letter, subject: miscellaneous reports related to the ... · .pq@l@’@ qf ~~b~-m- ap~w*-...
TRANSCRIPT
J“3/37Q,~$P’” j. !4” +’
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1. PmM@qaw-Raprt (EiaenWd) MajorGeneral,U.S.AmytoDE: (UC) (Righer) on Con- Commandertambatioaofthomkuryutim >Lp
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MERRILEISEWD
CONWMINATIONOF’THE FUNUfUUW ANO ASSOCIATEDIN JAPAN: PRELIMINARYREPORT ●
someof theobservationsmadeduringmy tiaitto
PRODLEU9
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to aaaletin thevariousproblemsar2singoutofths mishap to tiIJZYUMaIU. I am sendingthisr’.ongto you at th$sthe becauseyou
willno doubtwanta pzwli,minaryreportprior to my returnto the states. in about2 weekso
ThiememoranchmIs intendedto augmentthe reportthatD!%Mortonwilleutsaitto you, I haveattemptedta limit~self to factorsotherthanthoseassociatedwiththeclinicalphasesof $heproblem,withwhichDr,Mortontsgroupareconcerned.
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THE INCIDEWT
Tlw ~hapwhichbefell theFukuryuMarubuc* knownto theEmbassyandtheworldon Mamh 16 throughreportsin the Japanesepress~ Thiswas twodaysaftertheX)0-tonfishingvesselhad returnedto its~-%portof Yaisu. Ths factoof theincident,asctetermined& the~ForeignOfficeand communicated(1)to theAmba~ssfler$am .-o fo~’.d~ .
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(1) The courseof thevesselfromito departureon Januarv27to itu m+
March1 a streakof light’rep&ted~ the crew is believedto i~enti~ thotimeof detonation.Thevessel~apositionwas approximately1X $3~~northarxi166°ti+~east. Thispositionis onlya fewmilesfromtheeasterr~.::tlimitafthe MarshallIslandsdangerareain effectat thattimet
(2) ma blastsin $uccessionwereheardabout7 or 8 minutesafterthelighthadbeenseen, The Grewis msportedto ha~ becomeap rehensive
fandbeganat thattimeto haul3n theirfiehlnglines, an operaton whichcontinueduntil1030hours,at wh$chtimethe vesselheadednorth~!togetout of the areaw~
(3) At abwt 0700on J@oh 1, ashesbeganto fall,turningthedeckwhite, ThS p~sittinof thevesselat thisthe is givenat ll”5631~!~nm%h and166 l@31eastc The asheskeptfallinguntilt “-~twh~~. timethepositionof the vesselwas estimatr:at 12°Ik~r“... : :’;’5; ●
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(1) AideMemoirwof March27
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.pq@l@’@ Qf ~~b~ -m- ap~w*-In responseto certainquestionswhichtheAmbassadoraskedthe
ForeignSertice,tho follwingInfonzationwas recei~do It shedssomelighton the sequenceof eventsduringthe2 days followingthe returnof theFukwyu Maruto Yaizu,butbsfonsthemishaphadcometo theattentionof theEInbS8sy.
(1) The crewfirstcontactedtheship~sowner,andthedirectorof theFS8henaan1aunion. On theday d theirreturncrewmembersxhoWerCseriou$lYaffectedconsulteda physicianof theKyoritsuHospitai~
(2) TWO of the fishermen,Yamamtoandiasuda,whowere in more seriousconditionleftthe KyorltsuonMarch15 forTOQO whe~ theyvisitedDoctorShimiauat theTokyoUniversityHospital,
(~) professorShl.okawamaderadiationmeasurementsof the shiponMarch16 and on the b88i8of hisfindingsall of thecrawmembersconsulteda physicianwho recommendedthatthemenbe hospitalized*
THE ROLEOF THE JAPANESESOIENTISIW
Duringthe latterhalfofMarchtheJapaneseptisawas fedcontinually~withaen8atlonalstatementsfromJ8pWle8eScientists.The motivationOf theJapaneaewere nevarquiteunderstood@P us butthe followingfactors:~be enumeratedas pertinentto ourlackof prwgressin dealingwiththem:
(1) Int low privateconversationthat1 hadw%th Dr.Tevzul”‘ hishomeon theeveningofllarchZk,he was frankIn statinghie app~thattheAmericanscientistswoulddenyhimand hisas~ociz%espr.x’e...~r;...z’eco~tiondue themfortheiraccomplishmentsin thediagnosisandtr8a* .mentof the fishermen.He referredfrequentlyto hisexperiencein 19&~whenhe leadthe teamsof’Jap~ese investigatorsintoHiroshimaandNagasakimly to havehisworkinterruptedby theOccupationinvestigatorswh’undertooktheirown studies.Dr.Tsuzukiseemedto acceptmy ass’lrafice:thdiin thepresentsituationitwas theintentof the Americanscientistst<?assistthe Japaneseand thatall of our findingswouldbe availableto themand couldbe usedas theysaw fitin theirown publications
Dr.Tauzukiwas outwardlyfrier~lyto bothDr.Mortonandmyselfuntilthetimeof hisdepartureforOenevson March31. Despitethis,thelackof cooperationcontinuedto be manifeston the partof theJapaneseinvestigatozw-I do notknowwhetherthiswas becausewe m$sjudgedDr.Tsuzuki~sfriendlinosa,or becausehe lackedinfluenceon his japanswcolleagues
(2) Therewas muchevidenceof rivalryamongvarjc” “-?~n:~::r:’d~c+:}~groups, In particular,thestaffat T:kyoUnive?”si~y. I % -; }wereinit~allyat oddswiththegroupat the NationalMstituI.e~f 9e.1.‘-,
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headed@y Dr.l(ob~ashi.Moreover,the local ph”~;~i~n$at yaizu#m~e~ i;au but two of the patientswerehospitalizeciuntil!darch2S wereanxious
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f~rvariousreasonsthatthepatientsremainthere, ‘Iheirlackof cooper~ticn8
withtheAmericanscientistsmay havobeenmotivatedby theirkr.wiedgethattheAmericansad%~sedthatthepatientsbe transferredto To&.~.
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~ acoeusto Patientnby w physiolanswas deniedoauaethe Japanesep~siciansfoundtheirpatients
to be.in● hig~ exoitadstateandpreferrednot to disturbthemtJananaaeDlws30$ansindicatedon severaloccasionsthatthutakingofc!up-li~atebl~&l~smearsby JapaneseandAmericaninvestigatorsduplication,andan ordealthatthepatientsshouldnptbeunclergo.
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In~ hittal qgnferencewiththeJapanesescientiststo theconclusionthattheywerenotwellequippedto dealtherdiolog%oalaspectsof theproblem,Fore=mple:
wasan unnessazyllxpectGdto
(1) Someof thetop scientiststookthe positionthatbecaueeaMU kid Of -b was involved,theproblemitselfwas a new one,andthatunlesstheyknowallaboutthebomb$theycouldevaluateneitherthein~u~ to thefishermennor theaspectOf long-rangecontaminationof Japanand$ts fishingcrewsthroughoutthePacific*
(2) T~we~ q~ok to identi~ quautativelysomeof theradioactlvoisotopesin theash and immediatelyconcludedthatdepositionof theseradio-isotopesin thetissuesof themenwas theprimefactarin theirmedicalstatus, ThiSdeCi8iOnwas reachedwithoutbenefitof radi-chemical.urineanalysesoi’thepatients.Thisprocedurewhichwas beyondthe capa-bilityof theirlabcr~toriesis of coursea prerequisiteto understanding -theamountandkindOf fissxonproductabsorptionthatactuallyoccu~de ~
(3) T~ Universityof Tokyogrcupadministeredparentallya znasslvodoseof-ashto onemouse,and followingsacrifice12 hourslater,de-tenainedby radiographythatradioactltitywas presentin the mcubc ‘“.Theactitityof thedosewas notmeasured.The i%:?ths.tt:,..’adi.h-.:..
● wasdetecte~~ the scientistsin theskeletonof the mousewasWiselypublleimdas evidencefortheirconclusionthatthepatientswen carryingdangexwusinternaldepositsof radioactiveisotopes.
