jn kdbc ljoj`kbu{wk jrao`z uxa ljo{ukr àoh/ Ju jr àoh koa{hc ua bdubc uck duukoujao an uck ru{ekour

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal7;


26/96

doe ucko nj`` uckl xjuc d ekrjwk ua e{v`jbduk doe r{wvdrr uck ukdbckw/

Ucko uck `kbu{wkw bdo rukv gdbm doendbj`juduk uck `kdwojoh/

Xcjbc jr gkuukw9 @kdwojohgz ejrba~kwz, `kdwojoh jo dhwa{v aw `kdwojoh nwal d`kbu{wk1Wjbcdwe B`dwm, d vwankrraw du [oj~kwrjuz anRa{uckwo Bd`jnawojd, cdr xwjuuko rk~kwd`dwujb`kr #xjuc Vd{` Mjwrbcokw doe IacoRxk``kw* dod`zyjoh uck gkoknjur an n{``zh{jeke joruw{bujao/ Ucjr ljhcu job`{ek

rcawu `kbu{wkr/ Xcko ucjr gaam xdr rudwuke, uck nab{r xdr ao wke{bjoh uck ukdbckwr ujlkrvkou jo `kbu{wkr/ Oax xk rkk #xjuc uck hwaxuc an uck n`jvvkeb`drrwaal* ucdu uckwk jr do jlvawudou v`dbk naw d `kbu{wk ucdu uckru{ekou bdo baouwa`/ Xcdu cdvvkor xcko xk drm ru{ekour uaxdubc uck joruw{buaw du calk aw xcj`k rjuujoh jo d balnawudg`k

bcdjw, vkwcdvr ruavvjoh doe udmjoh oaukr1 Uck ru{ekou dwwj~kr jouck b`drrwaal wkdez ua drm lawk t{krujaor aw wkdez ua ejrb{rr uckjonawldujao ucdu uck `kbu{wkw hd~k/

Zkr, xk rca{`e `kbu{wk `krr jo uck b`drrwaal/ Xk ukdbckwr bdobaoujo{k ua `kbu{wk, g{u `kur `kbu{wk lawk anuko ao ~jeka ra ucdu uck

ru{ekour bdo ekbjek xcko doe cax l{bc an a{w ud`mjoh uckz xj``dgrawg/

Wkballkoeke Wkdejoh

Wjbcdwe B`dwmr dwujb`k V{uujoh Ru{ekour ao uck Vduc ua @kdwojoh#xjuc Ewr/ Mjwrbcokw doe Rxk``kw* ducuuv9!!xxx/dnu/awh!venr!dlkwjbdoke{bduaw!rvwjoh7647!B`dwm/ven/Za{ bdo njoe ju gz rkdwbcjoh naw B`dwm Dlkwjbdo Ke{bduaw 7647/

@aam naw Gdwdm Warkorcjokr dwujb`k jo uck rdlk jrr{k an uck ldhdyjok/ Cjr Vwjobjv`kr anJoruw{bujao dwk `jruke ckwk/ Vwjobjv`kr an Joruw{bujao9 WkrkdwbcGdrke Ruwdukhjkr Ucdu D`

Ukdbckwr Rca{`e Moax/ Rkdwbc naw Warkorcjok Dlkwjbdo Ke{bduaw 7647/cuuv9!!xxx/dnu/awh!venr!dlkwjbdoke{bduaw!rvwjoh7647!Warkorcjok/ven

http://www.aft.org/pdfs/americaneducator/spring2012/Clark.pdfhttp://www.aft.org/pdfs/americaneducator/spring2012/Rosenshine.pdfhttp://www.aft.org/pdfs/americaneducator/spring2012/Clark.pdfhttp://www.aft.org/pdfs/americaneducator/spring2012/Rosenshine.pdf


27/96

Uck dwujb`k jr dedvuke nwal d vdlvc`ku ucdu uck [ojuke Odujaor ejruwjg{ukr/cuuv9!!{okreab/{okrba/awh!jldhkr!664:!664:6>!4:6>;7k/ven #Koh`jrc*cuuv9!!xxx/jgk/{okrba/awh!nw!rkw~jbkr!eab{lkourko`jhok!v{g`jbdujaor!vwdujt{krke{bduj~kr/cul` Du ucjr `jom, za{ bdo njoe uck vdlvc`ku jo Nwkobc, Vawu{h{krk doeRvdojrc/

cuuv9!!xxx/jgk/{okrba/awh!nj`kdeljo!{rkwQ{vàde!V{g`jbdujaor!Ke{bdujaod`QVwdbujbkr!KeVwdbujbkrQ74r/ven #Rvdojrc*cuuv9!!xxx/jgk/{okrba/awh!nj`kdeljo!{rkwQ{vàde!V{g`jbdujaor!Ke{bdujaod`QVwdbujbkr!KeVwdbujbkrQ74va/ven #Vawu{h{krk*cuuv9!!xxx/jgk/{okrba/awh!nj`kdeljo!{rkwQ{vàde!V{g`jbdujaor!Ke{bdujaod`QVwdbujbkr!KeVwdbujbkrQ74n/ven #Nwkobc*

Wkvwjouke xjuc vkwljrrjao nwal Gdwdm Warkorcjok/

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28/96

5Uko VajourJ cavk uck t{aukr doe uck vcauar jo ucjr gaam ra ndw cd~k bwkduke jo za{ d okx eknjojujao anrbcaa`/ Jorukde an d v`dbk xckwk za{ l{ru gk t{jku, udmk oaukr doe wkvkdu xcdu uckukdbckw rdzr, rbcaa` bdo gk d v`dbk xckwk ru{ekour ejrba~kw uckjw ruwkohucr doe ek~kàvokx rmj``r/

J v{u ucjr ruawz ao lz xkgrjuk xxx/H{jekAoUckRjek/bal9

Uck ruawzJo 766: J xdr ukdbcjoh d b`drr an ru{ekour nwal Jud`z doe ucwkk anuckjw ukdbckwr drmke ua rju jo lz b`drr/ Uck ukdbckwr uaam oaukr/

'Cax eje za{ `kdwo ua ukdbc ucjr xdz1' uckz drmke lk/ 'J bavzEkoojr @juumz(r lkucae9 #4* Drm ru{ekour dga{u uckjw had`r/ #7*Ck`v uckl `kdwo uck rmj``r uckz okke ua wkdbc uckjw had`r/'

Uckawz9Ukdbckwr an Koh`jrc jo b`drrkr an nkxkw ucdo 45 ru{ekourukoe ua rvkoe `krr ujlk `kbu{wjoh/ Uckrk ukdbckwr {r{d``z drmru{ekour 'xcdu ea za{ xdou ua `kdwo ua ud`m dga{u1' Uckzbdo rcax auckw ukdbckwr cax ua `kbu{wk `krr/ Idlkr Y{`àgrkw~ke ucdu cjr ru{ekour nk`` joua d vdrrj~k ruduk an ljoe xckock `kbu{wke ua uckl/ Ck ruavvke ud`mjoh du cjr ru{ekour doe ck

drmke uckl ua ea vwaikbur doe ua drm cjl t{krujaor/Ralkujlkr ck rudwur ud`mjoh du cjr ru{ekour dhdjo /// doe uckzrudwu ua gkbalk vdrrj~k dhdjo /// vdhk 478 jo cjr gaam Uck Dwu anBcdohjoh uck Gwdjo #7667*/

Ukdbckwr an Koh`jrc moax cax ua hku ru{ekour jo~a`~ke jo uck`krrao doe ukdbckwr an auckw r{gikbur ljhcu bavz ucarkukbcojt{kr ua ldmk uckjw `krraor lawk dbuj~k doe kohdhjoh/

Gkàx dwk ralk an uck gdrjb ukbcojt{kr ucdu J {rk jo lz b`drrwaal/ J jo~juk za{ ua baoudbu

lk xjuc r{hhkrujaor/ Cax dga{u jo~jujoh lk ua za{w rbcaa`1 Xk bdo ksbcdohk ujvr/ Juwjke ua jekoujnz uko vajour doe J ucwkx jo ralk lawk dr d gao{r/ Ua `kdwo lawk dga{uuckrk vajour, v`kdrk ~jrju H{jekAoUckRjek/bal/

