lettuce production patterns - card: center for ...lettuce production patterns and practices...
TRANSCRIPT
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Lettuce Production Lettuce Production Patterns and PracticesPatterns and Practices
California and ArizonaCalifornia and Arizona
Belinda Platts, Belinda Platts, Agriculture ManagerAgriculture Manager
Dole Fresh VegetablesDole Fresh Vegetables
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Lettuce Production Lettuce Production Patterns and PracticesPatterns and Practices
Timelines of growing and harvesting Timelines of growing and harvesting activities in each growing regionactivities in each growing regionComparison of ground preparation activitiesComparison of ground preparation activitiesPattern of growing activities for a single Pattern of growing activities for a single ranchranchComparison of growing conditions and Comparison of growing conditions and irrigation practices between growing regionsirrigation practices between growing regions
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Timeline Timeline -- Salinas/Santa Salinas/Santa Maria Production Activities Maria Production Activities
Activity J F M A M J J A S O N D
Planting 1st
crop2nd
crop
Growing
Harvesting
Ground Preparation Mid season
Year end
Timeline is for iceberg lettuce; leaf lettuce and romaine harvest through November. Spring mix and spinach are planted from January through October and harvest February through November.
Two types of groundwork occur during the season. The mid-season groundwork between crops and the year end groundwork in preparation for the crops planted in the next year.
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Timeline Timeline –– Huron Huron Production Activities Production Activities
Activity J F M A M J J A S O N D
Ground Preparation
1st Planting
Growing
Harvesting
Ground Preparation
2nd Planting
Growing
Harvesting
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Timeline Timeline –– Imperial/Yuma Imperial/Yuma Production Activities Production Activities
Activity J F M A M J J A S O N D
Ground Preparation
Planting
Growing
Harvesting
Timeline is for iceberg lettuce; leaf lettuce and romaine begin harvest in the third week of November. Spring mix and spinach are planted from October through February and harvest November through March.
Minor groundwork is conducted at the end of each lettuce crop for subsequent rotation crops (wheat, alfalfa, etc). Major groundwork is conducted during the summer.
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Ground Preparation Practices Ground Preparation Practices ––Salinas/Santa MariaSalinas/Santa Maria
Mid Season -minimum
tillage
Mid Season –conventional
tillageFinal Groundpreparation
No. of days to completion 7 – 10 10 - 20 20 - 30
No. of tillage activities 5 – 8 9 - 17 11 - 19
Inorganic/organic amendments
applied
Conventional –No
Organic - Yes Occasional Yes
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FieldField PostharvestPostharvest
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Minimum Tillage Minimum Tillage ––Rolling CultivatorRolling Cultivator
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Forming Planting BedsForming Planting Beds
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Conventional DiscingConventional Discing
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Subsequent DiscingSubsequent Discing
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Deep Soil RippingDeep Soil Ripping
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Discing and Field Discing and Field LevelingLeveling
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Production Patterns on Production Patterns on Individual RanchIndividual Ranch
Multiple lots are in production simultaneously
Different lots can be in production of different crops
Planting, growing and harvesting can occur simultaneously on same ranch
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Production Patterns on Production Patterns on Salinas/Santa Maria ranchesSalinas/Santa Maria ranches
Lot 1Plant – Lettuce in Jan.
Harvest - AprilWork Ground - May
Plant – Lettuce in May Harvest - Aug.
Work Ground. – Aug./Sept.
Lot 2Strawberries – planted previous
Oct./Nov.Harvest – April – Oct.. Work Ground. – Nov.
Lot 3Plant – Broccoli in Mar.
Harvest - JuneWork Ground - July
Plant – Lettuce in JulyHarvest – Sept.
Work Ground. - Oct.
Lot 4Plant – Lettuce in April
Harvest - JulyWork Ground - July
Plant – Lettuce in Aug. Harvest - Oct.
Work Ground. - Nov.
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Comparison of CroppingComparison of CroppingSalinas/Santa
Maria Huron Imperial/YumaNo. of crops per land acre
Per year 2 - 3 2 1
Same land in consecutive
years Yes No No
Direct Seed Crop Growth
Periods
120 days 60 days 80 days
140 - 120 days 60 - 75 days
60 days 120 days 100 days
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Comparison of WeatherComparison of WeatherSalinas/Santa
Maria Huron Imperial/YumaTemps during
growing harvest
Cool to WarmWarm to Cool
Cold to WarmHot to Warm
Hot to ColdCold to Warm
Rainfall amount and
timing12 – 15 inches
Nov. – Mar.8 – 12 inches Nov. – Mar.
2 – 3 inches July – Sept.
Possible FloodingEvents
Jan. – Mar. adjacent to
creeks/rivers
Excess rainfall can collect in
individual fields
Excess rainfall can collect in
individual fields
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Comparison of Water and Comparison of Water and AmendmentsAmendmentsSalinas/Santa
Maria Huron Imperial/Yuma
Main Sourceof Water
Deep wells, storage in reservoirs Canals Canals
Amendment application
timing Aug. – Oct. June, Oct. May – June
Use of Organic amendment
sources Widespread No Widespread
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Comparison of Irrigation Comparison of Irrigation PracticesPractices
Salinas/Santa Maria Huron Imperial/Yuma
SprinklerGerminationCrop Growth Germination Germination
Furrow Crop Growth Crop Growth Final irrigation
Drip Crop Growth Crop Growth Crop Growth
Flood No use No use Crop Growth
Spring mix and baby spinach are irrigated throughout entire crop with sprinkler irrigation in all areas.
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Sprinkler irrigationSprinkler irrigation
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Furrow and Flood Furrow and Flood IrrigationIrrigation
Furrow irrigation is used in all areas. A gated pipe is placed at end of rows and water is delivered to groups of furrows at the same time.
Flood irrigation is used in Imperial/Yuma. A basin is created at the end of the field and filled with water. Siphon tubes deliver the water to each furrow.
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Drip IrrigationDrip Irrigation
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Comparison of Irrigation Comparison of Irrigation PracticesPractices
Tailwater discharge Tailwater discharge No reuse conditionsNo reuse conditions
Drainage lines or end of field discharge into Drainage lines or end of field discharge into adjacent waterwaysadjacent waterwaysDrainage ditch capture at end of field and Drainage ditch capture at end of field and subsequent percolationsubsequent percolation
Possible reuse conditionsPossible reuse conditionsDrainage lines or end of field diversion into Drainage lines or end of field diversion into reservoirreservoir
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