leus-vs-scw

7/25/2019 LEUS-VS-SCW

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/leus-vs-scw 1/21

G.R. No. 187226, January 28, 2015 - CHERYLL SANTOS LEUS, !"#"#on!r, $. ST.SCHOLAST%CA&S COLLEGE 'ESTGRO(E AN)*OR SR. E)NA +U%AAO, OS,R!/on!n".

THIRD DIVISION

G.R. No. 187226, January 28, 2015

CHERYLL SNTOS LE!S, Petitioner , v. ST. SCHOLSTIC"S COLLEGE#ESTGROVE ND$OR SR. EDN %!I&'O, OS', Respondents.

D E C I S I O N

REYES, J.(

C!ry San"o L!u 3/!"#"#on!r4 a #r! y S". Soa"#a& Co!! '!"ro$!3SSC'4, a Ca"o# !ua"#ona #n"#"u"#on, a a non-"!a#n /!ronn!, !na! #n/r!-9ar#"a !:ua r!a"#on, o" /r!nan" ou" o; !o<, 9arr#! "! ;a"!r o; !r #,an a #9#! y SSC', #n "a" or!r. T! =u!"#on "a" a "o ! r!o$! #!"!r "! /!"#"#on!r& onu" on"#"u"! a roun ;or !r #9#a.

!;or! "# Cour" # a /!"#"#on ;or r!$#! on certiorari un!r Ru! >5 o; "! Ru! o;Cour" !!<#n "o annu an !" a#! "! )!##on1 a"! S!/"!9!r 2>, 2008 anR!ou"#on2 a"! ar 2, 200? #u! y "! Cour" o; A//!a 3CA4 #n CA-G.R. SNo. 100188, # a;;#r9! "! R!ou"#on a"! @!ruary 28, 2007 an ay 21,2007> o; "! Na"#ona Laor R!a"#on Co99##on 3NLRC4 #n NLRC CA No. 0>?222-06.

T)* +a-

SSC' # a a"o# an !"ar#an !ua"#ona #n"#"u"#on #n S#an, Ca$#"!. %n ay 2001,SSC' #r! "! /!"#"#on!r a an A#"an" "o SSC'& )#r!"or o; "! Lay A/o"oa"!an Co99un#"y Ou"r!a )#r!"ora"!.

So9!"#9! #n 200, "! /!"#"#on!r an !r oy;r#!n on!#$! a # ou" o; !o<.'!n SSC' !arn! o; "! /!"#"#on!r& /r!nany, Sr. Ena +u#a9ao 3Sr. +u#a9ao4,SSC'& )#r!"r!, a$#! !r "o ;#! a r!#na"#on !""!r !;;!"#$! Jun! 1, 200. %nr!/on!, "! /!"#"#on!r #n;or9! Sr. +u#a9ao "a" ! ou no" r!#n ;ro9 !r!9/oy9!n" Bu" !au! ! o" /r!nan" #"ou" "! !n!;#" o;9arr#a!.5anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary



On ay 28, 200, Sr. +u#a9ao ;or9ay #r!"! "! /!"#"#on!r "o !:/a#n #n r#"#n y! ou no" ! #9#! ;or !na#n #n /r!-9ar#"a !:ua r!a"#on an !""#n/r!nan" a a r!u" "!r!o;, # a9oun" "o !r#ou 9#onu" an onu"un!o9#n o; an !9/oy!! o; a Ca"o# oo.6anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

%n a !""!r 7

a"! ay 1, 200, "! /!"#"#on!r !:/a#n! "a" !r /r!nany ou" o;!o< o! no" a9oun" "o !r#ou 9#onu" or onu" un!o9#n o; an!9/oy!!. S! a$!rr! "a" ! # unaar! o; any oo /o#y "a"#n "a" !#n/r!nan" ou" o; !o< # on#!r! a a !r#ou 9#onu" an, "u, a roun ;or#9#a. @ur"!r, "! /!"#"#on!r r!=u!"! a o/y o; SSC'& /o#y an u#!#n! o"a" ! 9ay !""!r r!/on "o "! ar! aa#n" !r.

On Jun! 2, 200, Sr. +u#a9ao #n;or9! "! /!"#"#on!r "a", /!n#n "! /ro9ua"#ono; a Su//or" S"a;; Hanoo<,D SSC' ;oo "! 1??2 anua o; R!ua"#on ;orr#$a"! Soo 31??2 RS4 on "! au! ;or "!r9#na"#on o; !9/oy9!n" "a"S!"#on ?>3!4 o; "! 1??2 RS #"! #ra!;u or #99ora onu"D a a roun ;or

#9#a #n a#"#on "o "! Bu" au! ;or "!r9#na"#on o; !9/oy9!n" /ro$#! un!r Ar"#! 282 o; "! Laor Co!.8anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

On Jun! >, 200, "! /!"#"#on!r, "rou oun!, !n" Sr. +u#a9ao a !""!r, ? #, #n/ar", r!aFanro!$#r"uaa#rary

To u, /r!-9ar#"a !: !"!!n "o on!n"#n au" #"ou" !a #9/!#9!n" "o 9arry!a o"!r o a"!r on 9arr#! !a o"!r o! no" ;a #"#n "! on"!9/a"#on o;#ra!;u or #99ora onu"D an !r#ou 9#onu"D o; "! anua o; R!ua"#on;or r#$a"! Soo an "! Laor Co! o; "! ##//#n!.

Your aru9!n" "a" a" a//!n! "o our #!n" ou !" a a !:a9/! "o "!"u!n" an o"!r !9/oy!! o; your oo # /!ua"#$! an # 9or! #9a#nary "anr!a. To #9# !r on "a" o! roun on"#"u"! ra$! au! o; 9ana!9!n"/r!roa"#$!.

Con#!r#n !r un"arn#! !r$#! ;or "o y!ar, #9##n !r #" !r /r!!n"on#"#on ou ao 9!an !/r#$#n !r "o ! 9or! !ur! #n "!r9 o; ;#nan#aa/a#"y "o u"a#n 9a"!rna n!!.10

%n a !""!r 11 a"! Jun! 6, 200, SSC', "rou oun!, 9a#n"a#n! "a" /r!-9ar#"a!:ua r!a"#on, !$!n #; !"!!n "o on!n"#n au" #"ou" !a #9/!#9!n" "o9arry, # on#!r! a #ra!;u an #99ora onu" or a !r#ou 9#onu", #ar! roun ;or "! "!r9#na"#on o; !9/oy9!n" un!r "! 1??2 RS an "! LaorCo!. Ta" SSC', a a Ca"o# #n"#"u"#on o; !arn#n, a "! r#" "o u/o "!"!a#n o; "! Ca"o# Cur an !:/!" #" !9/oy!! "o a#! y "! a9!. T!y;ur"!r a!r"! "a" "! /!"#"#on!r& #n#r!"#on # ;ur"!r ara$a"! y "! ;a" "a"! # "! A#"an" "o "! )#r!"or o; "! Lay A/o"oa"! an Co99un#"y Ou"r!a)#r!"ora"!, a /o#"#on o; r!/on###"y "a" "! "u!n" oo< u/ "o a ro! 9o!. T!/!"#"#on!r a aa#n #r!"! "o u9#" a r#""!n !:/ana"#on on y ! ou no" !#9#!.