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29/96

4/ Kdbc bcj`e cdr do joej~je{d` ke{bdujao v`do #JKV* gdrke ao uck ru{ekou(r ruwkohucr,

vkwraod juz doe `kdwojoh ruz`k/

7/ D nab{r ao vdrrjaor9 Kdbc mje ru{ejkr uck vdwur an uck b{wwjb{`{l ck xdour ua

2/ Baookbu uck b{wwjb{`{l xjuc rmj`` g{j`ejoh/

5/ @kdwojoh gz xdubcjoh, `kdwojoh xjuc cdoerao ksvkwjkobk/

;/ Kscjgjujaor jo deejujao ua xwjuuko ukrur/

>/ Vwaikbur, ejrb{rrjaor doe ru{ekou vwkrkoudujaor jo v`dbk an kbu{wkr/

8/ Odwwduj~kr jo deejujao ua hwdekr/

3/ Vawuna`jar jorukde an d uwdorbwjvu/

Ucjr jr do ksdlv`k an d ejhjud` vawuna`ja du CjhcUkbcCjhc/awh/

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal7:


30/96

:/ 'Udmk Dvdwu @dgawduawz' aw xawmrcav, xckwk gwamko juklr #ndor, balv{ukwr, djwbaoejujaokwr, wknwjhkwduawr, bdw kohjokr, kub/* dwk udmko dvdwu doe dod`zyke #doe, jn varrjg`k,wkdrrklg`ke* gz ru{ekour/

46/ @kdwojoh ucwa{hc ruawjkr/ Kucjbr doe jookw ruwkohuc dwk dbt{jwke gz uk``joh ruawjkr

`jmk Rudo`kz Lj`hwdl(r ksvkwjlkour, hj~joh ujlk naw baouklv`dujao, doe rcaxjoh balv`ksdoe lawd``z dlgjh{a{r rju{dujaor ua uck ru{ekour/

Ujlk jr d ~dwjdg`k)9 ru{ekour vwahwkrr xcko uckz ldrukw d r{gikbu, oau dbbawejoh ua dnjske bd`koedw wk`duke ua uckjw dhk hwa{v/ )Uck vcwdrk jr vwalauke gz Ew/ Njrbc`kwdgk/UckRu{ekouJrUckB`drr/bal

Ru{ekour dwk ud{hcu ua r{rvkoe i{ehlkou #hduckwjoh jonawldujao gknawk `kdvjoh ua dbaob`{rjao*

@dukwd` ucjomjoh kskwbjrkr #KexdweekGaoa/bal jr d `kdejoh ra{wbk an a{uanuckgas

ucjomjoh*/

@aohukwl wk`dujaorcjvr xjuc uck ukdbckw dwk jlvawudou/

Oa lawk gawjoh b`drrkr/

Oa lawk gawjoh `kbu{wkr/

Wkldwmdg`k rbcaa`r dwk ekrbwjgke jo ucjr gaam/

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31/96

;Hàgd` Rmj``r

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DHQQQQUZ doe DEQQQVUQQQJUZDBBQQQQRR doe DODQQQQYK jonawldujao

Uaoz Xdhokw, d vwankrraw du Cdw~dwe [oj~kwrjuz, xwauk d gaam bd``ke Uck Hàgd`Dbcjk~klkou Hdv/ Ck jekoujnjke rk~ko jlvawudou rmj``r ucdu ru{ekour okke jo uck 74ru

Bkou{wz/

Lz lkouaw Ekoojr Z{ykodr deeke ba{wukrz doe kujt{kuuk/ Xj`` R{uckw`doe duTGKDbdeklz/oku deeke joukhwjuz, kucjbr doe caokruz/

Ua ck`v za{ wklklgkw uckrk juklr, ucjom an BJD/ BBBBBB J J D D

Xcko vkav`k drm lk, Xcdu ea za{ ukdbc1 uckz {r{d``z lkdo, Xcdu r{gikbu ea za{ukdbc1 J wkv`z, J ukdbc uck ojok hàgd` rmj``r/ Lz ru{ekour ucjom ucdu Jl d lduc ukdbckw,g{u Jl vwkvdwjoh uckl ua gkbalk hàgd` bjujykor/

Lduc jr k~kwzxckwk, Cjruawz jr k~kwzxckwk, Nwkobc doe Rvdojrc dwk k~kwzxckwk, doe



32/96

Bckljruwz, Vczrjbr, doe Gjaàhz dwk k~kwzxckwk/ Dr d lduc ukdbckw, J ljhcu gk uck vkwnkbuvkwrao ua ukdbc xwjujoh aw cjruawz ua d ru{ekou xca a~kr lduc g{u eakrou jmk auckwr{gikbur/ J ljhcu gk uck xwaoh vkwrao ua ukdbc lduc ua ralkaok xca cdukr lduc, {o`krr Jrdz, LF jr d na{w`kuukw xawe doe J {rk auckw xdzr an ukdbcjoh/

J lku d wkldwmdg`k vwjobjvd`, Edod @jhabmj, xca ba``kbuke v{or xjuc xawer dga{u lduc/@aam du ucjr {onawhkuudg`k xdz an ud`mjoh dga{u o{lgkwr9 Ekdw Lduc, Jl oau d uckwdvjru/Ra`~k za{w axo vwag`klr doe Ok~kw ewjom doe ekwj~k/

D lduc gadwe gz Edod @jhabmj, @jnk Rmj``r rbcaa` jo Nawu @d{ekwed`k, N`d/

Doauckw vwjobjvd`, Ejdok Hwaoejo, uaè lk ua nab{r ao uck joej~je{d`/ Ea xcduk~kw juudmkr ua ldmk lduc wkd` naw kdbc ru{ekou/ Eaou ukdbc ua uck ljee`k/ Njoe xcdu xawmr doe

ea ju/ Ra J v{u d o{lgkw `jok w{oojoh dàoh uck kehk an uck bkj`joh an uxa xd``r xjucrt{dwk waaur oksu ua kdbc o{lgkw/ Rt{dwk waau an >7; xdr {oekw 7; ra uck ru{ekour bdorkk uck wk`dujaorcjv/



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Xdwwko G{nnkuu doe Gj`` Hdukr de~abduk ukdbcjoh gwjehk ua g{j`e rmj``r an ba``dgawdujao/Ldwja @`awkouk #dgbealjoar/bal* vwalaukr joukwodujaod` ealjoar naw uck rdlk wkdrao/

Ckwk dwk uck dorxkwr ua uck ljrrjoh `kuukwr/

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BQa{QWUQkQRZ doe KUQjQTQ{kQUUKJOJQujdQUJ^K doe KOUWKQvwkQOK[WJOHJOUQkhwQJUZ doe CAOQkrQUZDHQj`jQUZ doe DEQdQVUQdgj`QJUZDBBQkQRR doe DODQ`zQYK jonawldujao

Uckwkr d rbcaa` jo @ar Dohk`kr xckwk uckrk H`agd` Rmj``r dwk gkjoh g{j`u/ V`kdrk ~jrjucuuv9!!ujoz{w`/bal!EEE@arDohk`kr doe `kdwo lawk/

Hku d bavz an uck Ojhcujohd`k Jojujduj~k nwal Okx @kdwojoh Joruju{ukcuuv9!!ujoz{w`/bal!EEEWkvawu /

Uck ejojoh xd`` jo Gabd Vwkv Joukwodujaod`/

http://tinyurl.com/DDDLosAngeleshttp://tinyurl.com/DDDLosAngeles


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d varukw gz Dok doe Jwkok

D ru{ekou(r avjojao #dga{u d b`drr xjuc ldoz joekvkoekou vwaikbur*

J ucjom ucjr b`drr jr joukwkrujoh doe J gk`jk~k ju jr gkbd{rk xk bdo `kde uck `krraogz r{hhkrujoh uavjbr, ejrb{rrjoh doe ejrba~kwjoh okx ucjohr ao uck Joukwoku doebcdohjoh uck vwahwdl jn xk eao(u jmk ju aw njoe ju gawjoh/ J bdo(u wkd``z r{hhkru dxdz ua ldmk ucjr b`drr gkuukw rjobk xk cd~k d àu an nwkkeal doe bdo bcdohkxcdu xk dwk eajoh dbbawejoh ua xcdu xk xa{è vwknkw l{bc lawk/

Xcdu ldmkr d b`drr gawjoh1 Uck xwaoh uavjbr, d gawjoh ukdbckw, gdeb`drrldukr dwk ucjohr ucdu bdo ldmk d b`drr ukwwjg`k/ Bcaarjoh d uavjb ucdu jr oaundrbjodujoh aw oau v{uujoh vdrrjao jo ukdbcjoh ekruwazr uck duukoujao an uck b`drr/Oau ck`vjoh jo bwkdujoh baavkwdujao xjucjo uck ru{ekour jr uck xawru ucjoh dukdbckw bdo ea/