As individuals,the scientistsseemedsnxious40 cooperate.Jn ~tiinitialconversationswiththemtheyfreelyeskedforhelpand seemedgratifiedat some of the thingsthatwe coulddo forthen, NY participationon the Americanteamwas limitedtc the radiologicalaspectsof the caseandonlyincidentallyto thepatientsthemselves.Unfortunatelythe natureOfDr.Morton$sparticipationrequiredthathe be givendirectaccessto thepatientsandth%stheJapaneseconsistentlyrefusedto grant. As thedayswentby ati theJapanesebecamemorensolute in theirdecisionto denyaccessto the pattents,otherareasof theproblembecameinfectedby theuncooperativeatmosphere,This willbecomeapparentin subsequent g$
~porti.onsOf the repfi~ $9
$~ Jo3: @O~2RS OF ASSI~ANCETO THE JApAN’E~~g— **:Gnoc!
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4WhenX arrivedin To~o on Uarch22 Dr. Mortm hao .L.-6..:Wofferer ‘
theJapanesethe fullfacilitiesof the Atomic IioLtbCasu&iitYCOiiiidSShNi.GeneralHullhad lilwwiseofferedthe facilitiesof theF~.rES t Command*.Theseofferswere accompaniedby a spiritof sympa:~ mi theJesi?etoa$k!ist.the Japaneseinvestigatorsin thqir=:iortsto evaluatethe ●
incidentand to restorethehealthof Lhefishermen.tt a meeti-g withtap
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s I madea fhrthertidewhatever
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‘:’”‘fa@&@@@;avalloble forevaluation~~@%tk~radiologicalfactoruin-volwd in’the<’$noldsn~,I repeatedtheasaurancosrepeatedearlierby Dr.Morton thatwe wished sincerely tobe ofaeeiatance thatour nrticlpntion
1!was not motivated (assomeJapanesesuggested)by tkuopportuntiesforscientlfle studies.and thatwhate~wrdatawe obtainedwouldbe turnedoverto theJapaneiehvestigatorsto be usedby t?atmin my way theyfJctwfit.
At W pointit wouldbe desirableto listtheradio.lo~lcalstudi~swhichhadbeenalreadymadeby theJapane8e~Theseetudiesareof lntere3tbecausetheyindicatetheextentof Japatwseoapabili$lesIn thisfield,anddefinetheextentto whichour facilitieswouldbe helpiklto theJapanese.
(1) U81ngaCutie Pie~theyunws8utw4&heradioactivityof thoFukuryuWtruO Thesedataappearcompletelysatisfactoryand proveto be in goodagreementwithmeasurementsmadewithAmer$c&ncalibratedaquiprnont,
(’2)Theymeasuredradioactivityof the fishand fishonnen,usingportablesurveyequipment.However,theirequipmentwa8 notcfilibratodandtheirdatawere givanin countsperminuteas determinedby tht?oricinalfactorycalibration.
“ (3) Theydeteminedthattheash recoveredfromthevesselwas -radioactiveusingan end wimkw GM tubeand scale!%Theircountingsystem -was notcalibrateda~they reportedcountsper minutewithno knowledge :of the factorrequiredto converttheirdatato standardunits.
(4) Theycompleteda qualitdtimradiochemicalan *Isof the~?~3and reportedthe following;Sr 89, Y91,Zr95JNb99mSIVb9
Rh106,Sb127,Te132,1131,1132,BSllJO)Lal&O,Celkl,CelJl~,Ru;;a
zwcent~ theyhewscompleteda semi-quantitaveanalys%sfora fezisotopes).
(5) They~ scannedthe bodiesuf the fishezmenwlthaOM probe.
(6) Theyhad administeredadvse of ash to lmouse, asdescri3edearlier,
(?) Using~ tiersiontypeGM tube,theyhaddemonstratedradibactitityin the urineof 3 fishermen.As before,theirequipmentwas notcalibratedand the absoluteactivitycouldnot bs detemined,
Withthisas the statl’.sof theirinvestigationat thetimeof cryarrival,and followingseveralhoursduringwhichI acquaintedtheJapanwewithour
z ? experiencein thisfield,I offeredthe followingservicesto them:;- oa=
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la (1) Completeradiochemicalanalysisof 2L hoururinecdl~c+~ri]~ from ##{a s31 patients.In viewof the importanceof thisanalys; ~v-,-l,~y;;:.-2 the statusof thepatients,I urgedtha,thesesmpl.~ I .*T”-AC
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immediatelyand assuredthemt.hacin oneweeki. wouldb possibletoc1f-
givethema reportfortheconstituentsof prin(’:.~1bialogi~alim?:~~ancc.s
%I explainedthe needForserialsamplesand suggestedthatI.,Ilectimlsbcmadeat weeklyint(+rmls.Theyseemedanxiousto accsptthisservice.
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km nd Obt&d urine“fromtie remaining16 patientsdespiteour re-peatedattwpta’ to do ao~
(2) I offeredtv scanthe fishermenforradiation,usingtw”3cinti-meterathatI had available.
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ACTION; I havebeenunableta do thisbecausethey ham notpermittedtheAmeric~Jeam to haveaccessto thepatients.
(3) In m!ponse tu theJapaneserequestI of~”eredto providea reporton thebiologioalZysignificantradio-isotopespresentin theash.
● ACTIONt Dr, Nakaizumigaveme a smallamountof decksweepingsfromtheFuWryu Narw This I havesentto thoHualthandSafetyLaboratoryforfhturestudy. The compositionof thefishwas actuallyknownto theCOmMiS8i0nfromanalyeisperformedby thohir Forceon thematerialobtniw’dfromtheFukuryuMaruPriorto my visit. Authorizationfortransmissionof thisinformationto theJapanesewas communicatedtome in telegramNn~2199fromthe Secreta~of Stateto the Ambassador.I transmittedthisinfonzationto Dr.Kobayoshion Jpril7.
(b) I ofeeredto arrangeforanimalstudieswhichwouldprovideusefulinfunsationon absorptionandmetabolismof thevariousradio-chemicalcomponentof theash~
ACTION; The Japanesereportedthe extentof thetotalamountof snhrecoveredas SO millocuriea.Theynowdew thatthismuchis avai:.;’andhaveno invento~ of thematerial,Exceptfor +.h~small:-:untJash turnedeverto me by Dr. Nakaizumiad a similaramountwhichI ~ecoveredon a subsequentvisitto themuzyu Mwu$ no ash hasbeenmadeawilableto us,
(~) U’kresponseto Japaneserequests,.I agreedto recommendmonit‘ingprooodu~sfor the tunainupeotors,
ACTION! Monitoringpx>cedureswas detisodbut I deferredthequestionof maximumpermissiblecontaminationuntilmore informationbecameavailableon theextentand typeof contamination,I agreedto standby untilthefirstcontaminatedtuna were foundby inspection,at whichtimeI wouldgo
-to the sceneof inspectionand recommendspecificallyon thebasisof my own‘observationswhetherthe catchshouldbe acceptedor rwjected.As noted
~ %lsewhere tn somedetail.theJamnese neverpermittedme to examinetuna= ‘whichwas alledgelycont;minated~q$
~SPECIALpRo~S ARISINGOUTOF THE INCIDENT‘g
?~ ~shap to toeWU1’y’u Maru crest.~d a nUmbOYOf $..“-L JULin~ ‘“●
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relatedproblems.Of those,themosturgentwas th!!clinicxlst;t:x?ofthe23 fishermen,a sub~ectwithwhichDr.Morton i; e*l.usivel’conce:tx?dandaboutwhichhe willreportseparately.Otherprnblemsmhic~.tizofliredatt~tionwere:
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~.(2) Apprehmaiml of long-rangocontaminationOf Jwn andits fi~h-
k“~ inggrounds,
(3) Radiological factors affectingthe fiske~~bn:
(a) Est’Jmatingthuwholebodyduse.
(b) Estimateddeaefrominternalemitters.