On Jun! ?, 200, "! /!"#"#on!r #n;or9! Sr. +u#a9ao "a" ! ao/" !r oun!&!""!r a"! Jun! >, 200 a !r r#""!n !:/ana"#on. 12anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

Con!=u!n"y, #n !r !""!r 1 a"! Jun! 11, 200, Sr. +u#a9ao #n;or9! "! /!"#"#on!r

"a" !r !9/oy9!n" #" SSC' # "!r9#na"! on "! roun o; !r#ou 9#onu".S! "r!! "a" /r!-9ar#"a !:ua r!a"#on !"!!n "o on!n"#n au" #" no#9/!#9!n" "o 9arry, !$!n #; "!y u!=u!n"y 9arr#!, a9oun" "o #99ora onu".S! ;ur"!r /o#n"! ou" "a" SSC' ;#n una!/"a! "! ana rou" aou" y "!/!"#"#on!r& /r!nany ou" o; !o< a #" ran oun"!r "o "! 9ora /r#n#/! "a"SSC' "an ;or an "!a! #" "u!n".

T!r!u/on, "! /!"#"#on!r ;#! a o9/a#n" ;or #!a #9#a #" "! R!#ona Ar#"ra"#on ran o; "! NLRC #n +u!on C#"y aa#n" SSC' an Sr. +u#a9ao3r!/on!n"4. %n !r /o#"#on /a/!r,1> "! /!"#"#on!r a#9! "a" SSC' ra$!y au!#" 9ana!9!n" /r!roa"#$! a "!r! a no Bu" au! ;or !r #9#a. S!

9a#n"a#n! "a" !r /r!nany ou" o; !o< anno" ! on#!r! a !r#ou9#onu" #n! "! a9! # a /ur!y /r#$a"! a;;a#r an no" onn!"! #n any ay #"!r u"#! a an !9/oy!! o; SSC'. @ur"!r, "! /!"#"#on!r a$!rr! "a" ! an !roy;r#!n !$!n"uay o" 9arr#! !$!n /r#or "o !r #9#a.

@or "!#r /ar", SSC' a#9! "a" "!r! a Bu" au! "o "!r9#na"! "! /!"#"#on!r&!9/oy9!n" #" SSC' an "a" "! a9! # a $a# !:!r#! o; SSC'& 9ana!9!n"/r!roa"#$!. T!y 9a#n"a#n! "a" !na#n #n /r!-9ar#"a !:, an !""#n /r!nan" aa r!u" "!r!o;, a9oun" "o a #ra!;u or #99ora onu", # # a roun ;or "!#9#a o; an !9/oy!! un!r "! 1??2 RS.

T!y /o#n"! ou" "a" SSC' # a Ca"o# !ua"#ona #n"#"u"#on, # a"!r!:u#$!y "o youn #r "a" SSC' ou o! #" r!###"y #; #" ou 9a#n"a#n!9/oy!! o o no" #$! u/ "o "! $au! an "!a#n #" #nua"! "o #" "u!n".SSC' ;ur"!r a!r"! "a" "! /!"#"#on!r, !#n an !9/oy!! o; a Ca"o# !ua"#ona#n"#"u"#on, ou a$! "r#$! "o 9a#n"a#n "! onor, #n#"y an r!/u"a"#on o; SSC' aa Ca"o# oo.15anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

T)* Ru/n o -)* La3or r3-*r

On @!ruary 28, 2006, "! Laor Ar#"!r 3LA4 r!n!r! a )!##on,16 #n NLRC Ca! No.6-17657-0-C # #9#! "! o9/a#n" ;#! y "! /!"#"#on!r. T! LA ;oun "a""!r! a a $a# roun ;or "! /!"#"#on!r& #9#a "a" !r /r!nany ou" o;!o< # on#!r! a a #ra!;u an #99ora onu".D T! LA /o#n"! ou" "a",a an !9/oy!! o; a Ca"o# !ua"#ona #n"#"u"#on, "! /!"#"#on!r # !:/!"! "o #$! u/"o "! Ca"o# $au! "au" y SSC' "o #" "u!n". L#<!#!, "! LA o/#n!"a"Fanro!$#r"uaa#rary

@ur"!r, a !!/ anay# o; "! ;a" ou !a u "o #ar!! #" "! o9/a#nan" "a"! a #9#! #9/y !au! ! $#oa"!I a Ca"o# "!a#nI. %" ou no" !"a<!n #n #oa"#on u" ra"!r #" ou ! anay! #n "! #" o; "! urroun#n



#ru9"an! a a o!. '! 9u" ao "a<! #n"o on#!ra"#onI "! na"ur! o; !r or<an "! na"ur! o; !r !9/oy!r-oo. @or u, #" # no" Bu" an or#nary $#oa"#on. %" ao99#""! y "! o9/a#nan" #n an !n$#ron9!n" !r! !r "r#" a!r!n! "o "!a9! # a! ;or an !r! "! r!/u"a"#on o; "! oo # a" "a<!. : : :. 17

T! LA ;ur"!r ! "a" "!a!r an oo !9/oy!!, o" #n "!#r o;;##a an/!rona onu", 9u" #/ay !:!9/ary !a$#or an a" #n a 9ann!r "a" # !yonr!/roa.

T! /!"#"#on!r a//!a! "o "! NLRC, #n#"#n "a" "!r! a no $a# roun ;or "!"!r9#na"#on o; !r !9/oy9!n". S! 9a#n"a#n! "a" !r /r!nany ou" o; !o<anno" ! on#!r! a !r#ou 9#onu"D un!r Ar"#! 282 o; "! Laor Co!#n! "! a9! a no" o; u a ra$! an ara$a"! ara"!r. S! a!r"! "a"SSC' # no" /r!!n" any !$#!n! "o !"a# "a" !r /r!nany ou" o; !o<#n!! !ro! "! 9ora /r#n#/! "a" #" "!a! #""u!n".18anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

T)* Ru/n o -)* NLRC

On @!ruary 28, 2007, "! NLRC #u! a R!ou"#on,1? # a;;#r9! "! LA )!##ona"! @!ruary 28, 2006. T! NLRC /o#n"! ou" "a" "! "!r9#na"#on o; "! !9/oy9!n"o; "! /!ronn! o; /r#$a"! oo # o$!rn! y "! 1??2 RS "a" S!"#on ?>3!4"!r!o; #"! #ra!;u or #99ora onu"D a a Bu" au! ;or #9#a, #n a#"#on"o "! roun ;or "!r9#na"#on o; !9/oy9!n" /ro$#! ;or un!r Ar"#! 282 o; "! Laor Co!. T! NLRC ! "a" "! /!"#"#on!r& /r!nany ou" o; !o< # a #ra!;u or#99ora onu"D #"#n "! on"!9/a"#on o; S!"#on ?>3!4 o; "! 1??2 RS an,"u, SSC' a a $a# r!aon "o "!r9#na"! !r !9/oy9!n".