Ekrbwjgk xcdu za{ `jmk dga{u uck b`drr9 J `jmk uck ndbu ucdu ru{ekour dwk ojbkdoe xk hku dàoh/ J à~k bcaarjoh k~kwz edz xcdu J xdou ua ea doe J(l naoe anejrba~kwjoh ralkucjoh J ejeo(u moax, r{bc dr 'Rd~k uck @dru Edobk Naw Lk' #draoh ucdu xdr r{oh jo a{w b`drr*/

Cax bdo xk jlvwa~k uck lkucae1 Xk ba{è wkde lawk gaamr, `jmk uck aokrdga{u uck lkucae xk dwk ksvkwjlkoujoh xjuc/ Aw xk ba{è mkkv ralk gaamr aoa{w axo dr J xa{è `jmk ua ea ualawwax, ua vwdbujbk xjuc uck wkdejoh xjuc bcdvukwrucdu dwk lawk ejnnjb{ù ucdo okxrvdvkw dwujb`kr/ Hj{`jd Ldruwdouaoj, > D{h{ru



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7646

J drmke lz ru{ekour ua njoe jorvjwjoh t{audujaor/ Ckwk dwk ralk rk`kbujaor9

'@ahjb xj`` hku za{ nwal D ua G/ Jldhjodujaoxj`` udmk za{ k~kwzxckwk/ D`gkwu Kjorukjo/ doeb{wjarjuzxj`` ck`v za{ aobk za{ hku uckwk/ Rkkxxx/Za{u{gk/bal!JoukwndbkuUwdjojoh

Za{w jldhjodujao jr za{w vwk~jkx an `jnkrbaljoh duuwdbujaor/ D`gkwu Kjorukjo

D`` bcjèwko dwk dwujrur/ Uck vwag`kl jr caxua wkldjo do dwujru aobk ck hwaxr {v/Vdgà Vjbdrra

Ldor ljoe, aobk ruwkubcke gz d okxjekd, ok~kw wkhdjor jur awjhjodèjlkorjaor/ A`j~kw Xkoek`` Ca`lkr Rk`kbuke gz Klj`jdGaoj``d

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thTgveMQcKEhttp://www.youtube.com/InterfacetTraininghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thTgveMQcKEhttp://www.youtube.com/InterfacetTraining


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@jnk jr oau d lduukw an lj`kruaokr, g{u anlalkour/ Rk`kbuke gz Rcdwao ~do La{wjm

G{jèjoh Joukwodujaod` Gwjehkr xjuc GJGVkovd`r

Jlvwa~k za{w `doh{dhk rmj``r xjuc Rmzvk, kldj` doe rabjd` okuxawmjoh/ Eakr ucjrjekd xawm1 Ckwk jr d uzvjbd` wkr{ù9 Iaco @jvmjo, d cjhc rbcaa` ru{ekou jo766> #J u{uawke cjl naw uck RDU*, bdlk ua lz b`drrwaal doe lku Nkwodoea nwalBaàlgjd, Rkydw nwal U{wmkz doe Mdwjl nwal Hkwldoz/ Iaco hd~k ucklbao~kwrdujao vwdbujbk doe xdr jo~juke ua uck calkr an uckrk ru{ekour Iaco~jrjuke d`` an uckl a~kw uck oksu na{w zkdwr/ #@kdwo lawk gz baoudbujoh Iaco duid`jvmjoFhldj`/bal*/ GJG Vkovd`r jr do avvawu{ojuz naw za{w bcjè ua lkkuvkav`k xca xj`` hj~k do jorjek ua{w an bjujkr xcko za{w bcjè uwd~k`r, uck auckw

ru{ekou an Koh`jrc xj`` gk d àbd` h{jek/ Ralk an lz [/R/ ru{ekour cd~k uwd~k`kedwa{oe K{wavk xjuca{u rudzjoh jo d cauk`/J jo~juk za{ ua baoudbu lk ejwkbu`z xjuc za{w t{krujaor

:;5 >5> 375> lagj`kNwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/balRmzvk Ruk~kKoh`jrcUkdbckw

Ru{ekourZa{ cd~k Joukwoku rmj``r9 Ndbkgaam, kldj`, cax ua {rk Za{u{gk ua v`dbk d ~jeka anza{w rbcaa` jo kdrz wkdbc an lj``jaor an vkav`k

Xcz oau hku ralk ball{ojuz rkw~jbk ca{wr {rjoh ucark rmj``r ua jlvwa~k uck `j~kran auckw vkav`k1

J dl d ukdbckw an Koh`jrc dr d rkbaoe `doh{dhk/ Ukkodhkwr nwal K{wavk, Ra{ucDlkwjbd, Dnwjbd doe Drjd balk ua Nàwjed ua jlvwa~k uckjw dbbkour k~kwz r{llkw/Uckz wku{wo ua uckjw ba{ouwjkr doe drm lk ua njoe àbd` [/R/ ukkodhkwr ra uckz bdobaoujo{k ua jlvwa~k uckjw Koh`jrc/

Za{ cd~k xcdu gj``jaor an vkav`k xdou9 uck [/R/ dbbkou/ Lz ru{ekourmoax Gwjujrc Koh`jrc, g{u uckz xdou ua rvkdm `jmk za{ za{ xj`` ck`v xjuc dbbkouwke{bujao/

Jn za{ bcaark ua vdwujbjvduk jo ucjr ck`vn{` ljrrjao, uckwk dwk ralk w{`kr9d* Drm za{w vdwkour ua rju xjuc za{ e{wjoh uck njwru baoudbu gz Rmzvk/

g* Jn za{ nkk` {obalnawudg`k, ruav uck baoudbu doe ud`mr xjuc za{w vdwkour/D@RA9 wkvawu uck jobjekou uaNwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal / Za{ rca{è nkk`wkrvkbuke du k~kwz lalkou an uck Rmzvk bd`` doe uckwk rca{è gk va`jukejrb{rrjaor jo kldj` doe uksu bcdu/b* Rkoe lk d bavz an d`` kldj` lkrrdhkr doe Rmzvk bcdu lkrrdhkr/ J xj`` {rk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qx7Ie97Iofsmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qx7Ie97Iofsmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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ucark wkbawer ua bd`b{`duk uck ca{wr an ~a`{oukkw ujlk/

e* V`kdrk wkt{kru d `kuukw naw baonjwldujao an ~a`{oukkw ca{wr aobk d laouc/



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Lkrrdhk ua VdwkourNaw ucjr vwaikbu ua xawm r{bbkrrn{``z, za{w ck`v jr okkeke/ Rjobk za{ dwk d rd~~zxaw`e`z xjrk vkwrao, za{ bdo rjyk {v d vkwrao xca xdour ua `kdwo Koh`jrc9Jr uck vkwrao va`juk1

Uck vkav`k `jruke ao ucjr xkg vdhk dwk ru{ekour ucdu J cd~k ud{hcu/ J cd~kdeejujaod` `jrur an vkav`k xca cd~k drmke naw nwkk Koh`jrc `krraor g{u J cd~k oauud{hcu uckl ndbkuandbk/ Uckz dvvkdw ua gk rjobkwk vkav`k doe uckz dwk ekrvkwdukua jlvwa~k uckjw Koh`jrc/

Jn za{ rvkdm doauckw `doh{dhk9V`kdrk baorjekw uwdor`dujoh ucjr gaam joua za{w `doh{dhk/

@kur hku uckrk jekdr jo nwaou an lawk vkav`k/

Za{ cd~k vkwljrrjao ua uwdor`duk ucjr gaam joua auckw `doh{dhkr/



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>Ck`v do Aè Ldo#jo~juk d n{u{wk aè ldo ua rvkdm du za{w rbcaa`*