ContaminatedTuna
Someof the JapaneseGovernmentofficialsarealreadyreferringtothe latterhalfoflfarchas the“greattunapanicll.The originof thispanicbothin theUnitedStatesandJapanISworthyof carefhlstu~.theextentof the tunaconsumptionin the UnitedStatesandJapandrclin~’flduringthesecondhalfof Marchis now knownto me at thistime. Fora day priorto my departurwfromNewYorkon March19tandfor2 weeksfollowingw arrivalin TokyoonMarch22 the subjectof radioactivetunnwas a subjectof popularconversation.Whenoneconsidersthercnctionof theinformedAmcrjcanp~blicto thepo~sibiliteaof cont~inntionof’tunait is n@. surprisingthattheJapanesewerestampededintoappre-hensionoverthe immediutcprospectsof theireatingradioactivetunaand thelong-rangep~ospectsof theirfishinggroundsbeingruined.
(A) Tuna ~ishingIndustryof Japan~/
The Japanesefishingfleetat the present+.iwconsi~...of -~~.1,000vesselsoperatingout of tenmajorports. The annualvalueof thetunacatchapproximates$26million.The principalexportspeciesMalbacor,Sixtypercentof thelandedrdbacorcatchwentto Ja anesecannersand fortypercentwas shippedabroadin freezers. !Sixy percentof the albacorare caughtin thesummerseasonwhichextendsfrom~~ythroughJuly. Duringthisseason,the fishinggroundsare locatedrelativelycloseto theAsiatic coast+
Duringthewintermonths,JanuarythroughMarch,theJi?panesevesselsrangefar out to seaO Thewinterseasonnccountsfor fortypercentof theannualcatch.
= (B) ContaminatedTunain Japa~
f~ The Pukum Marulandedat.Yaizuwitha catchof 28,000poundsof@ *8
Q tuna. We mustacceptthe factthatthesetunawereexcessivelycon-0 taminatedad thatthedecisionof the Japaneseto dispo:’~f thosti4?
T. . . An excellentreport”of~una fisheriesin Japanissourc3sSectionof SChP in
technicalinformationCOOL’..Tt:.~ .IK?se “QQreportNo. 104 issuedby theNatural::e- 8“=Mnrch,19L8.
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fined’t$ti sur$ace.>fthe fishandoccuredwhentheradl~activoash~aSelland’entemdtheshipshold.
Withthede0i8ianof theUnitedStatesFaadandDmg Adminlstratianto monitorhoming shipmentsof tuna,the shipping,c.~mpanicsapcrat,ineoutof Japaninitiateda requirementthattheJapanesecertifycy.fort● .shipmehtsas bdng freeof radioactivity,
Whn I arrivedin Japanon March22, theJapaneaehadalreadymcmitGredtheir firet outgoingshipmentof frozentuna. TheMinistryofWelfar+3undertookto haveitssanitationinspectorstrainedin theusc of geigercounter8andbegantheroutineinspectionof bothIncoming andoutgoingtunaat fiveports. All vesselswereinstructedto returnto aneof thegeports. Five geigercounterswereobtainedfromthe FarFastCommandandloanedto the Japanese.In additim,theymusteredapproximatelythesamonumber fromvarioussourcesin Japsns .
On March24, at rrconferencewiththe Joponose(lovornmentofficialottheyaskedformy recommendationformaximumpermissiblecontarrrination~TheyalsoaskedthatI recommendthekindofexaminati~nthatsh2u1dh _madeof the fish.
Becauseof ~unfariliaritynth themechanicaldetailsof handling ~tuna 8hipments,I suggestedthatIbe pemitted to studytunaloading “oprationsscheduledforthe followingday, Thereuponitwas arrcngodthatI shouldaocompanyJapaneseofficialsto YokohamawheretheBatanwas beinglo8dedwith fro~enalbacor~
Tunashipmentsinvolvemanyfishand it is not an easy maizerLOmofrlt..prsperlywithinexperiencedpersonneland onlya fewsuzweyinstruments.Bssedonmy inspectionof the Bat&in,I suggestedthatevery tenthfishberaanitoredforabout1 minute by passingan openwindowGM probeoverthesurfaceof the fish,payingparticularattentionto thegills. I :~SOinstructedthemto insertthe probeintothemouthof thetunaand intctheabdominalincisionthroughthe fish.
Thereremainedthequestionof criteriaforrejectianaf fishfmurdto be contaminated.Againit is not a simplematterto evaluatethe riskto a ccxmunerof tunafrommeasurementsmadein thisway, I infomed theJapanesethatI was unableto proposea realisti:figuretithoutsome %stuti. On the otherhanditwas w beliefthatsimificantl.ycsntaminatcd ~?fish-~renot likelyto be found.‘Low levelfall;ut to the-skinsof the %%fishwas, of course;n possibility,This seemedto bo ai’lit-i~ificanccIn tiew ofexlstlngcannezypracticeswhichstripstheskinsfromihe fishwhenprocessingbegins. I toldtheJapaneseI wouldbe ~tand~n~~ inWkyo, thattheyshouldcontinueto monitorthe fisht“ ~l+~h.:,~J
nroposed,ati thatwhenand if contaminatedfishwf~:.*:. 1 snmm %advisedand givdnthe opportunityimmediateljj;0m~kea firsthandinUpect’.cfi~f thefish. My recommendationswoulddependL,.wh~:tI fautic
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No cmtardnatcdtunahavebeenbrou~ht.to w attsntim. Newspapershaveoccasionellvrmortedincomingdhipmentof contaminatedfishbut cneJapanesehad nat-req~estedthatI ~akean examinationof them.
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,,,qfisis’:,,c- *Wollowingsequenceof%rents ‘ ratessome01 ~ dif$iculticn.----7-.”” we ba~v :.&... Lb
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(1).0nMfvcii31we md in one ofm
%papersd-%wo fishingves8elsthatwerocotheMini8tv of ForeignAffnirg who reportedtelephone~
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\,, . (a) TheKoeiUwu,.thenat theportofKisa
.,.; 22 minutesnorth,178 degrees,19 minutese?st~n Merchl‘.,..,‘of theshipwas m ading2U3 countsporminute$the catc~minuteandthemen 500countsperminute. The fishhadbed!
.!,. inga decisionas t~ theirsafety.>... “=.,t1.. .
(b) TheMyojiimMaruwas at Shiogona*@Uarch ~ itm 29degrees,8 minutesnorth,177degree8,19 minuteseast. The sur ‘ftheshipwas reading50 to l@Ocountsperminute, the fish56 to 84 c~~j~~~operminute,and thecrewlJOto 90 countsperminute.
(2) TheEmbassyinfcrncdtheMinistryofWelfareof my interestin ~;(,~~.ingtheshipsandfishandtoldthema specialp~m wouldbe availabletoflyme to thetwoports. The~oz%ignofficewas requestedto crrangeforaccess50 theve?selsandwas invitedto send whoevertheywishedto desipnatewithme on thistrip. A flightwas scheduledfor earlyon themorningof April26 2
(3) Aroundnoonon April1 theFontgn MinistzycalledI: *amiadvisedthattheMyojilmMaruhad leftShiogonethr+‘.:crn:~,ti$.-destinationwa$notknown,wadthatthe flish.hadbeendisposeoof in anunknuwnmanner. Thehbasey informedthe FcreignMlnictrythat,thisbe-ingthecase~we wouldlimitourtripto Uisakl.
.(h).At& PM on theafternoonof~pril lthe F-teignMinistr,,again
calledto infozmtheEmbassythatthel(oeiMaruhadlefttheportof ~~+sakionehourbsfom to dumpitscmtaminatedcatchct sea. The Rnbassyasked ~gtheForeignUlnistryto callthevesselbackinasmuchas it was anlyone ~chouroffportbuttheJapanesestatedthiscouldnotbe accomplished. !&u!=
gkTo summarissthetunasituation,it is my beliefthatno significantly ~
contaminatedtunahavearrivedin Japanexceptf~r the catchfromtheFukurflMaru. Rigerousinspectionsprocedureswillundoubtedlydisclosecertainamountsof low levelradioactivityon thtisurfaceof the tunabut thesignlficmceof thisisminimizedby theprecticeof skinningtunaF?”iclrto canning.In themeantimethe tunamarkethas stabilizedand tur.arepresentativesof Americantunainterestshaveinfonn~~me thatt eircompaniesareno longerconcernedovertheproblem.