T! /!"#"#on!r ou" r!on#!ra"#on20 o; "! R!ou"#on a"! @!ruary 28, 2007 u" #"a !n#! y "! NLRC #n #" R!ou"#on21 a"! ay 21, 2007.

Un/!r"ur!, "! /!"#"#on!r ;#! a /!"#"#on22 ;or certiorari #" "! CA, a!#n "a" "!NLRC ra$!y au! #" #r!"#on #n ru#n "a" "!r! a a $a# roun ;or !r#9#a. S! 9a#n"a#n! "a" /r!nany ou" o; !o< anno" ! on#!r! a a#ra!;u or #99ora onu" "a" SSC' ;a#! "o /ro$! "a" #" "u!n" !r! #n!!ra$!y ana#! y !r /r!nany ou" o; !o<. S! #<!#! a!r"! "a" "!NLRC !rr! #n a//y#n S!"#on ?>3!4 o; "! 1??2 RS.raar!

T)* Ru/n o -)* C

On S!/"!9!r 2>, 2008, "! CA r!n!r! "! !r!#n aa#! )!##on,2 # !n#!"! /!"#"#on ;or certiorari ;#! y "! /!"#"#on!r. T! CA ! "a" #" # "! /ro$##on o; "!1??2 RS an no" "! Laor Co! # o$!rn "! "!r9#na"#on o; !9/oy9!n" o;"!a#n an non-"!a#n /!ronn! o; /r#$a"! oo, !:/a#n#n"a"Fanro!$#r"uaa#rary



%" # a /r#n#/! o; "a"u"ory on"ru"#on "a" !r! "!r! ar! "o "a"u"! "a" a//y "o a/ar"#uar a!, "a" # a /!#ay #n"!n! ;or "! a# a! 9u" /r!$a#.!"#"#on!r a !9/oy! y r!/on!n" /r#$a"! Ca"o# #n"#"u"#on # un!n#ay;oo "! /r!!/" or nor9 o; onu" !" ;or" y "! Ca"o# Cur. Aor#ny,"! anua o; R!ua"#on ;or r#$a"! Soo ;oo! y #" 9u" /r!$a# o$!r "! Laor

Co!, a !n!ra "a"u"!. T! anua on"#"u"! "! /r#$a"! oo& %9/!9!n"#nRu! an R!ua"#on o; a"a a9ana. 22 or "! Eua"#on A" o; 1?82. : ::.2>

T! CA ;ur"!r ! "a" "! /!"#"#on!r& #9#a a a $a# !:!r#! o; SSC'&9ana!9!n" /r!roa"#$! "o ##/#n! an #9/o! /!na"#! on !rr#n !9/oy!!/uruan" "o #" /o##!, ru! an r!ua"#on. T! CA u/! "! NLRC& onu#on"a" "! /!"#"#on!r& /r!nany ou" o; !o< # on#!r! a a #ra!;u an#99ora onu"D an, "u, a roun ;or #9#a un!r S!"#on ?>3!4 o; "! 1??2RS. T! CA #<!#! o/#n! "a" "! /!"#"#on!r& /r!nany ou" o; !o< #anaou /!r ! #$!n "! or< !n$#ron9!n" an o#a 9##!u "a" ! a

#n, viz Fanro!$#r"uaa#rary

Un!r S!"#on ?> 3!4 o; "! RSI, an !$!n un!r Ar"#! 282 3!r#ou 9#onu"4 o; "! Laor Co!, #ra!;u an #99ora onu"D # a a# ;or "!r9#na"#on o;!9/oy9!n".

: :::

!"#"#on!r on"!n "a" !r /r!-9ar#"a !:ua r!a"#on #" !r oy;r#!n an !r/r!nany /r#or "o 9arr#a! a no" #ra!;u or #99ora onu" u;;##!n" ;or !r#9#a !au! ! a no" a 9!9!r o; "! oo& ;au"y an "!r! # no!$#!n! "a" !r /r!nany ana#! "! oo o99un#"y.

'! ar! no" /!rua!. !"#"#on!r& /r!nany /r#or "o 9arr#a! # anaou #n #"!;#$!n "! or< !n$#ron9!n" an o#a 9##!u ! a #n. R!/on!n" oo ;or youna#! /r!#!y !!< "o /r!$!n" #" "u!n" ;ro9 #"ua"#on #<! "#, #nua"#n #n"!9 "r#" 9ora $au! an "anar. !#n /ar" o; "! #n"#"u"#on, /!"#"#on!r& /r#$a"!an /u# #;! ou no" ! !/ara"!. H!r a9#""! /r!-9ar#"a !:ua r!a"#on a a$#oa"#on o; /r#$a"! r!/on!n"& /r!r#! "anar o; onu" "a" $#! /r!-9ar#"a!: a #99ora !au! !: !"!!n a 9an an a o9an 9u" ony "a<! /a! #"#n"! oun o; 9arr#a!.

@#nay, /!"#"#on!r& #9#a # a $a# !:!r#! o; "! !9/oy!r-oo& 9ana!9!n"/r!roa"#$! "o ##/#n! an #9/o! /!na"#! on !rr#n !9/oy!! /uruan" "o #"/o##!, ru! an r!ua"#on. : : :.25 3C#"a"#on o9#""!4

T! /!"#"#on!r 9o$! ;or r!on#!ra"#on26 u" #" a !n#! y "! CA #n #"R!ou"#on27 a"! ar 2, 200?.

H!n!, "! #n"an" /!"#"#on.



Iu*

E!n"#ay, "! #u! !" ;or" y "! /!"#"#on!r ;or "# Cour"& !##on ar! "!;oo#nF first,!"!r "! CA o99#""! r!$!r#! !rror #n ru#n "a" #" # "! 1??2RS an no" "! Laor Co! "a" o$!rn "! "!r9#na"#on o; !9/oy9!n" o; "!a#n

an non-"!a#n /!ronn! o; /r#$a"! oo an second , !"!r "! /!"#"#on!r&/r!nany ou" o; !o< on"#"u"! a $a# roun "o "!r9#na"! !r!9/oy9!n".raar!

T)* Ru/n o -)* Cour-

T! Cour" ran" "! /!"#"#on.