J cd~k jonawldujao dga{u cax ua {rk ukbcoaàhz jo b`drrwaalr ua wke{bk uck ujlk ucdu

ukdbckwr rvkoe ud`mjoh/ Xcz oau rcdwk ucjr jonawldujao1 Xcko J(l rjuujoh jo lz

ekducgke, J(`` àam gdbm doe wklklgkw uck bdwjoh, balvdrrjaoduk, dojlduke ke{bduawr J lku

dwa{oe uck xawè/

Xcz oau ck`v d n{u{wk aè ldo

ba``kbu ralk naoe lklawjkr1

Ck`v g{jè uck lklawjkr jo lz

ckde gz jo~jujoh lk ua rcax za{

cax ua

rcax za{w ru{ekour cax ua

g{jèejhjud` vawuna`jar #`jmk

vawuna jar du CjhcUkbcCjhc/awh*

{rk kgaamr lawk knnkbuj~k`z eaxoàde d{eja uwdbmr nwal Za{u{gk #ydlydw/bal, mkkv~je/bal*

v{u za{w kbu{wkr ao`jok #i{ru `jmk Rudonawe, LJU doe Gkwmk`kz*

eaxoàde ~jekar nwal Za{u{gk #ra za{ cd~k d ejhjud` `jgwdwz xcko uck Joukwoku jr oau

d~dj`dg`k jo za{w rbcaa`*

duuwdbu wk`{budou wkdekwr ua gaamr gz {rjoh d{eja BEr

g{jè uck ojok Hàgd` Rmj``r jo za{w ru{ekour xjuc vwaikbur doe ejrb{rrjaor

gwjoh uck xawè joua za{w b`drrwaal xjuc Rmzvk doe GJGVkovd`r/bal

`kbu{wk `krr xjuc EÊ doe BE e{v`jbdujao

{rk Ndbkgaam jo uck b`drrwaal {rk Rbwjge/bal doe auckw nj`k rcdwjoh àbdujaor ua wke{bk vcauabavzjoh barur #lawk ujlk

naw za{w ndlj`z*

g{jè za{w b`drrkr dwa{oe vwaikbur doe ejrb{rrjaor

g{jè jo aohajoh vwankrrjaod` ek~kàvlkou

h{jek ru{ekour ua njoe uckjw vdrrjaor doe ejrba~kw joukwkrur ucwa{hc ~a`{oukkwjoh a{urjek

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=te_P16UpYEAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=te_P16UpYEAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=te_P16UpYEAhttp://www.hightechhigh.org/schools/HTH/?show=dphttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7L07ZfzoJL8http://keepvid.com/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ld5yexNl5I0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWrgEjXGzfghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qx7Ie97Iofshttp://bibpenpals.com/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ha9Zn5Bh0Uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ha9Zn5Bh0Uhttp://scribd.com/theebookmanhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=te_P16UpYEAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=te_P16UpYEAhttp://www.hightechhigh.org/schools/HTH/?show=dphttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7L07ZfzoJL8http://keepvid.com/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ld5yexNl5I0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWrgEjXGzfghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qx7Ie97Iofshttp://bibpenpals.com/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ha9Zn5Bh0Uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ha9Zn5Bh0Uhttp://scribd.com/theebookman


41/96

rbcaa`

{rk uck G`dykm lkucae an h{jejoh vwaikbur #balv`kuk xjuc w{gwjbr doe ksdlv`kr*/

G`dykm(r BE an Ejhjud` Vwaikbur jr d~dj`dg`k naw %:: vkw BE, xjuc `jbkorjoh dwwdohklkour

du ejnnkwkou vwjbk vajour naw rld`` doe `dwhk rbcaa`r/ Ucwa{hc do dwwdohklkou xjuc Ew/G`dykm, J bdo

annkw d rdlv`k an

cjr BE naw i{ru %;

#ucdu(r lz baru J

vdrr uck BE ua

za{ dr vdwu an uck

xawmrcav*/ J(``

rcax za{ aok an

uck vwaikbur jo lz

xawmrcav doe jn

za{ xdou ua

ksvkwjlkou xjuc

uck rdlv`k BE, za{(`` vdz %; naw uck rdlv`k/ Za{ bdo ldmk bavjkr naw za{w rbcaa` ua {rk

uck rdlv`k /// doe za{ bdo baoudbu Ew/ G`dykm naw uck balv`kuk `jru an vwaikbur du

liG`dykmFcauldj`/bal/ J koeawrk ucjr `jru an vwaikbur xca`kckdwuke`z doe J(~k rkko cax

uck `jru bdo gk {rke jo doz b`drrwaal/ Ek~k`avke naw cjr Rabjd` Ru{ejkr doe Cjruawz ba{wrkr,

uck BE(r vwaikbur cd~k dvv`jbdujaor jo rbjkobkr, nawkjho `doh{dhkr, lduckldujbr, hwdlldw,

dwu, ewdld, l{rjb, vczrjbd` ke{bdujao doe auckw r{gikbu dwkdr/ #Uck vcaua rcaxr G`dykm jo

cjr b`drrwaal, vwkvdwjoh cjr ru{ekour naw uck oksu vcdrk an d vwaikbu/*

Xcdu ea ksvkwur rdz dga{u G`dykm(r BE an Ejhjud` Vwaikbur1

'G`dykm cdr ldek ju kdrz ua {rk vwaikbur jo uck b`drrwaal/ W{gwjbr, rdlv`kr an xcdu xk(wk

`aamjoh naw jo d haae vwaikbu, dwwdohke jo do kdrzuarkdwbc Xawe eab{lkou/ Ju eakro(u

hku gkuukw/' Ekoojr Z{ykodr, XcduEaZdMoax/bal

Xkru Vd`l Gkdbc, N@

'Ucjr jr haae/'

Ew/ Njrbc`kw, ruduke dnukw ~jkxjoh d vwauauzvk BE ao 7: I{`z 7644, Nawu @d{ekwed`k, N`d/,

dgk/UckRu{ekouJrUckB`drr/bal

'J(~k gkko {rjoh vwaikbur ua h{jek `kdwojoh jo lz b`drrwaal naw uko zkdwr doe J(~k ok~kw

mailto:[email protected]://whatdoyaknow.com/http://abe.thestudentistheclass.com/mailto:[email protected]://whatdoyaknow.com/http://abe.thestudentistheclass.com/


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rkko d lawk awhdojyke rzrukl naw ball{ojbdujoh ksvkbudujaor doe rudoedwer/ J ksvkbu

ucdu G`dykm(r BE xj`` rvdwm d nàae an jljuduawr/ J(l h`de J v{wbcdrke uck awjhjod`/ J rcax

uck BE ua ru{ekour doe uck kdw`z deavukwr dwk ejrb{rrjoh xcjbc vwaikbu uckz xj`` duuklvu

xjucjo uxa ljo{ukr/ Uck wkru an uck b`drr jr aogadwe xjucjo njnukko ljo{ukr/ J cd~k vwaikbu

gdrke `kdwojoh jo lz b`drrwaal xjuca{u ldmjoh d `krrao v`do doe uck xawm jrejnnkwkoujduke doe uck ru{ekour cd~k vkwraod`jyke uck vwaikbur ua lkku uckjw joej~je{d`

`kdwojoh had`r/ Ukdbcjoh i{ru hkur kdrjkw dr J xawm rldwukw/ Ucdom za{, Ew/ G`dykm/'

Ruk~k LbBwkd, H{jekaouckRjek/bal, d{ucaw anH{jek Ao uck Rjek #ukbcojt{kr naw

gwjohjoh vwaikbur ua za{w b drrwaal* doe @ku(r @kbu{wk @krr #d t{audujaor gaam xjuc

ballkoudwjkr ua 'wkrku za{w ljoerku'*/

D Vdwujd` @jru an Wkballkoeke Xkgrjukr doe ^jekarHa uaxxx/H{jekAoUckRjek/bal, àam naw `jomr doe rudwu b`jbmjoh/

Naw d `jru an vwaikbur ucdu v{u uckrk jekdr joua dbujao, ~jrjuxxx/XcduEaZdMoax/balcuuvr9!!rjukr/haah`k/bal!rjuk!`kur`kbu{wk`krr!ksdlv`kranvwaikbur xcjbc jr d`ra na{oe duUjoz[W@9 cuuv9!!ujoz{w`/bal!`kbu{wk`krr

Kowjt{k Haoyd`ky doe uck Okx @kdwojoh Joruju{uk cd~k uck k`klkour jo uck Ojhcujohd`kjojujduj~k/ @kdwo lawk9 ujoz{w`/bal!EEEàrdohk`kr doe ujoz{w`/bal!EEEwkvawu/

Kwjb Ldy{w doe Baonkrrjaor an d Bao~kwuke @kbu{wkw

Mdujk Hjlgdw doe uck n`jvvke b`drrwaal, nj/obr{/ke{!njyy

cuuv9!!ujoz{w`/bal!H{jekAoUckRjek naw uck `dwhkw gaam

xxx/TGKDbdeklz/oku Xj`` R{uckw`doer rbcaa`/xxx/Krrkoujd`Rbcaa`r/awh Uke Rjykw na{oeke ucjr bad`jujao/xxx/LkuBkoukw/awh Ekoojr @juumzr rbcaa`/xxx/BCDEvcj`d/awh Bcdwukw Cjhc Rbcaa` an Dwbcjukbu{wk doe Ekrjho, Vcj`dek`vcjd/