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“J~m”’apprehen8$rmk oyerthepw~y o~”~ [email protected]~%iixlw@T’cvery8ia&kr to”thOS9WO on-oountorodin theUnitedStatesas a resultof NPG operations,
A difftmncoin Japm is due t~ thefactth[!tmm, if my, ofthecounttngequipmentis calibrated,GM tubeswc”usec!withmt ohiclds,andunderconditionswherwthobackgroundcountis apt to be highlyvariable.This,coupledwtth the factthattheydo notknowthebackgroundGCtidtiG8of suchthings as soilandbiol~gicalm&terials,mnkes it very difficuhtto eva~te the rfJpO1’tS, Jkqy of thereportsof:’ash~~fallingin vrriouspnrts*otJapanazwundoubtedlydustor sootXla thctoccurnonmlly ina~ $tiustrialorwafromtimeto time. Reputablescientistshaveexamined .samples of patossium-richsoilandhaw repwtcd their dnteis grosscountswithoutany referenceto nornwlsoilbackground.For this reas~nI findit vezydidficultto t&e seriousthefrequentpublicreportof50to WOcounts perminutefortheunspeciflodsizoof snmplcampflrt~dfromtimeto time,
At my conf~rencewiththeJrtpcnscientistscndgovernmentoffici,~l~on Mmch 24, I explainedtheprocedureswe use in theStatesformeasuringfallout~I urgedthemto usesimilarprocodurcsforthesakeof uniformityand offeredto loanthemtheequipinentwc used. Th(:yseemedwager to acceptand I requested& setsof equipmentwhichhassincearrivedfromtheStctes, Yqwever,sincethearrivalof thisequipment,I havedelayedgivingit to thoJcpenesebecausein their -presentstateof.mindlittlegoodcouldcomeOf ito I do wlie~~ :hwever,thatwhenthe presentconfusionsubsides,it willbe useful -fortheJapaneseto maintaina falloutmonitoringnetwork~k “we shoulduo~peratewiththemto thefullestMmnto.
In a conferencewithDr.Kobayoshim March26, I infon!!edhimofIIWconversationtithDr. Wgher and his offerin behalfof theAtomicEnergyCormrrissionto providefinancialsupportformarinebiologicalstudiesdirectedat the longrangecnntaminatimof the Pacific,Or.Kobayoshi,ttioughhis interpreter,expressedhisappreciationforttlisofferbutdid not pursuethematterfurtharand hasnot npproechcdmusince~
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with regatito falloutan theJapaneseislcndsthemselves,it is tobe rr%emberadthatthepositionof thoseislandsin relationto p~ssiblcsitesofweaponstestingis suchthattheRussiantestingprogramis ~pt 8ta producemm% falloutthaneventsin theMarshallsor Nevada.
00s~~
**
I doubtthatit willbe possibleto makea satir~::ct~rycct”wtc of-40
eithertheBeta or Gammadosethefishermenrer~il””< ~r,~: ~fi;” +hr,
nshfr?llin suchquantitiesthatMe deckof the:>,.:;.: .<whit, . t w. . . . .
therewas sufficientmaterialto developvisibleffiotprintr.th?f’ar.uri:~:n-;,Lhisis the limitof our informatimon h~w,;l;.chMh fallend ho:vlon~it remainedon the ship. The fishemcnwashed tht?d?ck~ in aticrto rcmavcChcashand accordingto theirreports ‘Whcirw,~shingwas cffectivc.‘v~~n .
thevesselarrivedin Yaizumuchof whet.-w.aincdW+G removwd./+
● ●
● ●
. ‘,.
443
II .,,,
Kiu%hat the B3ta-
-,- .--—.- ~Ttfi~ thgd~ ‘oS thea8h~~;at~dto tJwpcrous’wood at~]ctu~of thedock~
%#%ataa, The CMsmaradiationovermostof th~ shipwae
gratod Oema”dose is about100R. Of eourae,the ashwas falling fromHp~U8 3 hoursto eboutH plun9 how’s, Ifwe trikethemid-pointof thisperiodas the startofexpoau)%we findtbeexpo?ura,iucbout70R. Thislhcwevw,estimatesth;wholebodyGammaradiationfromresidualdcbriustillon the shl~ whenthe firstmeasurementsweremade~ Tne 8CtUal doseCmld havebeen29 10 or even100 timesM ghercZ@KIIng OG hL-~~l~hashwaswashedoff theuh~pandat whattime~
We havemadea numberof discreetinquiriesin the hopesthctphotographicfilmmighthavebeenavailableaboardthe Shipnndmightpoosi-b3ybe u8edas a dosimeter.Alleffortsto datehavebeennegatiw.
“Depositionof InternalEmittersP
Therewos an urgentrequirementto evaluatetheextentto whichfissionproductshadbeenabsor’bedintothe tissuesof thefiohermon~As mentionedearlier,Dr. Nakaidzumihadconcludedfromhismouseokpori-ment thottbgprognosisfortho fishermenwas advereewaffectedby thaprobabilityof exuessivedepositd.enoflong-liwd bone-seekingisoto~8e -
The Japanesescientistsweredespwatalylookingforon agentto mobilize-thesoisotopesad Dr. Lewisbeliems th?ttheyhadadministeredEDTAto ~thepatlente,despitethe factthaturineanalyslawas beyondtheir -capabilityand theywerethoreforaunableto determineeitherth-?ec!df’orEWh or theeffectproduced~ it. /partfromthe factthat%:unableto undertakeurineand.ysisat thattitizit is ~.~oev:~~..theydid not understa~thedynamicsof fissionproductmetabolismPA wcronotUsedto thinkingin terms of urinaryexcretionlevelsas on indexof absorptionanddepositions
ThSYwere mxioua to IWOWIO me withsamp3.esof urineforf?t$~we-si(je
The s&piu~ recei~dwere proper~ (owwded to theJimlthnndSafety %\Laboratoryami I havahadthe resultsof gross?nalysisof’thefirsttwo .samp~eseI communicatedtheseresultsto Dr, Kobaynshiin theattachedletterwhichis self-expi”lnatorY~
g%‘daA
12\
‘T
-.
.:.,,.,,
.
.’
●
,●,
,.,.
i,
“&,,-*Or,Ro)na%ol(o~a8hiNation4 Instituteof HealthWolf&m MinistryTOKYO .,:-
DearDr;~~~qp~?:-”
~F *m.w!i
91ATESOF AMERICA
6 April195h
On lpreh Z6 we receivedtwo samplesof urinefrompatientsfittheTokyoUniverist#HospitalsI am hnppyto be ableto reportatthistimethattho radioactiti~of thososamplesis 80 low thatthe de?081toof fissionproductsin tha tissue~Of thetwopetientscanbe ncc{:ptedas wellwithinthe limitsof snfotysThe resultsfoll~$
lWWUDA Smj$ra - 720diaintagrationspfrmln~te~rli~erYA!W4~0,Tadashi - 510 II
Dataon the individualradio-isotopuswillbe telegraphedto mein anotherfewdays- It will thenlx possibleforme to be mozwquanti- -tativein estimatingthedosefromabsorbedfissionproductuoHcweverS -it is mostaertainthatthe storageof long-livedradioisotopesis in- ;significantin thesemen.
48 you know,the rateof excretionof fis8ionprodur+~at ‘ ,giventime ttfter absorptionbeersa zvlationshlpto thequantit~esUe-positedin the varioustissues.Theprincipalradtochemicalconstituentsat thistimeoredue to Sr 89,LaUO ml theRareEmthse Theseareisotopeswhichhaverelativelyshorthalf-llvosandme’eliminatedfromthebodywithcomparativerapidityeitherby radioactivedecayor C-cretian,In the caseof thesepatients,Sr90is mostc@rtainlYan i~significantfractionof the totalabsorbedradioactivity.The pennisslulcurinaryexcretion,consideringthe$sotapcsinvolved,wouldbo greater,bya largefiactar,thantha valuesr;porttidabave.
%I notethatthe nowupapersaontinueta oarry occosionnlatnte-
\%
ments~S theJnpnneseinvestigatorsto thoeffectthattheprognosi8forthe fiuhennenis adverse~ affectedby the factth~tlong-lifebww- %seekingisotopesaredepositedin theirtissues. It is regrettablethct *thepubliccontinuesto be misinfmnedin thisrespect,Certainlytheresultsreportedabaveargueconvincinglythatanlyminimal$medic”llYinsignificantemountsof fissionpr~ductshavebeennbswbed int>t??,:>t.i!wuesof the twop?timts forwhom resultsarezvail.~
●
m. ●
●
●
1;.,, ‘,
..