+r- Iu*( 44/a3/-y o -)* 12 &RS

T! /!"#"#on!r on"!n "a" "! CA, #n ru#n "a" "!r! a a $a# roun "o #9#!r, !rr! #n a//y#n S!"#on ?> o; "! 1??2 RS. E!n"#ay, ! a#9 "a" "!1??2 RS a #u! y "! S!r!"ary o; Eua"#on a "! r!$#! #9/!9!n"#nru! an r!ua"#on o; a"a a9ana#an 22 3 224 or "! Eua"#on A" o;1?82.D Ta" "!r! # no /ro$##on #n 22, # /ro$#! ;or "! roun ;or "!"!r9#na"#on o; !9/oy9!n" o; "!a#n an non-"!a#n /!ronn! o; /r#$a"! oo.Tu, S!"#on ?> o; "! 1??2 RS, # /ro$#! ;or "! au! o; "!r9#na"#n an!9/oy9!n", # #n$a# a #" #!n! "! o/! an o$!ra!D o; 22.

T! Cour" o! no" ar!!.

T! Cour" no"! "a" "! aru9!n" aa#n" "! $a##"y o; "! 1??2 RS, /!#;#ayS!"#on ?> "!r!o;, # ra#! y "! /!"#"#on!r ;or "! ;#r" "#9! #n "! #n"an" /!"#"#on ;or

r!$#!. No!r! #n "! /ro!!#n !;or! "! LA, "! NLRC or "! CA # "!/!"#"#on!r aa# "! $a##"y o; "! /ro$##on o; "! 1??2 RS.

%" # ! !"a#! "a" #u! ra#! ;or "! ;#r" "#9! on a//!a an no" ra#! #n "!/ro!!#n #n "! o!r our" ar! arr! y !"o//!. o#n" o; a, "!or#!, #u!,an aru9!n" no" rou" "o "! a""!n"#on o; "! "r#a our" ou" no" "o ! on#!r!y a r!$#!#n our", a "!! anno" ! ra#! ;or "! ;#r" "#9! on a//!a. To on#!r"! a!! ;a" an aru9!n" !a"!y ra#! ou a9oun" "o "ra9/#n on "!a# /r#n#/! o; ;a#r /ay, Bu"#!, an u! /ro!.D28anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

%n any a!, !$!n #; "! Cour" !r! "o #r!ar "! /!"#"#on!r& !a"! a#9 o; "!

#n$a##"y o; "! 1??2 RS, "! Cour" "# ;#n "! a9! un"!na!.

T! 1??2 RS, "! r!ua"#on #n ;or! a" "! "#9! o; "! #n"an" on"ro$!ry, a#u! y "! S!r!"ary o; Eua"#on /uruan" "o 22. S!"#on 702? o; 22 $!""! S!r!"ary o; Eua"#on #" "! au"or#"y "o #u! ru! an r!ua"#on "o #9/!9!n""! /ro$##on o; 22. Cono9#"an"y, S!"#on 570 /!#;#ay !9/o!r "!)!/ar"9!n" o; Eua"#on "o /ro9ua"! ru! an r!ua"#on n!!ary ;or "!a9#n#"ra"#on, u/!r$##on an r!ua"#on o; "! !ua"#ona y"!9 #n aoran! #"



"! !ar! /o#y o; 22.

T! =ua#;#a"#on o; "!a#n an non-"!a#n /!ronn! o; /r#$a"! oo, a ! a"! au! ;or "! "!r9#na"#on o; "!#r !9/oy9!n", ar! an #n"!ra a/!" o; "!!ua"#ona y"!9 o; /r#$a"! oo. %nu#"ay, !nur#n "a" "! "!a#n an non-

"!a#n /!ronn! o; /r#$a"! oo ar! no" ony =ua#;#!, u" o9/!"!n" an !;;##!n"a ! o! an #n an #" "! !ar! oB!"#$! o; 22 !"a##n an9a#n"a#n#n r!!$an" =ua#"y !ua"#on.1 %" # "u #"#n "! au"or#"y o; "! S!r!"ary o; Eua"#on "o #u! a ru!, # /ro$#! ;or "! #9#a o; "!a#n an non-"!a#n/!ronn! o; /r#$a"! oo a! on "!#r #no9/!"!n!, #n!;;##!ny, or o9! o"!r#=ua#;#a"#on.

or!o$!r, S!"#on 6? o; 22 /!#;#ay au"or#! "! S!r!"ary o; Eua"#on "o/r!r#! an #9/o! u a9#n#"ra"#$! an"#on a ! 9ay !!9 r!aona! ana//ro/r#a"! #n "! #9/!9!n"#n ru! an r!ua"#onD ;or "! Iro #n!;;##!ny o; "!"!a#n or non-"!a#n /!ronn!D o; /r#$a"! oo.2 Aor#ny, on"rary "o "!

/!"#"#on!r& a#9, "! Cour" !! no r!aon "o #n$a#a"! "! /ro$##on o; "! 1??2RS, /!#;#ay S!"#on ?> "!r!o;.raar!

S*on Iu*( Va/-y o -)* *--on*r" Da/

T! $a##"y o; "! /!"#"#on!r& #9#a #n! on "! !"!r9#na"#on o; !"!r/r!nany ou" o; !o< y an !9/oy!! o; a a"o# !ua"#ona #n"#"u"#on # a au!;or "! "!r9#na"#on o; !r !9/oy9!n".

%n r!o$#n "! ;or!o#n =u!"#on, "! Cour" # a! "! 9a""!r ;ro9 a "r#"yn!u"ra an !uar /o#n" o; $#! "! r!a"#on#/ !"!!n SSC' a !9/oy!r an "!/!"#"#on!r a an !9/oy!!, "! au! /ro$#! ;or y a #n "! "!r9#na"#on o; ur!a"#on#/, an "! !$#!n! on r!or. T! roun #"! ;or "! /!"#"#on!r& #9#a,#.!., /r!-9ar#"a !:ua r!a"#on an, on!=u!n"y, /r!nany ou" o; !o<, # !a!! a "o !"!r "! a9! on"#"u"! a $a# roun ;or #9#a /uruan" "oS!"#on ?>3!4 o; "! 1??2 RS.

The standard of review in a Rule 45 petition from the CA decision in labor cases.