Ucdom za{ naw xk`baljoh uck Uwdornawljoh Za{w B`drrwaal xawmrcav jo za{w

rbcaa`9

UD@M Rbcaa` an @doh{dhkr, D~kou{wd, Nàwjed/#rvdbk jr wkrkw~ke ua `jru lawk rbcaa`r v`kdrk baoudbu lk du -4 :;5 >5> 375> aw^jr{d`DoeDbuj~kFhldj`/bal *

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D Za{u{gk bcdook`naw k~kwz ukdbckw xca xdour

aokEa za{ moax d vwjobjvd` xca xa{`e `jmk uacaru d nwkk xawmrcav1

Uck xawmrcav udmkr dga{u 4; ljo{ukr anhwa{v ujlk doe uck wkru jr xawmjoh xjuc

joej~je{d` ukdbckwr #dga{u 26 ua >6 ljo{ukr kdbc,ekvkoejoh ao uckjw `k~k` an joukwkru* ua bwkduk n`jvvke b`drrwaalr*/

Uck xawmrcav Uwdornawl Za{wB`drrwaal hj~kr za{9

d* Nwkk kgaamrg* D Za{u{gk bcdook` #jn za{ okke aok*b* H{jedobke* @jomr ua rk~kwd` N`jvvke B`drrwaal

ball{ojujkr an r{vvawuNwkk xawmrcav #:;5* >5> 375> #`jljuke ua;6 rbcaa`r vkw zkdw*

Xkwk annkwjoh uck xawmrcav nwkk uaba``kbu ukrujlaojd`r nwal ukdbckwr du;6 rbcaa`r gknawk hajoh rudukxjek/

UwdornawlUkdbcjoh/awhH{jekAoUckRjek/bal



44/96

Hku uck vaxkw an uck n`jvvke b`drrwaaldoe vkwraod`jydujao an za{w b{wwjb{`{l duwdjokw jr xdjujoh ua balk ua za{w rbcaa`/

Uck xawmrcav xj`` hj~k za{dbbkrr ua uck wkrkdwbc ucduck`vke Kowjt{k Haoyd`kyvkwraod`jyk uck b{wwjb{`{l ancjr @ar Dohk`kr ljee`k rbcaa`/

4/ N@KSJG@K HWA[V RJYK9 Jbdo joukwdbu xjuc {v ua 76

vdwujbjvdour du d ujlk/7/ BALV[UKWR9 Ju xj`` ck`v jnxk cd~k dbbkrr ua balv{ukwrdoe Joukwoku, g{u ju jr oau

okbkrrdwz/

2/ LDUKWJD@R9 Nwkk kgaamr doe Za{u{gk ~jekar/

5/ VWKVDWDUJAO UJLK9 N`ksjg`k/ J`` xawm xjuc za{w vdwujbjvdour/ Jnuckz cd~k oa ujlk gknawk uck xawmrcav, xk bdo t{jbm`z gwjohvdwujbjvdour {v ua rvkke/

;/ UJLK AN EDZ9 N`ksjg`k/

>/ O[LGKW AN LJO[UKR9 Uck gdrjb jonawldujao jr ek`j~kwke kjuckwgknawk uck xawmrcav #~jd za{u{gk aw kldj`* aw jo uck xawmrcav #4;ljo{ukr naw uck gdrjb jonawldujao*/

8/ NAWLDU an uck XAWMRCAV9 Uko ljo{ukr an vwkxawmrcavvwkvdwdujao jr ck`vn{`, {r{d``z du `kdru aok edz dckde, job`{ejoh d rcawukldj` ksbcdohk xjuc uck uwdjokw/

A[UBALK9 K~kwz ukdbckw xca xdour d Za{u{gk bcdook` xj`` cd~k aokua r{vvawu d n`jvvke b`drrwaal/

3/ NA@@AX[V9 Okx jonawldujao udmkr l{ùjv`k ksvar{wkr ua uwdornkwnwal xawmjoh lklawz ua àohukwl lklawz/ Xk wkballkoe d 7826:6 na`àx{v v`do/

Xjucjo 7 edzr9 rcawu kldj` ksbcdohk xjuc kdbc vdwujbjvdou/

8 edzr9 kldj` aw uk`kvcaok bd`` ua bckbm dga{u dvv`zjoh uckukbcojt{kr

26 edzr9 avujaod` ~jeka ~jrju xckwk uck vdwujbjvdou ldmkr d nkxvcauar an uck bcdohkr ldek jo uck b`drrwaal #xjuc nkkegdbm nwal uck



45/96

xawmrcav vwkrkoukw*

:6 edzr9 avujaod` kldj` aw vcaok bd`` wk~jkx/ Xcdu deejujaod`ukbcojt{kr bdo gk deeke aw wkjonawbke1

Ua gwjoh ucjr jooa~duj~k vwahwdl ua za{w rbcaa`, bd`` :;5 >5> 375>

Auckw xawmrcavr d~dj`dg`k9 Cax ua Rudwu [rjoh Ejhjud` Vawuna`jar



46/96

J ekbjeke ua ruav `kbu{wjoh rk~kwd` zkdwr dhadoe lz ru{ekour cd~k gkko dbuj~k doekohdhke jo b`drr k~kw rjobk/ G{u aobk jo d

xcj`k J r`jv gdbm joua ucdu `kbu{wjoh cdgju, doeuck ljo{uk J ea, lz ru{ekour d`ra r`jv gdbmjoua ucdu ru{vaw ucdu ldek lk dgdoeao uckvwdbujbk jo uck njwru v`dbk/ Idlkr Y{`` #7667*Uck Dwu an Bcdohjoh uck Gwdjo, vdhk 478

KSVKBUDUJAOR9

4/ Uck vdwujbjvdou #za{* jr ksvkbuke ua ekrbwjgk du `kdru uxa

xdzr ua vwalauk uwdornawldujao jo rbcaa`r/7/ Uck vdwujbjvdou #za{* jr ksvkbuke ua koe uck xawmrcavxjuc d r{lldwz an du `kdru aok xdz ua rcdwk xcdu jrejrb{rrke jo Njrbc`kw(r kgaam #d~dj`dg`k du UwdornawlKe{bdujao/bal*/ Vdwujbjvdujao jo uckRzrukljbBcdohk/xawevwkrr/bal ballkoudwz jr avujaod`/

Xk cd~k uxa jlvawudou va`jbjkr9

d* Xk drm za{ ua iajo {r jo àamjoh bdwkn{``z du a{w{oksdljoke drr{lvujaor/ Ju jr ~kwz ejnnjb{ù ua jorvkbua{w jou{juj~k`z dvvkd`joh gk`jknr, dr Ew/ Wjbcdwe K/ B`dwmbd``r uckl/

g* Xk drm za{ ua ldmk d ~jeka aw udmk vjbu{wkrGKNAWK doe DNUKW uck xawmrcav/ Rkoe du `kdru aokksdlv`k an za{w okx `krraor jo dbujao, xjuc du `kdru ukoljo{ukr an d{eja/ 'Vkwnawl za{w {oekwrudoejoh' #{rjohCaxdwe Hdweokwr vcwdrk* doe rcax {r cax za{ cd~k v{u

uck okx vwjobjv`kr joua dbujao/

Uck xawmrcav jr i{ru uck gkhjoojoh

Xcdu dga{u uck na`àx {v ua uck xawmrcav1

http://systemicchange.wordpress.com/http://systemicchange.wordpress.com/


47/96

7 8 45 26 :6 Na``ax [v

7 edzr9 Xcdu ea za{ wklklgkw nwal uck njwrulkkujoh1 Xcdu ea za{ v`do ua {rk jo za{w oksub`drr1Ldmk d GKNAWK doe

DNUKW ~jeka

8 edzr9 Xcdu eje za{ {rk1doe Cax eje za{w njwru n`jvvkeb`drr ha1

45 edzr9 Cax eje za{w rkbaoe

n`jvvke b`drr ha1 doe Xcduuca{hcur ea za{ cd~k dga{u uckdwujb`kr za{~k wkde wkbkou`z1