“*3I regretthatI am unableto giveyou theresultsof analysiz
of urinet’twathe 21 otherpatientesKnowingthatthosedatawouldbohigUy Important to youraommitte9in itsevaluationsof themet.ii.cEIlstatusof thesepatients,We haveofferedto undertakeradiochcmiculurineanolyaisof all23 pationta.The urinofromonlytwopatientshas been deliveredto us in timeto perm~tshipmentto theStatesandanalysisby thisdateO Morerecently,samplesfromfiveadditionalpatientsMm the‘fokyoUniversityHospitalworedeliveredto us, butwohavenot as yot reoeivodeampleafromthe 16 patientsnowhospitalizedat theIhiichiHoapltal.
.Rospectfillyyours$
MerrilEiaenbudDireotor,.HealthandSafetyLaborato~UnitedStatesAtomic3nergyCommianiGn
ME/am8/hoo
GO: Dr.lMaldsumLDr.Kakohi
f+doss;f;d‘D Ou $~,o
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9
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‘kt$Qhl AIDE MF?.IOIREOF MAhCH27, (TIMES ARE JAPANESE);,: {sWpl?ticW\“?TIU OPPLASM 0412,I MAR6H 1634(LOOAL OR StW6 TM)y“,,
!.~;;,“ ~SITIOl‘ T FUKURYU MARU
+ ‘IWC .~ DW6T ---------------- II* 53$N, 166’34 E“,*$,,....t~;::’~.- I‘LUUT6TARTCD------------IICS67NI ~;6”42 f
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.—. —.— —JOINTTASKFQRCES6VEN
matANDMFORREamSUBJECT:AdditiondGroundand AirRadsafeSurveyDataDuringPeriodKtAVO
to BRAvoplus 5 Ws
1, Followtigarereadingsfromradsafesurveysduringthe periodIItoB phs 5 daws
a. SpeO181groundsurveys fromPRJsurveyflightandDDE evacuntio’.partiest (W tim~sZebratMarch1954.)
WaistheightANl~ TIB in
EniwetakIsland(ltonger*Atoll)*
o12315 ..
-RongalapIsland 020645 .,~~h@WO Island 0W145 ‘isUtww AtoLl 030145 l@
dntmtok IOand (*~@W Atou) QW645
b. N~ ~, BAK~ Wd CH&9..LISflightsori~at~ng from,Swajal.eic,flightsGEORG2andIT3Moriglnatingfrcsa&hu, flightUY origti~tingfX’OITIGusA,andflightKING(Gtibert161ands),using special atiborne(P2V)mrve Y
eqdwent (allthes Zebra,March1954,andreadingsextra@ated to the ~--“‘J
(1)NYOOKwajaletiFlightABLE:
Atoll ,=, %!!& ~(Z?~a) (Z%a)I&enn$J
020010 .080 Ujae 02CQ24 ,lCOL&eWotho Oaloo 1.000 A~l-ingbae 020128 +w .coo
Rongelap 02f)140 1350.OGO Rongerik ~.’?am 1?N .OCO
W’aongi‘,2P 5(X -Jqq
0~325 1.403 sBik~
020451 240.000P!
Utirik++T&a j.b..-,d“-.-“,.>
AUuk 020516 76.000 Jem W052: 18.wJ
LikieP 020540 6.000
hhclossifiedDOD DIR S2QI~
* un~lc)s~! t.tid ~Oc\O@ied~Or ~u?,52@o~0
4!@#4Ld3
—--?4,. J2 .378 c
/’6
WnuNamorikKiliMiJ.iUe@oMaloaLbbYlotjo“
KusaieMokiluJelanl?
cumTrukLOsapLukunOrPuLap
KauaiKaulaNecker
(3)
(4)
021920 .020 hilingLapalaP G21945
030223 .200 Izbon 03LXN47
:);; .200 Jaluit 030006,600 @no ()~z~~a
022216 2.000 AU 022145
02212L 3,600 Erikub 022Jf12.—— —.0220s ~’~
NY(XlKwa.laletiFlij?htCHARUX:
030190 ,800 PingelaP022330 .600 Ponape
022015 ●&xl
NYOOGuamFli~t EASY:
030005022145
,000 ~arnonuito 060010052140 ,000 KUOP 060110060m
●m Namoluk 060200060135 .000 Satswan 060230o@215o&Nbo4 .Ooo @- 060615
.200 Niihau 05175505171@
.100 Nihoa c:’ ’5705MG50520m .100 Fr.FrigateShl.05~32
052124 ●200 14&0 Reef C52225GardnerPti* .Om I#isianeki 052330
05229 060055%%Hemes M. 060025
.080 Midway
044.747ol@35
(7) J4YO0Gil~\,Olxl Nuk!,tMU 0523.15
8eru 05295.040 Tamana 060015
Arorae 052344.040 Tabiteuea 060047
Onotoa 060028060135 .040 Abenuuna
/A.an*.olQ Abaimg
;~39
Tam.wa 060229 : ,Ild0tQ2&9 .000 Makin ...-
bhmdce~Nonouti 06U14 .002
90s).200,200.600●lm
4*OOO$ .
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,000.000,000.OCN :●oo
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,004.080
,0!3),04).WQ.Oi.$b?i’cr.-
.
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n. A.HOUSE ’00 W? s~,,oDOD 9iR 5200,10
Lt Cd USW
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. @,.,, ,$,., ,.’,“.,. .:,,.,?..” {?
p .$, ,,,
San P’rzinaiauo, Ooli.fornh
SU8JXOT8
q!axuu
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5
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22-1013
22-3014
22*101S
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22-lols
s 22-1019
22-1020
22-1OZ
\ 22-1022
t. #
BlackandWhiteContaot?rlntoRelativeto
1 May1954
8ummya, EvaountlonandOare of Rongebp andUtirikNntivee(PrlntadlbtrlbutedtofoIkwingonIyI C/S, UU @4gt)S DU(@~ 2W (WC J HI~~~J-TERP@IS, OINCPAG$OINCPAOPLT,ChAPSWP,00MNAVS’’IAN7AJ1
p&uJEl!
4W54
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4 Mar54
4mar54
4U54
&nar%
5-54
5b54
llMar54
llllar!w
Ilwr%
llMOr54
lluar54
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1.luar54
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10Mar 54
10 W’ 54
&#A&?
Utirik
Utirlk
Utlrtk
Utirik
Utmk
Utirik
Kwcijeleln
Xwajalein
Rongalap
Rongelap
Rongelap
Rongelap
Rongelap
Rongelap
Rongelap
!24EXW’TruatTerritOF’#RepresantatlveandInt4r9reterarrivingUtirw from ~wda-lelnh meetUSS RENSHM.
RENSHASfxeoeivingUtiriknatives,
Utir$knativee
sllaillwUtirlkNatives
FeedZng Utlrlk
UtMk nativesRENSRAW,
on deckof RENSHM,
inwhaleboat,
nativeson RENSNAW, .
eatingon deokof ‘:
RENSHAWomivlngKwnflalej
Utiriknativesbeingtransportedtommpounds
17haloboatoomingontoRonge’?.p,
Navyworkpartypreparfiggeart. pullnativeboatontobeaah,
Nativehutson RongelnpIsland,#&
@
Navymen pullingnativeboat onto beach,
Similar,differentangle.
Nhaleboatcomingalongside USSNICHOLIS
Crewof NICHOLAS ‘--~rit’~+“.‘hoistwhaleboat~~“~~. .