%n a /!"#"#on ;or r!$#! un!r Ru! >5 o; "! Ru! o; Cour", u a "! #n"an" /!"#"#on,!r! "! CA& #/o#"#on #n a aor a! # ou" "o ! a#ra"!, "! Cour"& r!$#!# =u#"! #9#"!. %n ru#n ;or !a orr!"n!, "! Cour" a "o $#! "! CA !##on #n"! a9! on"!:" "a" "! /!"#"#on ;or certiorari #" ru! u/on a /r!!n"! "o #" "!Cour" a "o !:a9#n! "! CA !##on ;ro9 "! /r#9 o; !"!r #" orr!"y !"!r9#n!"! /r!!n! or a!n! o; ra$! au! o; #r!"#on #n "! NLRC !##on !;or! #",no" on "! a# o; !"!r "! NLRC !##on on "! 9!r#" o; "! a! aorr!".anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

T! /ra! ra$! au! o; #r!"#onD # !-!;#n! #n "! Cour"& Bur#/ru!n!. %"



!:#" !r! an a" o; a our" or "r#una # /!r;or9! #" a a/r##ou or #9#a!:!r#! o; Bu9!n" !=u#$a!n" "o a< o; Bur##"#on.> T! !"!r9#na"#on o; "!/r!!n! or a!n! o; ra$! au! o; #r!"#on o! no" #nu! an #n=u#ry #n"o "!orr!"n! o; "! !$aua"#on o; !$#!n!, # a "! a# o; "! aor a!ny #nr!a#n #" onu#on.5anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

N!$!r"!!, #! a certiorari /ro!!#n o! no" "r#"y #nu! an #n=u#ry a "o "!orr!"n! o; "! !$aua"#on o; !$#!n! 3"a" a "! a# o; "! aor "r#una #n!"!r9#n#n "!#r onu#on4, "! #norr!"n! o; #" !$#!n"#ary !$aua"#on ou no"r!u" #n n!a"#n "! r!=u#r!9!n" o; u"an"#a !$#!n!. In**, 9)*n -)*r* a)o9n -)a- -)* nn or on/uon, ra9n ro -)* a* 4** o*:*n*, 9*r* arr:* a- ar3-rar/y or n r*ar o -)* *:*n* on r*or,-)*y ay 3* r*:*9* 3y -)* our-. %n /ar"#uar, "! CA an ran" "! /!"#"#on ;or!r"#orar# #; #" ;#n "a" "! NLRC, #n #" aa#! !##on or r!ou"#on, 9a! a ;a"ua;#n#n no" u//or"! y u"an"#a !$#!n!. A !##on "a" # no" u//or"! yu"an"#a !$#!n! # !;#n#"!y a !##on "a#n"! #" ra$! au! o;

#r!"#on.

6

anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

Thelabor tribunals’ respectiveconclusions that the petitioner’s pregnancy is a disgraceful or immoral conduct!were arrived at arbitrarily.

T! CA an "! aor "r#una a;;#r9! "! $a##"y o; "! /!"#"#on!r& #9#a /uruan""o S!"#on ?>3!4 o; "! 1??2 RS, # /ro$#! "a"Fanro!$#r"uaa#rary

S!. ?>. Cau! o; T!r9#na"#n E9/oy9!n" %n a#"#on "o "! Bu" au!!nu9!ra"! #n "! Laor Co!, "! !9/oy9!n" o; oo /!ronn!, #nu#n ;au"y,9ay ! "!r9#na"! ;or any o; "! ;oo#n au!FCanRo!(#r"uaa#rary: :::

!. )#ra!;u or #99ora onu"

: :::

T! aor "r#una onu! "a" "! /!"#"#on!r& /r!nany ou" o; !o<, per se, ##ra!;u an #99oraD on#!r#n "a" ! # !9/oy! #n a Ca"o# !ua"#ona#n"#"u"#on. %n arr#$#n a" u onu#on, "! aor "r#una 9!r!y a!! "! ;a" o;"! /!"#"#on!r& /r!nany vis-à-vis "! "o"a#"y o; "! #ru9"an! urroun#n "!a9!.

Ho!$!r, "! Cour" ;#n no u"an"#a !$#!n! "o u//or" "! a;or!9!n"#on!onu#on arr#$! a" y "! aor "r#una. T! ;a" o; "! /!"#"#on!r& /r!nany ou" o;!o<, #"ou" 9or!, # no" !nou "o ara"!r#! "! /!"#"#on!r& onu" a#ra!;u or #99ora. T!r! 9u" ! u"an"#a !$#!n! "o !"a# "a" /r!-9ar#"a!:ua r!a"#on an, on!=u!n"y, /r!nany ou" o; !o<, ar! #n!! on#!r!#ra!;u or #99ora.



The totality of the circumstancessurrounding the conduct alleged to bedisgraceful or immoral must be assessed against the prevailing norms of conduct.

%n Chua-Qua v. Clave,7 "! Cour" "r!! "a" "o on"#"u"! #99ora#"y, "!#ru9"an! o; !a /ar"#uar a! 9u" ! o#"#ay on#!r! an *:a/ua-* n/)- o -)* 4r*:a/n nor o onu- an a//#a! a.8 O"!r#! "a"!, #" #no" "! "o"a#"y o; "! #ru9"an! urroun#n "! onu" per se "a" !"!r9#n!!"!r "! a9! # #ra!;u or #99ora, u" "! onu" "a" # !n!ray a!/"!y o#!"y a r!/!"a! or 9ora. %; "! onu" o! no" on;or9 "o a" o#!"y!n!ray $#! a r!/!"a! or 9ora, "!n "! onu" # on#!r! a #ra!;uor #99ora. T!r!y /u", u"an"#a !$#!n! 9u" ! /r!!n"!, # ou !"a#"a" a /ar"#uar onu", $#!! #n #" o; "! /r!$a##n nor9 o; onu", #on#!r! #ra!;u or #99ora.

Tu, "! !"!r9#na"#on o; !"!r a onu" # #ra!;u or #99ora #n$o$! a "o-"!/ /ro!Ffirst, a on#!ra"#on o; "! "o"a#"y o; "! #ru9"an! urroun#n "!onu" an second, an a!9!n" o; "! a# #ru9"an! vis-à-vis "! /r!$a##nnor9 o; onu", i.e., a" "! o#!"y !n!ray on#!r 9ora an r!/!"a!.

Ta" "! /!"#"#on!r a !9/oy! y a Ca"o# !ua"#ona #n"#"u"#on per se o! no"aou"!y !"!r9#n! !"!r !r /r!nany ou" o; !o< # #ra!;u or #99ora.T!r! # "# a n!!#"y "o !"!r9#n! !"!r "! /!"#"#on!r& /r!nany ou" o; !o<# on#!r! #ra!;u or #99ora #n aoran! #" "! /r!$a##n nor9 o;onu".

"ublic and secular morality shoulddetermine the prevailing norms of conduct#not religious morality.

Ho!$!r, !"!r9#n#n a" "! /r!$a##n nor9 o; onu" ar! on#!r! #ra!;uor #99ora # no" an !ay "a<. An #n#$#ua& /!r!/"#on o; a" # 9ora orr!/!"a! # a on;u!n! o; a 9yr#a o; #n;u!n!, u a r!##on, ;a9#y, o#a"a"u, an a ao/ony o; o"!r. %n "# r!ar, "! Cour"& ra"#o#na"#on #n Estrada v.Escritor ? # #n"ru"#$!.