26 edzr9 Cax jr ju hajoh1 doe Xcdu cd~k za{uca{hcu dga{u wkbkou`z1

:6 edzr9 Xcdu ea za{ xdou ua `kdwo oksu1

Xawmrcavr ucdu ldmk d ejnnkwkobk9^jr{d`DoeDbuj~kFhldj`/bal



48/96

Xcdu xj`` juudmk naw za{

ua baoudbu dàbd` rbcaaèjwkbuaw1

Xcdu xj`` ju udmk

ua la~k za{ uadbu1Uckz #ukkodhk gazr* eaou wkd``z `jrukoua rvkkbckr aw ud`mr/ Uckz dgrawgjobwklkoud``z, ucwa{hc ca{wr doe ca{wran agrkw~dujao/ Wag @axk,Ruawjkr J Ao`z Uk`` Lz

Nwjkoer

Xcdu xawerba{è J uzvk uala~k za{ uaàam {v d vcaoko{lgkw doe

drm, Cax bdo Jck`v1

Xcdu t{audujao rca{è J v{uao ucjr vdhk1

Uck vcaua ao ucjr vdhk balkrnwal @{bjoed, xca jo~jukr za{ uavwdbujbk Koh`jrc xjuc ckw gz

xwjujoh ua ckw kldj` deewkrr9la`{4245F47>/bal

http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/438483.Rob_Lowehttp://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/15110962http://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/15110962http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/438483.Rob_Lowehttp://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/15110962http://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/15110962


49/96

Xcdu vcauarxj`` la~k za{ ua

rkdwbc naw uckkldj` deewkrran d àbd` rbcaaàw uck vcaoko{lgkw an dodnukwrbcaa`

vwahwdl1

J dl oau d ukdbckw, g{u do dxdmkokw/ Wagkwu Nwaru

Xcdu xj`` ju udmkua jorvjwk za{ uagk uck lkouawucdu za{ xkwkgawo ua gk1

Ea oau uwdjo d bcjè ua `kdwo gz nawbk awcdwrcokrr= g{u ejwkbu uckl ua ju gz xcdudl{rkr uckjw ljoer, ra ucdu za{ ldz gk

gkuukw dg`k ua ejrba~kw xjuc dbb{wdbz uck

vkb{`jdw gkou an uck hkoj{r an kdbc/ V`dua

http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7715.Robert_Frosthttp://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Platohttp://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7715.Robert_Frosthttp://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato


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A@E9 Uk`` uck ru{ekour, 'Ea ucjr/'

OAX9 Drm uckru{ekour, 'Xcdu eaza{ ucjom1'

A@E9 Rdz, '@jruko ua ucjr/'

OAX9 'Njoeralkucjoh ucdu za{`jmk `jrukojoh ua/'

A@E9 'Za{ okke ua {rk uckrk uaa`r/'

OAX9 '[rk d vko, dvkobj`, d balv{ukw awxcduk~kw/ Ju(r za{wbcajbk/'

A@E9 'Na`àx uckrk rukvr///'

OAX9 'Cax dwk za{hajoh ua ea ucjr1'

A@E9 'Na`àx ucjr vduukwo/'

OAX9 'Ldmkralkucjoh ucdu za{

xdou ua axo/'

A@E9 Ru{ekou rdzr, 'J moax ucjr/'Ukdbckw wkv`jkr, 'Za{ okke uckvwdbujbk/ Ea ju dhdjo/'

OAX9 'Jn za{ moaxucjr, uwz xcdu za{xdou ua ea/'

A@E9 'U{wo ua vdhk 5;/'OAX9 'Xcdu ea za{xdou ua wkde uaedz1'

A@E9 Ukdbckw rdzr9 'Za{ ndj`ke uckukru/'

OAX9 'Xk `kdwo nwal

a{w ljrudmkr/ Xa{èza{ `jmk ua wk~jkxxcdu za{ ljrrke doeucko udmk uck ukru

dhdjo oksu xkkm1'

A@E9 'Ucdu jr oau d`àxke' aw 'Xkbdo(u ea ucdu, xk eao(u cd~k ucklaokz/'

OAX9 'Cax xk bdo eaucjr1'

A@E9 '[rk uckrk xawer ua nj`` jo ucjrxawmrckku/'

OAX9 'Xawmuahkuckw, bwkdukralkucjoh xjuc uckrkxawer/'

A@E9 'Xk cd~k ua {rk uckuksugaam/'

OAX9 'Xca xdour uanjoe d ~jeka1' aw

'Xca xdour ua ldmkd xkgvdhk1'

A@E9 'U{wo ua za{w vdwuokw/'

OAX9 Xca xdour ua{rk Rmzvk ua ea dvwaikbu xjuc d ru{ekoujo Bcjod1

A@E9 @kbu{wjoh ua uck b`drr9

'Vwkvdwk ua udmk oaukr/ Uckwk xj`` gkd ukru ao Nwjedz/'

OAX9 Drm ru{ekour ua`kde ejrb{rrjaor/

A@E9 Ud`mjoh ua uck ru{ekour job`drr/

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal;6


51/96

OAX9 Ukdbckw ldmkrd ~jeka, v{ur ju aoZa{u{gk doe drmr uckru{ekour ua xdubc ju/Ucko cd~k d ejrb{rrjao uck oksuedz dga{u uck rcawu ~jeka/

A@E9 Ucjr jr d ukru/ Ea oau `aam dudozgaezr xawm/

OAX9 Xawm xjuc za{wukdl ua ra`~k uckvwag`kl/

A@E9 'Ucdu jr oau jo uaedz(r `krraov`do/'

OAX9 Ucdu(r d haaejekd/ Ea za{ xdou ua

rudwu xawmjoh ao juoax aw ualawwax1 A@E< uck xdz ldoz an {r xkwk ud{hcu/OAX < uck xdz ukdbckwr awhdojykb`drrwaalr du LkuBkoukw/awh,~korvjwk/bal,BCDEVcj`d/awh, advg/awh,XcduEaZdMoax/bal, cjhcukbccjhc/awh=uckrk vwabke{wkr bdo gk na{oe jo UckGjh Vjbu{wk9 Ke{bdujao jr K~kwzgaez(rG{rjokrr gz Ekoojr @juumz doe ao uckJoukwoku du za{u{gk/bal!GV`kdwojoh/

http://metcenter.org/http://venspire.com/http://chadphila.org/http://oapb.org/http://whatdoyaknow.com/http://hightechthigh.org/http://yotuube.com/BPlearninghttp://metcenter.org/http://venspire.com/http://chadphila.org/http://oapb.org/http://whatdoyaknow.com/http://hightechthigh.org/http://yotuube.com/BPlearning


52/96

Xcdu ea za{ hku xcko za{ Uwdornawl Za{w

B`drrwaal1

Uck Rjyy`kUck N`jvvke B`drrwaalhkuLdoz ukdbckwr udmk uck uwdjojoh ua hku rudwuke xjuc d Za{u{gk bcdook` doeua `kdwo nwal uwdjokwr xca cd~k zkdwr an ksvkwjkobk jo {rjoh ~jekar uar{vvawu uck b`drrxawm/

Uck VarukwrUck ru{ekour doe dozaok xca koukwr uck b`drrwaal xj`` gk bdwwjke dàohuaxdwe d ba``dgawduj~k ljoerku gz àamjoh du za{w b`drrwaal xd``r/ Uck

t{aukr dwk v{``ke nwal Ew/ Njrbc`kwr t{aukr doe ballkoudwjkr gaam/

Uck Nwkk KgaamrHku 766 nwkk kgaamr xjuca{u rvkoejoh ca{wr eaxoàdejoh uckl1 Xcz oau1

Uck Na{oedujao

Ew/ Njrbc`kwr BallkoudwjkrWkvkduke ksvar{wk ua uck ballkoudwjkr xj`` bd{rk gwdjo hwaxuc/ Jn ewj~joh d

udsj jo @aoeao bdo bd{rk deejujaod` ok{waor ua rvwa{u, xcz oau uck xawer anvjaokkwr an ke{bdujao1

Uck Nwkk Ao`jok T{auk Ba{wrkZa{`` hku lawk a{u an uck Uwdornawl Za{w B`drrwaal xawmrcav jn za{cd~k d`wkdez udmko uck nwkk Ao`jok T{auk Ba{wrk/ Njoe ju duUwdornawlUkdbcjoh/awh/

Uck LkduDwujb`kr gz Wjbcdwe K/ B`dwm #doe auckwr*Xk wkballkoeke ucdu za{ wkde ldukwjd`r dga{u xawmjoh lklawz, cax uck

gwdjo `kdwor doe d{ualduke moax`kehk/ Vkav`k xca xdou ua gkbalkgkuukw ukdbckwr wkde uckrk dwujb`kr/ Uck hwaxjoh `jru an `jomr jr ldjoudjoke duUwdornawlUkdbcjoh/awh doe za{ dwk jo~juke ua hku rudwuke/