SifoIslandNavymen ta~ki!!~nativenutnya.rt,
SifoIslandNr, Strom t~ing sandsamplefromSlfoIsi~d for radiationtests.
sX@ Oaroof RongelapandUthtk Watives
# ●
●
●
22-1024
22-102S
22-1026”
22-1027
22-102%
22-1029
22-1030
22”1o31
22-1032
22-1033
22-1034
22-1035
22-1036
22-1037
22-104’7
22-1049
22”1050
~~”lo51
22-3052
,. .,.,
10 Mar54
lowr%
10Mar 54
10Mar 54
10 Mar 5.4
10M’ 54lokr 54
louar 54
loMarS$
10 Mar 54
3Mar54
3mar54
3Mar54
3 Mar 54
5Mar 54
5-54
5uar 54
5k54
5 ldar54
SifoIM,
Sifo1s,
Sifo16,
Rongolap
Rongolap
Rongolap
Rongorik
Rongorik
Rongerik
Rongelap
Utirik
Utirik
Uti.rik
Utirtk
Kwajnlein
Kwajaloin
Kvajaluin
Kvajaloln
KvJajolati
GAimQuHr. Wilds, D@ of Snterlorroproawta.”tiveplacingna$ivogoodeundo~aovorforprotoctlun,
t!avymencloaninenativopporty boforoplacingin tents, ●
●
17,W. $aumcliciblngcoconuttrcwtooocuremm~e forradiationteoto,
Soulochockingradiationof dryingcoprain tentaroao
InteriorRongelapSchool:Front-loft,
Sam as above~Front-right.
Exteriorof RongolapSohool.
Reeferstorago.
Dumpingspo$lodfood.
Hhsleboatsurveypartygoingashoro ~Enivotak.
Surveyof nativelr*+
Aerial;Utlrik AtollfromPBM,
Boy and oldmanon Utirik,
ViUago ahotfromlagoon.
Aerialof island.
GenClarksonwithnativewomw andchildren.
ConEstes$CaptSOOy$Adm Clarke,GcnClarksontalkto John,MagistrateofRongolnp,andKabdofromUtirLk.
ConClarkson,Adm CJ~rke,l(ch”o.John.
to Rud
-; “’’’$”,,,I
II —
22-1054
* 22-1055
22-1056
22-1057
22-;05s
22-1059
22”1060
22-1061
22-1062
22-2063
22-1064
22-1066
22”1067
22”1060
22-1069
22-1070
5 Mar 54
.
5hklr54
5 Mar 54
5 k 54
5 Mar 54
5 M= 54
5 Mar 54
5-54
5 ?@ 54
Sk%
5Afar54
Swrsb5?hr54
5 Mar 54
5uar54
5 ?hr 54
ii#w!n
Kwaj dd n
Kwajaloin
mnjaloin
Kwtljoloin
Kwojaldn
Kvajdoin
Kr/iIj oIcL?
Kr/4sloin
lk14aloiJl
Kwajeloin
Kwajaloim
Krmjalei.n
Kwajald.n
Kvajalein
Kuajalcin
Kwajolein
.
IuEnMT, (hPe~O andC, Rothrock,H?XJ$USNbehinddos)cstartmedicalrecordonJinnlanddoughtor,Alma
R. M. King,‘HM3andM. L. Duncan,H113takebloodsamples~rombnbyIa too,mothornext right.
M, L, ~cSXl, R, M. Kln2tukabkodsamplefromUtfii.kboy~mothernext,
M, L, Duncsntakessampleof bloodfromUtiriltmmQ
Similu$different natiw maw
W. E. Rico,HMO,making bloodcountatmiaroacopoe
L. V. Kraushaar$HM2,preparingbloodsamplefor a cellcount.
-Simllar#difforontangle,
Utirikmathorbottlefoodingbabynt ~dispensary.
?AarsWUsG wn.ftlngawn *“ut~r.~..priOkQt diqxmsw,
HM2Xraushaar,gettingbloodsamplofromoldorlyUtir& uan~
Proceduremeetingof l?atlvoAid‘;erati.n;loftto right$ Adm Clarke,Lt Bowman~o.DoBrum,M. Wilds,CdrE.F. Grable, LtGuns, LcdrR.D.Halpin,CdrW.J.Hill?CdrBlasdol$CaptD.;..Sooy.
Nntivowomonproparofruits.
L.V,DeJongissuingsoapfor!IativM’docontamimtionbathsin l.cigoon.
Molenativestaki- rlecontm.fautiontc.tkin lagoon.
LS:Natlfpocompcudat ~i\:aj&oti.
llarshallcs~chm?h SwviCo.
●
22-1072
22-1073●
22”10?4
22-1075“
22-1076
22-1077
22-1078
22-1079
22-1080
22-1081
22-1082
22-1083
22*1084
22-1085
22-1066
22-MM
22-1088
22-1089
22-1090
% AVCL
SW!%
5*54
5uar54●
5 MU?54
5?Jar54
5Mr 54
jUar54
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5M’54
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5uar54
5 Mar54
5Mar54
5kr 54
Suarsb
5Mar54
51iar54
Sl+r%
5 w“ 54
Umjaloin
Kwcijaloin
Kwajaloln
Krmjald.n
Kwjnloin
Kvajaldn
Kvnjalt)ti
KrajdOiJi
Kriajslain
Krmjaloin
I(wajaloim
Kwajoloin
Kwajalein
Kwajaloin
Kw4aloin
Kwajalol.ta
Kmjaleln
K\7ajdOill
Kwnjalein
Kwajaloin
Natives lowln~ ChurchSwvico,
CWOHOH,J,Spanglorwithnativo bq .-”’dispensary,
Drs,OdrW.J.Hell,CnptDoMont, L: J.S.Thompson. ●
Natlvoremanpreparofor decontaminationbath,
Similar:IS:Islandbackground(DoJongissuihgsoap),
Simtlars IA Lagoon background(DoJorwissuingsoap).
Docontominationbath;Mothorvithbabyin lagoon,
Kd)doand\7if(3(Utirik)in compound.-
UtirikmanwithchildrenIn compound~~
Nativomotherwithba~ drinkingcoconut.
Nativefatherwith~-by@ - ,+,.
VOC,Ebork ployingrdthnativekids.
w,w,NWIOr, DC2$w~Et v@@tw Ao3sOWOL,Q, Barr, J,C, Wostbmo’fAU.NonitoI’team,
Dra,Lt Thonpoqm,CaptDoMont,GordonDunning,
\70stbrookmonitoringnativewomn withbnw,
Westbrookmonitoringyoungnativugirl.
WOW andRostbrookmonitornativemmanaboys,
L.V.DoJoagc....~-;..”,--nG- ‘r,
Naylor o:-’ Vtwthttan monito? nativonan
Sailorsmonitornativemannith baby.
4
#~=,awwl .
JD m s~’~~:J :.
-*.,\.. ‘%*7M. +“ . .
. ,, .,.:,
. !“ ?:+’ . . 2/
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22-11oo
22-1101
22-11o2
22-1103
22-lM4
22-I.105
22-1106
22-1107
22-1108
22-1109
?2-lJlo
s Mar %
5 Mar 54
llllfh
11 Mar 54
llMar!$4
sLhfar54
11 Mor 54
U liar 54
uifclr%
llMar54
11 k’ 54
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11 Mar 54
l.l Nar54
IJ Mar 54
11 !.& 54
Il. Mar 54
11 Mar 54
K\7ajaleln
KTlojalSO
Kw.Jolein
Wnj alein
Kwnjalein
Kmj nloin
Kwajolein
Kwajrdoin
Kuajolcin
x\7ajaloin
Kwajalein
Kwajaleim
Kwajalein
Kw4 alein
“Majaleill
Kwajolein
Kwajakin
Kvajaldn
Kmljaloti
F.
8a ore monitor natives at compound.
Nnylor rind Wanhttnn rood nctivoboy!ofoot. .
DdorM reading bdyt @hair (V@r)
King John (Rongalapj talking to Drs.Dunning, DeMenttHellandMr,0. DoB-,
Drs,Dunning,Dehlent,unknown,HaJ2,unknown.
Sullornpky hopscotchwith~ctivokido,
Taking chow to nativermss(fromtruck),
Nativo8in ohowline. Sailorsocmving.
USMCBondplayingforIbrshalluao,-
similarto 22-1100,
Nativebarber giving haircuts. :
Ensign Pet~raandNr.Ex*@~ .7--)\,$:.
handoutitems.
PetersandEvanshandingoutARC itemsto natives●
similarto 22-ilo4*
Lt liarcdla(nurse)withDr.De~~~:JtjOapt, USN.