%n Estrada, an a9#n#"ra"#$! a! aa#n" a our" #n"!r/r!"!r ar! #" #ra!;uan #99ora onu", "! Cour" "r!! "a" #n !"!r9#n#n !"!r a /ar"#uaronu" an ! on#!r! a #ra!;u an #99ora, "! #"#n"#on !"!!n /u#an !uar 9ora#"y on "! on! an, an r!##ou 9ora#"y, on "! o"!r, ou !<!/" #n 9#n.>0 Ta" "! #"#n"#on !"!!n /u# an !uar 9ora#"y an r!##ou9ora#"y # #9/or"an" !au! "! Bur##"#on o; "! Cour" !:"!n ony "o /u# an!uar 9ora#"y.>1 T! Cour" ;ur"!r !:/a#n! "a"Fanro!$#r"uaa#rary



T)* ora/-y r**rr* -o n -)* /a9 4u3/ an n**ar/y *u/ar , no" r!##ou :::. R!##ou "!a#n a !:/r!! #n /u# !a"! 9ay #n;u!n! "! #$# /u#or!r u" /u# 9ora #/u"! 9ay ! r!o$! ony on roun ar"#ua! #n !uar"!r9.D O-)*r9*, o:*rn*n- r*/* u4on r*/ou 3*/* n oru/a-n4u3/ 4o/* an ora/, -)* r*u/-n 4o/* an ora/ 9ou/ r*;ur*

onor-y -o 9)a- o* )- r*ar a r*/ou 4rora or a*na . T! non-!#!$!r ou "!r!;or! ! o9/!! "o on;or9 "o a "anar o; onu" u""r!!y a r!##ou !#!;, #.!., "o a o9/!! r!##on,D ana"!9a "o r!##ou ;r!!o9.L#<!#!, #; o$!rn9!n" a! #" a"#on u/on r!##ou !#!;, #" ou "a#"y a//ro$!or !nor! "a" !#!; an "!r!y ao "a#"y #a//ro$! on"rary r!##ou or non-r!##ou $#! "a" ou no" u//or" "! /o#y. A a r!u", o$!rn9!n" # no"/ro$#! ;u r!##ou ;r!!o9 ;or a #" #"#!n, or !$!n 9a<! #" a//!ar "a" "o!o! !#!; ar! #a//ro$! ar! !on-a #"#!n. E:/an#$! r!##ou ;r!!o9"!r!;or! r!=u#r! "a" o$!rn9!n" ! n!u"ra #n 9a""!r o; r!##on o$!rn9!n"ar!#an! u/on r!##ou Bu"#;#a"#on # #non#"!n" #" "# /o#y o; n!u"ra#"y.

In o-)*r 9or, o:*rn*n- a-on, n/un - 4ror4-on o ora/-y a*<4r** n rna/ /a9 /=* onu3na*, u- )a:* a *u/ar 4ur4o*. T)a- ,-)* o:*rn*n- 4ror3* -) onu- 3*au* - >*-r*n-a/ ?or an*rou@-o -)o* on-on u4on 9)) *4*n -)* *<-*n* an 4ror* o )uano*-yA an no- 3*au* -)* onu- 4ror3* 3y -)* 3*/* o on* r*/onor -)* o-)*r. A"ou a9#""!y, 9ora Bu9!n" a! on r!##on 9#" a$! ao9/!#n #n;u!n! on "o! !na! #n /u# !#!ra"#on o$!r a" a"#on ou! on#!r! a 9ora #a//roa"#on /un#a! y a. A;"!r a, "!y 9#" ao !a!r!n" o; a r!##on an "u a$! r!##ou o/#n#on an 9ora o! #" ao9/!#n #n;u!n! on "!9 "! u9an 9#n !n!a$or "o r!ua"! "! "!9/ora an/#r#"ua #n"#"u"#on o; o#!"y #n a un#;or9 9ann!r, ar9on##n !ar" #"

!a$!n.Sun-/y 4u-, a /a9 ou/ 3* r*/ou or Ban-an or ;unan or

u-/-aran n - **4*- roo-, 3u- - u- )a:* an ar-u/a3/* an *rn3/**u/ar 4ur4o* an u-a-on -o 4a ru-ny o -)* r*/on /au* . :::.>23C#"a"#on o9#""! an !9/a! our4

Aor#ny, !n "! a /!a< o; #99ora or, n!!ar#y, #ra!;u onu", #"/!r"a#n "o /u# an !uar 9ora#"y #" r!;!r "o "o! onu" # ar! /ror#!!au! "!y ar! *-r*n-a/ -o on-on u4on 9)) *4*n -)* *<-*n* an4ror* o )uan o*-y. Tu, #n Anonymous v. Radam,> an a9#n#"ra"#$! a!#n$o$#n a our" u"##"y or<!r #<!#! ar! #" #ra!;u an #99ora onu",a//y#n "! o"r#n! a# on #n E"raa, "! Cour" !"a"Fanro!$#r"uaa#rary

+or a 4ar-u/ar onu- -o on--u-* >ra*u/ an ora/A 3*)a:or un*r:/ *r:* /a9, - u- 3* r*u/a-* on aoun- o -)* on*rn o 4u3/ an*u/ar ora/-y. I- anno- 3* u* 3a* on 4*rona/ 3a, 4*a//y -)o*o/or* 3y 4ar-u/ar or*. Nor )ou/ - 3* roun* on >u/-ura/A :a/u* no-on:nn/y *on-ra-* -o )a:* 3**n r*on* n -)* r*a/ o 4u3/ 4o/y*<4r** n -)* Con--u-on an -)* /a9. A" "! a9! "#9!, "! on"#"u"#onayuaran"!! r#" 3u a "! r#" "o /r#$ay4 ou ! o!r$! "o "! !:"!n" "a"



"!y /ro"!" !a$#or "a" 9ay ! ;ron! u/on y "! 9aBor#"y.

Un!r "!! "!", "o "#n 9ay ! onu! ;ro9 "! ;a" "a" an un9arr#! o9an#$! #r" ou" o; !o<F

314 -)* a-)*r o -)* )/ )*/ unarr*, -)* 9oan no- ornar/yan-ra-:*/y /a3/* or ra*u/ an ora/ onu-. %" 9ay ! a no"-o-#!a #"ua"#on an 9ay au! o9/#a"#on ;or o" 9o"!r an # u" #" o!no" #$! au! ;or a9#n#"ra"#$! an"#on. T)*r* no /a9 9)) 4*na/* anunarr* o-)*r un*r -)o* ru-an* 3y r*aon o )*r *<ua/onu- or 4ror3* -)* on*nua/ *<ua/ a-:-y 3*-9**n -9o unarr*4*ron. N*-)*r o* -)* -ua-on on-ra:*n* any una*n-a/ -a-* 4o/ya *<4r** n -)* Con--u-on, a ou*n- -)a- aooa-* :arou3*/* y-* rr*4*-:* o oa- orn.