53/96

D Xd`` naw Ballkour dga{u T{audujaorUck na``axjoh vdhkr dwk ralk an uck varukwr ucdu xk hj~k ua vdwujbjvdourjo uck Uwdornawl Za{w B`drrwaal xawmrcav/ Za{ dwk koba{wdhke ua

ejruwjg{uk uckrk varukwr jo za{w rbcaa`/ Xcz oau rudwu d ballkourxd`` xckwk ru{ekour, ukdbckwr, vwjobjvd`r doe vdwkour #doe auckw a{urjeklkouawr* varu uckjw wkxawejohr an uckrk t{audujaor1Za{ bdo eaxo`ade uckrk varukwr nwal rbwjge/bal ducuuv9!!xxx/rbwjge/bal!eab!4627>;354!VARUKWRjoBA@AWNjrbc`kwT{aukruaGkbalkdoDhkouanBcdohk /

Oauk9 Hku d wdyaw g`dek aw d rcdwvmojnk/ Ha dckde9 B{u uck vdhkrnwal ucjr gaam/

http://www.scribd.com/doc/103265841/POSTERS-in-COLOR-Fischler-Quotes-to-Become-an-Agent-of-Changehttp://www.scribd.com/doc/103265841/POSTERS-in-COLOR-Fischler-Quotes-to-Become-an-Agent-of-Changehttp://www.scribd.com/doc/103265841/POSTERS-in-COLOR-Fischler-Quotes-to-Become-an-Agent-of-Changehttp://www.scribd.com/doc/103265841/POSTERS-in-COLOR-Fischler-Quotes-to-Become-an-Agent-of-Change


54/96

Ra{wbk9 do jldhk na{oe ducuuv9!!uck`dg{ormjr/g`ahrvau/bal!7644!46!gaamvdhkbcwzrdouckl{lu{uawjd`/cul`

http://thelabunskis.blogspot.com/2011/10/book-page-chrysanthemum-tutorial.htmlhttp://thelabunskis.blogspot.com/2011/10/book-page-chrysanthemum-tutorial.htmlhttp://thelabunskis.blogspot.com/2011/10/book-page-chrysanthemum-tutorial.htmlhttp://thelabunskis.blogspot.com/2011/10/book-page-chrysanthemum-tutorial.htmlhttp://thelabunskis.blogspot.com/2011/10/book-page-chrysanthemum-tutorial.html


55/96

Za{ dwkdo

dhkouan

bcdohkJn za{ xdou ua rkk bcdohk joke{bdujao, za{ cd~k ua ea ju

#oau i{ru ud`m dga{u ju*/Za{ cd~k ua gwjoh d hwa{v anvkav`k uahkuckw/ Ju(r hajoh

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal;;


56/96

ua udmk zkdwran balljulkou, dwh{lkou

doe ekgduk/Za{ cd~k ua eklaoruwdukucdu za{ dwk vwae{bjoh dvwae{bu ucdu xk okke/

UwdornawlKe{bdujao/bal UwdornawlUkdbcjoh/awh

Ke{ukbcNa{oedujao/oku dgk/UckRu{ekouJrUckB`drr/bal

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal;>


57/96

^jrju GJGVkovd`r/bal

Za{u{gk/bal!GJGvkovd`r

Ckwkr ralkaok xca xdour uavwdbujbk Koh`jrc gz Rmzvk,

Ndbkgaam doe kldj`9

Vd`ald jo Gwdyj`9vd`aldQawukhdrFcauldj`/bal



58/96

Uck b{ù{wkjo d rbcaa`

rudwur du uck

uav doenjùkwr eaxo/

Eakr jonawldujao nàx gauc xdzr1Ea ru{ekour ralkujlkr ukdbc uckjw

ukdbckwr@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal;3


59/96

dga{u cax ua {rk nkdu{wkr an okxukbcoa`ahjkr1

UwdornawlKe{bdujao/bal UwdornawlUkdbcjoh/awhKe{ukbcNa{oedujao/oku


@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal;:


60/96




Ndbkgaam doe kldj`9

Nwdobk9 gkoidljo/e{ldzFcauldj`/nw

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal>6


61/96

Ujlk jr d~dwjdg`k/Dwgjuwdwz `kdwojoh xjucjo njske

ujlk vkwjaer bdo gk k`jljoduke,j/k/, oa 4ru, 7oe, 2we, kub/ hwdekr/Ru{ekour bdo gk hwa{vke xjuc ldukwjd`r dvvwavwjduk ua uckjw `kdwojoh

`k~k` {rjoh uck balv{ukw drrjruke joruw{bujao #BDJ* dvvwadbc naw Koh`jrcdoe lduc, doe vwaikbur naw auckw r{gikbur/ Uck vwaikbur hj~ko ua uckru{ekour ldubc dwk wk`duke ua uck ru{ekour #uckjw joukwkrur doe uckjw

`j~kr*/ Naw ksdlv`k, jo 2we hwdek, cax xa{è za{ ru{ez uck dla{ou anxdukw ucdu d v`dou okker ua hwax1 Wduckw ucdo ru{ezjoh cjruawz ucwa{hc

lklawjydujao doe bcwaoaàhz, ju bdo gk ru{ejke ucwa{hc vwag`klr gdrkeao uck jllkejduk ko~jwaolkou naw za{ohkw bcjèwko doe lawk dgruwdbu

baobkvur jo `dukw hwdekr/

Ucjr varukw xdr ldek gz ru{ekour xca u{woke d ODRD eab{lkou joua k~kwzedz@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal>4


62/96

`doh{dhk/Gdrk`ade RvdbkGdrke Ra`dw Vaxkw gkbalk K`kbuwjbjuz nwal Rvdbk/

Uck `krrao v`do jr na{oe ao RVdbkVducDckde/bal, d oaovwanju awhdojydujao/





63/96




Ndbkgaam doe kldj`9

Nd`~jd #Gwdyj`* n`dQldwujorQ33Fcauldj`/bal



64/96

Ujlk jr d~dwjdg`k/@kdwojoh

xjucjonjskeujlkvkwjaerbdo gk#oa 4ru,

7oe, 2we,kub/hwdekr/

Jorukde, ru{ekour bdo gk hwa{vke xjuc ldukwjd`rdvvwavwjduk ua uckjw `kdwojoh `k~k` {rjoh uck balv{ukwdrrjruke joruw{bujao #BDJ* dvvwadbc naw Koh`jrc doe lduc, doe

vwaikbur naw auckw r{gikbur/ Uck vwaikbur hj~ko ua uckru{ekour dwk wk`duke ua uck ru{ekour #uckjw joukwkrur doeuckjw `j~kr*/

Wduckw ucdo ru{ezjoh cjruawz ucwa{hc lklawjydujao doebcwaoa`ahz, ju bdo gk ru{ejke ucwa{hc vwag`klr gdrke ao uckjllkejduk ko~jwaolkou naw za{ohkw bcj`ewko doe lawk



65/96

dgruwdbu baobkvur jo `dukw hwdekr/Ucjr varukw xdr ldek gz ru{ekour xca u{woke d ODRD eab{lkou joua k~kwzedz

`doh{dhk/Gdrk`ade RvdbkGdrke Ra`dw Vaxkw gkbalk K`kbuwjbjuz nwal Rvdbk/

Uck `krrao v`do jr na{oe ao RVdbkVducDckde/bal, d oaovwanju awhdojydujao/



@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal>;


66/96




Ndbkgaam doe kldj`9

Bcwjrujdo>47Fxkg/ekgjbzb`k kouc{rjdru jo Hkwldoz

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal>>


67/96

Lduc jr d`doh{dhk

/

Lduc jr d xdz an

{rjoh d `auan rzoaozlr/Aok t{dwukw jr `jmk



68/96

7; a{u an 466 aw 54 a{u an4>5/

Xk okke ua gkn`ksjg`k/





69/96




Ndbkgaam doe kldj`9

Ndbkgaam9 dclde/d`ydcwj Rd{ej carvjud` deljojruwduaw

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal>:


70/96

R{rvkoei{ehlkou/

Jr uck haènjrc ekde1Aw eje uck ukdbckw joikbuuck njrc xjuc d rkeduj~k1

Xcko ck xdr agrkw~ke ua gkbalk bkwujnjkeua ukdbc jo Okx Zawm rbcaa`r, Ew/

Njrbc`kw drmke d hwa{v an ru{ekour ua àam

du uck udj` an d ekde njrc {oekw dljbwarbavk/ Xcko uckz rdx uck gàaenàxjoh, ucjr ejrbwkvdou k~kou ck`vke uckru{ekour rkk ucdu uckz cde drr{lke ucdu

uck njrc xdr oau d`j~k/@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal86