PetersandEvansgivingcandyto notivckids ,
Marsha.llese playing volley-bti*
PetersandEvensunwrappingnandy,otc.fornatives,
J,C, E%stbmokf77 .SIIiGOF ---4~~
5
●
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22-1115
22-u6
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22-1122
22-1123
22-1204
22-1205
22-M06
22-1207
ll?kr%
llNClr54
11 Mar 54
3 Mar 54
3kr54
3uar54
3-54
3Nar54
3bhrs4
3 Hex’ 54
3 Mar 54
20 WN?54
20 h’ 54
2ouars4
2oMr54
Rongdppd UtiAk””Nativea
Q&Q&
Kwajaloih
Kwajaloin
Krlnjolain
Utirlk
Utlrik
Utiz’ik
Utirlk
Utirik
Utirik
Utirik
Uttiik
k’ajaloizl
Kw4dOiXl
K17ajal.ein
Kmjalein
A.L,Hme,
JackTobln(DistrictAntti oIo@at~ ●
RIvlthh@ap lfagiat~’atoJo 7 andUtiriklaKomboj,
1mreo (],t)hrcellatiith,Dr. (Lt J.S,Thompson,andJabvo(nativedoator nndEllen,
f7.E,VanNattanand17,W.tiaylormonitoringnativoclothingin laundry.
UtlrikAtollbdoro evacuation,Nativesin foreground,lstLtW,J.Larson,USAF,(InstrumentationOffiaor)andEnuR,?,KeisertUSNR,wrivlng in rubberbont,-seaplanein baakground~
Nativecolonyon UtlrikAtoll~ “:
Similar,beachseem,
Similar,nocivehouaa~
OutriggerandmtivepaddJingtowardnativecolow at Uti*.
N0tiv6CC1OIWfromlagoonC.Ltiri!k,
lstLtW,J.Larsongettingsoilsamples,nativecolonyin background,
similar,
Dr.ConardexaminbgJemlok,2yoars,baldfrom 13RL~shot~ontamination.
Dr.Conardexaminingneokrashon JicInk5.
photo,
Groupshotof native:
%? X&z?z 42 -“-,‘, $r
!.<
%
*“”’’”!!F%3P22”1209
22-123s0
22-MU
●
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22-1223
22”1234
22-1215
a2-1216
22-1219
22-I.220
22-1221
22”1222
22+.223
22-1224
22-1225
20 Max’54
20 Mar 54
2olhar54
20 lb 54
2oRhr 54
20 M8r 54
20 Mar 54
2oMar54
2oMar54
20 Mar 54
20 h’ 54
2oMar54
20 Mar 54
20 Mar 54
10 Mar 54
K\7r4aloin
Kvsjnlciin
Kwajcloin
Kr/ajaloin
Iknljaloh
Ih7ajnloin
Kwajalein
Kwajaloin
Kwa$alo$n
Kvajalob
Kvajaloin
Kvajol@l
Kwlljalain
Kwajchin
Kvajalein
.Rongerik .
QAEuQliPortraitof Chiefl!o~istrotoof Ron@np,John.
Uoathorstationporsonnolbeingoxaminotiby Dr. Conard.
Dr,V, BondoxanininRhoJ.rof Smith.
Uroup shot ofwoothorstationpemonnolsubjoctodto falloutfromB~vo;C ~ofito right?soatod~A/lo W l!nrnorf@tL, Vinchestor?@C R~ Pattinf3~, A/lCB, Lndrows,A/2CD. Black,A/lC11,Smitht~GL, Bushkiq stnndingtJ@, D. E~:orA/lCJ. Aahby,S/SgtC, To\~noond,;$f%tR, Plotsch,A/lCAzbill,A/lC,R. nOpC1’$
~:;b~% WGJ. Kaprd, S/SgtA,
Nativochildreneatinglunch,
Adultsand uhildreneatingl~che -
similar to 1213*
SimilartO12130
Wawwta 1213t
Dr. Gonardoxominingnativosc
similar,
LOftto right;Dr, Conafi~it~ta~JonitnandBiliot(intorprotor)- oxaminntion,
Left to right;&Iahaffoy,Evans,Dr.Conmdt Prattwithnativesat oxdmtion,
Dr.ConcxdandGoorgoPrattdice’jssuhotof nativooxacdnation,cnmornin back-ground.
Dao.Conardexam?: back “i t--l’ C’:
native.
(EniwotakIs) Radsofenanchock~f tent(jonisphcrcrecordingstation)forradidion10VCJ.
7 ●m
Eni\7t3t
W,,’,
Is Nawman holdingsickrat (radiation)
22-1237
‘ 22-1238
co22-1241
22”1242
22-1243
22-1244
22-12/$5
22-1246
22-1258
22-1260
22-1261
22-1262
22-1263
22-1264
22-1265
22-1266
22-1267
22-126G●
22-1269
8 Mar 54
8 Ihr 54
ilMau54
●8 Mar 54
a?kw 54
8Mcr 54
8 Mar 54
8Mcr 54
8Mnr54
8 MEW54
8Mer 54
8Mor 54
8 liar54
Smir 54
8 Mar 54
8 Mnr 54
8 Mcr 54
8bIar54
8 M~ 54
8 %:’ 54
8 Ucr 54
“%tffAWCL 4
‘r
RGnEolap
Rongolap
Rongolap
Rongolap
Rongolap
~ongolap
Rongolnp
Rongolap
Rongolap
Rongolnp
Rongolap
Rongolap
Rongolap
Rongolep
Rongolap
Rongolap
Rongclnp
RonCcrik
RonGcrik
RonGcrik
Rongcrilc
at ‘kniwotak moificcmpe
Nativoworkahedalmg baach.
Interiorof nativohomo.●
●
Sidk,
Rodsafoman checkingoutriggorcanooforfalloutradiation,
similar.
130achaoonGof Rongolap.
Loftto right:Mr,H,E,Wilds(Doportmcntof InteriorRoproaontativo)and Lt Fink,ExouutivoOffioorof USSNICJ{OLAfltnlkingto dootroyorby radio.
Rndsofomcn cheakingforradiation,
Similcrto 22-lW,
Typictinntivohou-Villsgoc
Pig8leftatvilhge
Chickensloftbehind
nativecomotm~_:
l.ni.~.“
c.f’torovncuation,
by nat?~as.
14.E.Wildssittinginwhaloboot.
Dr,ScovillosittingInwhalobont,
~oloboat onchorodin lagoon.
Twovhslobontstogcthorin logoonforconforenccon procodurcO
Whol.clxmtundoxmy in lagoor,.
Navypcrsonml.’. ~~,j:,,e;:~.‘~ .&tmaincnmyon L I- .! ‘.a.ndw ●
Sinilm, ;i~f~rd ViPGI h MCSS h+.
[email protected] of rccfcro.
slldhr. r.ndfi~dhd
~ ;:’’-’2”’.:,>‘% .i
!i!HkP’F?iHP22-1271
22-1272
22-1273
22-3274
22-1275
22-1276
22-1277
22-1278
22-1278
22-1280
22-1281
22-1282
22-1283
2b-1284
22-1285
2242$7
22”1288
22-1290
22-1291
22-1292
22-1293
22-1294
22-X295
0uar54
8Uar 54
8Nai54
8 liar 54
8 Ur 54
0 Mm’54
8 Mar 54
a Mer 54
8tdiir54
8 hr 54
8 Mar 54.
8 Msr 54
8 Har 54
ati54
0 Mar 54
8 Mar 54
9 Mm %
9 Mar 54
9 Mar 54
9 Mar 54
9 Mar 54
9 Mar 54
9 Mnr 54
=
Rnnpi.k
Rongcrik
Rongcri.k
Rongorik
RongoxdJc
Rongorik
Rongcrik
Utirik
Utirik
Utirik
Utirik
Utirik
Utirik
Utirik
Utirik
UtirM
Ro~orik
Rongolap
Rongolnp
Rongolap
Rm@ap
Rongelop
Rongolap
Interiorof diuponoaryon Eninotak,
similar,
Interiorof supplymom on Eniwctd*
similar.
Interiorof livingquarterson Eniwctnk,
Similar,diffomntangle.