324 -)* a-)*r o -)* )/ 3orn ou- o 9*/o= )*/ arr* -o a 9oano-)*r -)an -)* o-)*r, -)*n -)*r* a au* or an-ra-:* an-on

aan- *-)*r -)* a-)*r or -)* o-)*r. In u) a a*, -)* >ra*u/ anora/ onu-A on- o )a:n *<-raar-a/ r*/a-on 9-) a arr*4*ron. T! an"#"y o; 9arr#a! # on"#"u"#onay r!on#! an #<!#! a;;#r9!y our "a"u"! a a /!#a on"ra" o; /!r9an!n" un#on. Aor#ny, Bu##a!9/oy!! a$! !!n an"#on! ;or "!#r a#an! #" 9arr#! /!ron or ;or"!#r on !"raya o; "! 9ar#"a $o o; ;#!#"y.

%n "# a!, #" a no" #/u"! "a", #<! r!/on!n", "! ;a"!r o; !r # aun9arr#!. T!r!;or!, r!/on!n" anno" ! ! #a! ;or #ra!;u an #99oraonu" #9/y !au! ! a$! #r" "o "! # Cr#"#an J!on ou" o;!o<.>>3C#"a"#on o9#""! an !9/a! our4

o" Estrada an Radam ar! a9#n#"ra"#$! a! aa#n" !9/oy!! #n "! #$#!r$#!. T! Cour", o!$!r, !! no r!aon no" "o a//y "! o"r#n! !nun#a"!#n Estrada an Radam #n "! #n"an" a!. Estrada an Radam ao r!=u#r! "! Cour""o !#n!a"! a" onu" ar! on#!r! #ra!;u an*or #99ora a ouon"#"u"! a roun ;or #9#a. or! #9/or"an"y, a #n "! a# a9#n#"ra"#$! a!,"! #n"an" a! #n$o$! an !9/oy!!& !ur#"y o; "!nur! "# a! #<!#! on!rn!9/oy9!n", # # no" 9!r!y a /!#! o; /ro/!r"y r#", u" ao "! 9!an y #"! !9/oy!! an "o! o !/!n on #9 #$!.>5anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

%" !ar "r!#n "a" "! r#" o; an !9/oy!! "o !ur#"y o; "!nur! # /ro"!"! y "!

Con"#"u"#on. !r;un"or#y, a r!uar !9/oy!! 9ay no" ! #9#! un! ;or au!/ro$#! un!r "! Laor Co! an o"!r r!!$an" a, #n "# a!, "! 1??2 RS. A "a"! ao$!, !n "! a r!;!r "o 9ora#"y, #" n!!ar#y /!r"a#n "o /u# an!uar 9ora#"y an no" r!##ou 9ora#"y. Tu, "! /ror#/"#on aa#n" #ra!;u or#99ora onu"D un!r S!"#on ?>3!4 o; "! 1??2 RS, # # 9a! a a au! ;or#9#a, 9u" n!!ar#y r!;!r "o /u# an !uar 9ora#"y. Aor#ny, #n or!r ;ora onu" "o ! on#!r! a #ra!;u or #99ora, #" 9u" ! K!"r#9!n"a 3oran!rou4 "o "o! on#"#on u/on # !/!n "! !:#"!n! an /ror! o;



u9an o#!"y& an no" !au! "! onu" # /ror#! y "! !#!; o; on! r!##onor "! o"!r.D

Tu, #n Santos v. !RC ,>6 "! Cour" u/! "! #9#a o; a "!a!r o a an!:"ra-9ar#"a a;;a#r #" # o-"!a!r, o # #<!#! 9arr#!, on "! roun o;

#ra!;u an #99ora onu" un!r S!"#on ?>3!4 o; "! 1??2 RS. T! Cour"/o#n"! ou" "a" !:"ra-9ar#"a a;;a#r # on#!r! a a #ra!;u an #99ora onu"# an a;ron" "o "! an"#"y o; 9arr#a!, # # a a# #n"#"u"#on o;o#!"y, viz Fanro!$#r"uaa#rary

'! anno" o$!r!9/a#! "a" a$#n an !:"ra-9ar#"a a;;a#r # an a;ron" "o "! an"#"yo; 9arr#a!, # # a a# #n"#"u"#on o; o#!"y. E$!n our @a9#y Co! /ro$#! "a"uan an #;! 9u" #$! "o!"!r, o!r$! 9u"ua o$!, r!/!" an ;#!#"y. T# #roo"! #n "! ;a" "a" o" our Con"#"u"#on an our a !r# "! $a##"y o; 9arr#a!an un#"y o; "! ;a9#y. Our a, #n #9/!9!n"#n "# on"#"u"#ona !#" on 9arr#a!an "! ;a9#y un!ror! "!#r /!r9an!n!, #n$#oa##"y an o#ar#"y.>7

The petitioner’s pregnancy out ofwedloc$ is not a disgraceful or immoralconduct since she and the father of her child have no impediment to marry eachother.

%n "ar< on"ra" "o Santos, "! Cour" o! no" ;#n any #ru9"an! #n "# a! #ou !a "! Cour" "o onu! "a" "! /!"#"#on!r o99#""! a #ra!;u or #99oraonu". %" !ar "r!#n "a" "! /!"#"#on!r an !r oy;r#!n, a" "! "#9! "!yon!#$! a #, a no !a #9/!#9!n" "o 9arry. %n!!, !$!n /r#or "o !r#9#a, "! /!"#"#on!r 9arr#! !r oy;r#!n, "! ;a"!r o; !r #. A "! Cour" !#n Radam, "!r! # no a # /!na#! an un9arr#! 9o"!r y r!aon o; !r !:uaonu" or /ror#! "! on!nua !:ua a"#$#"y !"!!n "o un9arr#! /!ron"a" n!#"!r o! u #"ua"#on on"ra$!n! any ;una9!n"a "a"! /o#y !nr#n! #n"! Con"#"u"#on.

A9#""!y, "! /!"#"#on!r # !9/oy! #n an !ua"#ona #n"#"u"#on !r! "! "!a#nan o"r#n! o; "! Ca"o# Cur, #nu#n "a" on /r!-9ar#"a !:ua r!a"#on, #"r#"y u/! an "au" "o "! "u!n". Ta" !r #n#r!"#on, # r!u"! #n !r/r!nany ou" o; !o<, # ana"!9a "o "! o"r#n! o; "! Ca"o# Cur.Ho!$!r, $#!! aa#n" "! /r!$a##n nor9 o; onu", "! /!"#"#on!r& onu"anno" ! on#!r! a #ra!;u or #99ora u onu" # no" !noun! y/u# an !uar 9ora#"y. %" 9ay ! an unuua arran!9!n", u" #" !r"a#ny # no"#ra!;u or #99ora #"#n "! on"!9/a"#on o; "! a.