71/96





72/96




Ndbkgaam doe kldj`9

D vwankrraw jo Gwdyj` xca xdour ua

vwdbujbk rk~kwd` `doh{dhkrId`{jnFzdcaa/bal/gw



73/96

Xk bdowkrku uck

ljoerku/Nwal

`jruko uauck

ukdbckw///

ua `ku(r@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal82


74/96


75/96




Ndbkgaam doe kldj`9

dged`oand`Fhldj`/bald ukdbckw jo Rd{ej Dwdgjd



76/96

Nwal Vwjobjv`kr an Joruw{bujao gz Gdwdm Warkorcjok/



77/96




Ndbkgaam doe kldj`9

@{bjoed jo Bcjod

la`{4245F47>/bal

Do ksbkwvu nwal do kldj` lkrrdhk gz @{bjoed9

j dvvwkbjduk uck bwjujbd` rvjwju an uck ru{ekour jo [R/ j cavk j cd~k ucdu rvjwjuxcko j ndbk d vwag`kl xcjbc jr vwa~ke ua gk wjhcu aw xwaoh/ uck {oj~kwrjujkr jobcjod ldmk lk nkk` ejrdvvajouke gkbd{rk uck ba{wrkr dwk i{ru ukdbcjoh za{ uardz 'zkr', g{u oau ua ucjom ekkv`z/ ra jn varrjg`k, j xj`` duukoe rbcaa` jo [RD/



78/96

Rbjkobkjr d ~kwg

D rbjkobk `dg jr d v`dbk nawdbujao,

oau i{ru lklawjydujao#Gabd Vwkv Joukwodujaod`, N`awjed*





79/96




Ndbkgaam doe kldj`9

RMZVK9 kud4727667 do kohjokkw jo Khzvu



80/96

Uckru{ekou

jr uckb`drr



81/96

Ekoojr Z{ykodr #XcduEaZdMoax/bal*koba{wdhkr cjr cjhc rbcaa` ru{ekour ua

gwjoh uckjw balv{ukwr joua cjr b`drrwaal uaea vwaikbur, rkdwbc uck Joukwoku doe

ba``dgawduk jo ukdlr/





82/96


83/96

Xcdu eaza{ xdou

ua ud`mdga{u1Ballkoudwz9 Uck b{ù{wk an

uck b`drrwaal bcdohkr nwal

Hku a{u vko doe vdvkw/Udmk oaukr/ Vwkvdwk naw d

ukru ao Nwjedz/ Uck okx

b{ù{wk jr, Ckz, dwk za{

hajoh ua lkoujao ucdu

xkgrjuk dga{u ldmjoh

k`kbuwjbjuz nwal rvdbk1 Cax

dga{u ucdu Ndbkgaam hwa{v ua

gkbalk d b{ù{wd`

dlgdrrdeaw1



84/96

Ru{ekour dwwj~k jo

b`drrksvkbujoh uavdwujbjvduk/

Hku d nwkk kgaam du UwdornawlUkdbcjoh/awh/

@kdwo lawk du Ke{ukbcNa{oedujao/oku, UwdornawlKe{bdujao/bal doe

dgk/UckRu{ekouJrUckB`drr/bal/



85/96




Ndbkgaam doe kldj`9

Nwal Joejd, `j~joh jo Gjwljohcdl, Koh`doe9

xdwedhkljojFcauldj`/bal Rmzvk9 xdwed47886



86/96

Ru{ekour jo Nawu @d{ekwed`k,

N`awjed ud`m ao Rmzvk

xjuc

ru{ekour joN`awjdoava`jr, Gwdyj`/

Ua dwwdohk uckrk rawur

an ejrb{rrjaor, ha ua

Za{u{gk/bal!GJGVkovd`r/bal/

Hku deejujaod` jonawldujao du

GJGVkovd`r/bal

Xcduea za{xdou ua

ejrb{rr1Ballkoudwz9 D vkwrao xca xdour ua ud`m dga{uralkucjoh anuko xdour ua hj~k d rcawu `kbu{wk awvwkrkoudujao/ Xcko xk drm dga{u d ejrb{rrjao, ucjr

lkdorxk dwk wkdez ua `jruko ua auckw@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal3>


87/96

vkav`k/Uck b`drrwaal an uck n{u{wk xawmrgkru xcko ru{ekour dwwj~k wkdez ua ejrb{rr/ Hku

d nwkk kgaam du UwdornawlUkdbcjoh/awh/





88/96




Ndbkgaam doe kldj`9



89/96

Xcdu eaza{ xdou ua

`kdwouaedz1Ballkoudwz9 Uck b{`u{wk an uck

uwdejujaod` b`drrwaal jr Ucjr jr

lduc b`drr/ Xk eao(u ud`m dga{u

cjruawz aw nawkjho `doh{dhkr jo

ckwk/ Ac1 Jo uckrbcaa` an uckn{u{wk, xk rudwuxjuc uck ru{ekou/Xcdu jr uck ru{ekou joukwkruke jo

`kdwojoh uaedz1 Xk bdo njoe

lduckldujbr jo cjruawz,

bckljruwz jo Koh`jrc `jukwdu{wk, vczrjbr jo

Rvdojrc, doe nawkjho `doh{dhkr jo d`laru doz



90/96

r{gikbu/


@kdwo lawk du Ke{ukbcNa{oedujao/oku, UwdornawlKe{bdujao/bal doedgk/UckRu{ekouJrUckB`drr/bal/

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal:6


91/96




Ndbkgaam doe kldj`9

Rmzvk9 Oa~jorcdcwa{ej loh/o/766>Fhldj`/bal



92/96

Uck Ru{ekoujr uck b`drr/Ballkoudwz9

Uck b{wk

nawgawjohjr

joej~je{d` duukoujao/

Jn ukdbckwr moax uck had`r an kdbc joej~je{d`, uckok~kwz ru{ekou bdo cd~k do Joej~je{d` Ke{bdujaoV`do #JKV* doe uck rbcaa` xawm bdo k~a`~k ua

lkku uck vdrrjaor doe rmj``r ucdu joej~je{d`rxdou ua ek~k`av/B`drrwaal vwaikbur bdo ldubc uck joukwkrur anru{ekour/ Ejrb{rrjaor bdo hwax nwal xcduk~kwru{ekour gwjoh ua b`drr/



93/96






94/96



Uckrk dwk rjobkwk vkav`k xca cd~k rkou {r

ldoz wkt{krur naw bao~kwrdujao vwdbujbk9

Ucdj`doe9 l;;;mkook`Fhldj /bal



95/96

Ckwk jr d vcaua nwal Bcjod #rkou gz @{bjoed*

ucjr jr uck vduc ua lz calk/ ju(r `juu`k edwm doe edlv, g{u j `a~k ju

Xcz oau xwjuk ua ckw doe rkoe ralk vcauar an za{w bjuz1

@kur @kbu{wk @krr NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal:;


96/96

@kur `kbu{wk `krr@kur njoe a{u xcdu uck ru{ekour okke

@kur njoe a{u xcdu uck ru{ekour xdou ua `kdwo

Lawk `kdwojoh jr udmjoh v`dbk jo ucjr vjbu{wk ucdo xcko Jl`kbu{wjoh/ #@jgwdwz du Gabd Vwkv Joukwodujaod`,

gabdvwkv/oku*/

Ucjr gaam cdr gkko awhdojyke ua rcjnu za{ nwal d wkbkvuj~k kdwokw#vdrrj~k* ua d vdwujbjvdujoh kdwokw #dbuj~k*/ Naw ujvr dga{u cax uagwjoh vwaikbur doe ejrb{rrjaor joua za{w b`drrkr, ~jrjuxxx/H{jekAouckRjek/bal/

V`kdrk ~jrju xxx/^jr{d`doeDbuj~k/bal/ Za{`` rkk d `jru an rk~kwd`ukdbckwr xca rcdwk uck vcj`aravcz an `kur `kbu{wk `krr/

Ra, jo~juk ralkaok nwal uck ^jr{d` doe Dbuj~k ukdl ua za{w rbcaa`/Za{`` wkbkj~k d nwkk d{eja BE/ NwkkKoh`jrc@krraorFhldj`/bal
http://www.guideontheside.com/http://www.visualandactive.com/mailto:[email protected]://www.guideontheside.com/http://www.visualandactive.com/mailto:[email protected]

let's lecture less 2012 edition, color 78 pages clark sweller and kirschner

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