Silnilnr,
Sinilor,
Boaoh soono in f~nt of till1360c
Vim alongmoinpathin Utirikvillngo,
VillagoSoono,Utfiiks
Mninputhlookingsmy fmm vi.llego~}
Nativobo ~tddo nainF” -‘ I?l.1-,:~+
(lutriggurwmxs ekingbt.~ch.mx ... ,
Mon100dingq@iationeamplosinnhnlchnton Uthik boaoh~
~JdObO~t bo~ ra$aod tabwd U:S NICh~
Rado#o man ohook$ngDrc SOQVULQ*
Mm in main oamporIEni~~ctak~
Radsafomanlandingon Rm@np bcmhfromwhaleboat,
Radmfo mn talkingin villnyoon iion~ilnp
Silcilar,
Wrncd Chua~h. I I:-.J~l”‘:’
Sinilar$d+fP wnnt ang10*
Nctivewad hwsa in RonBcloptillnry,Q*
9
22-M7
# 22+6., 22-q9:;
●
22-W
22-1301
22-1302
22-1303
22-1X
22-1305
22=1s
22-1X7
Zi-lm
22-J.309
22-1310
22”133.2
22”lS12
22-1313
32-3334
22-1315
22-1Z6
91-!%
20 Mar54
2ouar54
2oNar54
20 Mar 54
2oMlIr54
20 Har 54
20 W’54
20 liar 54
20 14s 54
2oMar54
2ouars4
20-54
20 Mar 54
am%
20 I’kw 54
20 Mar S4
20 Mar 54
20 Mar 54
20”Nar 54
U#g
Rongohp
Kw@loii
KwnjdOti
lG7ajoloin
Kvajo.loin
Kwajo3.oin
Kwajaloln
Xvaja.loln
l$wjnlol.n
Kw~alom
Ibajnloin
Majaloin
Kwajal.oin
Ktiajaloin
Kmajaloin
K\7ajalou
K77ajaloin
Kwajaloin
Kwajoloin
Kwajalein
P,,
0;n@JP-fMo ocono,;
Abnndonod goofJo on Rangohp bonch~
Dr. Crwwito axnmMngKing Ian oftUtirik●
similar.
similar,
S$mihr.
NatiVO pOO@O Of Utirikvatch@ CXOld.nn-tion.
!ho typicalnativowomonandt~lo[~irlu~
Natlvoawatchingoxanination~
Dr.Conardbohind nativosrmtchinc qud”nationC
m, Cronkitooxaminbgnativo@rl$s=-mouth~
Dr. Cronkitooxam+~~ngr- . il’-
Portraitof KingIanofUtiriko
Grmp shotofGoorgePratt~KtigIon$Dr. Cronkitoad K* Ian~s~~~”o,
TU=4photographerphotographingi]~tivc~
for identificationpurPoao&
Swar,
Sinilal?*
Interiorof hospital$nursolhthloonW troat~g ewrsoroof Tflmn$M*Slmlmanin taokgmunde
Slmilnr,Dr. Sb: .i.ren~~.:.:‘i~~F
Silzihl,
Nativo childran trc d fe= n~~~Cr@~*
10 ● 0
ala
22-13a9
Z?-ua
22-13ti
22r1322
22-1323
22-1324
22-425
22-1326
22-1327
22-132a.
. 22-1329
22-1330
22-1331
22-1332
22-1333 .
20MW54
mnm!u
*Nnr54
20MW%
mNktr54
2oxckr54
2ol&r54
20-54
2QMIW54
20 MW54
20-%
ao mar%
2oHlar54
2ol&r54
20*54
20&r5&
224334 20 HOI’54
22-1335 2oliOr54
22-333s 20ulw54
22-1337 2ouar54
22-1338 20 Mar 54
Kwajdoin
Kw4cilolJJ
Kw4010ia
Kwtljaloin
Kw40101n
mlj Olosll
Kt74010in
KWajalo$n
lh4 doh
&mjdo&
Kwajoloia
Kwlljoloia
Isw4aloia
K@ololn
Kwajdoh
Kwajaloin
Kwajoloin
Kwnjoloin
Kwajoloin
Kwojololn
Kmjaloin
KwajdOiJl
Nativo modio tinting mouth of natlvoohild. ‘
Dr. Slnalnmnmoating Oyo of Ntiira.
lfativomdio treating onus of nativo(Mm
Dr.Shulmnntreating necksoro on Timko$NursuM wxlistingt
Sidlar,
similar,
Sllnilcwo
Tdclng iilood
S3mur,
Taking Nodain!lono
sarrI@ofron Airmn LKlgna,
--..
souiploo ftwmwoathw station
Bortdino,
Smlarto 22”1328.
Sldl&”, difforont dnllan*
Blood to8WI/g @id COUn~
Sinilar$difforontWow.
Swlar, d.ifforontmow,
roou,
Dr. V, BondtakingbloodsonplorIMnnative*
Similnr$diffwontOneln,
similar,but “ , .. ‘“1 *“*V; U.. ~ ,
similar.
similar,
u
DodauIlroG000 i (8 5200,10
9
●
●
✎
,.
22-1340 20 UOX54
22-13@ 2oM0r%
●“22-13& s-%
22-1343●
22-1344
224345
22-1346
22-3347
224340
22-3949
22-3350
2M363
22-13d4
. 22-1365
224366
22-1367
22-466
22+69
9J+~~
22-4’71
20 MM54
2o140r54
m Mar54
2olkr54
2oMclr54
2ouor54
20kr5f#
Wtllw%
lows
20 UCW54
lohr54
louo.rs
ID MCW54
lol&r5i$
10 WX’54
10 Nor 54
2oiiar54
K-Jajaloin
Xwajaloln
Xwajaloin
Xwajaloin
xw4aldn
Xmjaloin
KuajdOitl
i%4aldn
Nr4 aloL2
XW4 Oloti
W@loin
Kw4aloin
Dr. Cronkito luxl Dr. Bond tnlking tomtivo ohild?
%tivo watohlng oxnrninntiono
Similar,butwith lk, Bondin grm$, “
~, Cronklto ad Dr. Bondoxminlngnat~.vochild.
Dr. &onIdto omdning cativo child,
Dr, Cronkltooxdsaingnativobnbyonlap of father.’
Clomup of natfvofatherti baby, hoCronkltooxamhingbaby.
(&MImp of nativo father and b~y._
Cloeloupof King Ian of Utirfk. ..-
Similar. ---.
ROWO* Atoll M&iunloading spdlod foodfronroofor(mwo- Is)
~rrotok Is Mon100dingspoilodfoodontotrdc.
@otak Is Similasto 22-1363o
~wotak Is Mar loadingspoilodfoodontotruck.
EniwotakIs Baokingtruokontomof to disposeofspoilodroad.
Eniuota)cIs Mondumping spd.lod food on roof,
Allinuinao Atoll Nntivo coo! “-C mm cm sifo Isl-md.
Sifci IslandIntofior of La. i, a . . . L,
Xtmj Oloin Not%voa witing Cor >-.ood sfM@C tOkh’J~
at dispor.?ory~
12
,“ lpm-!P#- /&cL 4
..‘h,, .%
●● ☛
Jq‘w’” ““ “f ‘.i$ *1$
22-13’?7
22-13’78
22-13’?9
22-13%0
22-2s●
22-1382
22-1383
22-13d4
.
20 U(W54
mMar54
2ofAAr5Ji
2oNar%
mhr~
mwarx
20 Mar54
20 Mar%
R&%%uqaloim
IQ@Lob
Kwcijaloin
Kwajdoia
IrTnljalo$ta
nwtljaloin
Kwajaloin
Kwa$aloin
-q
Si.mihrt’‘butwith nativo womanand ahlld,
Nativo bo$w fodo
Wdlar, ‘
Rod Mms ?iold am, Mr. l%?anu, dlstzt-butixlg~ to nativolse
N=~UIO~hQ~ WUO~ WithOtiOty
OWOH6J,J~ @n@or with nativ~ ~Y atdiapons~~ *
Navy zYtdOOfO man ?hwkimg mtivoo~
Clouap of radmfe manand radintionoountor road$ng toot of ~t~vo~
Nativo ohildren pla@vI hop ecotch, -
(w
..-.
R.A. ~USELtOol,u*”(hTool@pIIU W, J-3 & Radimfo Officop
33
4- ,‘“’”u’DOD .,K 3200.19