To "r!, /r!-9ar#"a !:ua r!a"#on !"!!n "o on!n"#n au" o a$! no#9/!#9!n" "o 9arry !a o"!r, an, on!=u!n"y, on!#$#n a # ou" o; !o<,au! ;ro9 a /ur!y /u# an !uar $#! o; 9ora#"y, o! no" a9oun" "o a#ra!;u or #99ora onu" un!r S!"#on ?>3!4 o; "! 1??2 RS.



Aor#ny, "! aor "r#una !rr! #n u/o#n "! $a##"y o; "! /!"#"#on!r&#9#a. T! aor "r#una ar#"rar#y r!#! o!y on "! #ru9"an! urroun#n"! /!"#"#on!r& /r!nany an #" u//o! !;;!" on SSC' an #" "u!n" #"ou"!$aua"#n !"!r "! /!"#"#on!r& onu" # #n!! on#!r! #ra!;u or #99ora#n $#! o; "! /r!$a##n nor9 o; onu". %n "# r!ar, "! aor "r#una& r!/!"#$!

a/aar !$aua"#on o; "! !$#!n! a9oun" "o ra$! au! o; #r!"#on, # "!Cour" # r!"#;y.

T! aor "r#una& ;#n#n "a" "! /!"#"#on!r& /r!nany ou" o; !o< !/#"! "!a!n! o; u"an"#a !$#!n! # no" ony ar#"rary, u" a ra$! au! o; #r!"#on,# ou a$! !!n !" r#" y "! CA.

There is no substantial evidence to prove that the petitioner’s pregnancy out of wedloc$ caused grave scandal to %%C&and its students.

SSC' a#9! "a" "! /!"#"#on!r a /r#9ar#y #9#! !au! !r /r!nany ou"o; !o< au! ra$! ana "o SSC' an #" "u!n". Ta" "! ana rou"aou" y "! /!"#"#on!r& #n#r!"#on /ro9/"! "!9 "o #9# !r. T! LA u/! "!r!/on!n"& a#9, "a"#n "a"Fanro!$#r"uaa#rary

%n "# /ar"#uar a!, an oB!"#$!D an ra"#ona !$aua"#onD o; "! ;a" an#ru9"an! o"a#n#n #n "# a! ou !a u "o ;ou our a""!n"#on : :: on -)*4a- o -)* a- o--* 3y -)* o4/anan-. T! a" o; "! o9/a#nan" :::*ro* -)* ora/ 4rn4/* 3*n -au)- an 4ro*-*F 3y -)* r*4on*n-CFa-)o/ )oo/ -o -)*r youn /ay -u*n- .>8 3E9/a# #n "! or##na4

On "! o"!r an, "! NLRC o/#n! "a"Fanro!$#r"uaa#rary

%n "! #n"an" a!, !n "! o9/a#nan"-a//!an" a ar!ay on!#$#n a #!$!n !;or! ! o" 9arr#!, u # on#!r! a a9!;u an anaou !a$#or,#n#9#a "o /u# !;ar! an /o#y. I- *ro* -)* ora/ o-rn* 9)) -)*r*4on*n- Ca-)o/ )oo/, an *</u:* )oo/ or r/, -*a)n -)* younr/. T)u, 9)*n -)* r*4on*n-a44*//** )oo/ -*rna-* o4/anan-a44*//an-" *r:*, - 9a a :a/ *<*r* o - ana**n- 4r*roa-:* .'!"!r or no" ! a a "!a!r # o; no 9o9!n". T!r! # no !/ara"! !" o; ru! ;or non-"!a#n /!ronn!. R!/on!n"-a//!!! u/o "! "!a#n o; "! Ca"o#Cur on /r!-9ar#"a !: an "a" "! o9/a#nan"-a//!an" a an !9/oy!! o; "!

oo a !:/!"! "o a#! y "# a# /r#n#/! an "o #$! u/ #" "! "anar o;"!#r /ur!y Ca"o# $au!. H!r u!=u!n" 9arr#a! # no" "a<! aay "! ;a" "a"! a !na! #n /r!-9ar#"a !: # "! r!/on!n"-a//!!! oo !noun!a "! a9! # o//o! "o "! "!a#n an o"r#n! #" !/ou!. >? 3E9/a# our4

Con"rary "o "! aor "r#una& !ara"#on, "! Cour" ;#n "a" SSC' ;a#! "o au!u"an"#a !$#!n! "o /ro$! "a" "! /!"#"#on!r& #n#r!"#on #n!! au! ra$!ana "o SSC' an #" "u!n". O"!r "an "! SSC'& ar! a!a"#on, "! r!or



ar! !r!;" o; any !$#!n! "a" ou on$#n#ny /ro$! "a" "! /!"#"#on!r& onu"#n!! a$!r!y a;;!"! SSC'& #n"!r#"y #n "!a#n "! 9ora o"r#n!, # #""an ;or. T! /!"#"#on!r # ony a non-"!a#n /!ronn! !r #n"!ra"#on #" SSC'&"u!n" # $!ry #9#"!. %" # "u =u#"! #9/o#! "a" !r /r!nany ou" o; !o<au! u a ra$! ana, a a#9! y SSC', a "o arran" !r #9#a.

S!""! # "! ru! "a" #n "!r9#na"#on a!, "! ur!n o; /ro$#n "a" "! #9#a o;"! !9/oy!! a ;or a $a# an au"or#! au! r!" on "! !9/oy!r. %" ##nu9!n" u/on "! !9/oy!r "o o y u"an"#a !$#!n! "a" "! "!r9#na"#on o;"! !9/oy9!n" o; "! !9/oy!! a $a#y 9a! an ;a#ur! "o #ar! "a" u"you 9!an "a" "! #9#a # no" Bu"#;#! an "!r!;or! #!a.50 Su"an"#a!$#!n! # 9or! "an a 9!r! #n"#a o; !$#!n!. %" 9!an u r!!$an" !$#!n! aa r!aona! 9#n 9#" a!/" a a!=ua"! "o u//or" a onu#on, !$!n #; o"!r9#n !=uay r!aona! 9#" on!#$ay o/#n!o"!r#!.D51anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

%nu#"ay, ar! a!a"#on o no" a9oun" "o u"an"#a !$#!n!. Con#!r#n "a""! r!/on!n" ;a#! "o au! u"an"#a !$#!n! "o /ro$! "!#r a!r"! au! ;or"! /!"#"#on!r& #9#a, "! aor "r#una ou no" a$! u/! "!#r a!a"#onoo<, #n! an #n<!r. T! aor "r#una& r!/!"#$! ;#n#n, # !r! arr#$!a" sans any u"an"#a !$#!n!, a9oun" "o a ra$! au! o; #r!"#on, # "! CAou a$! r!"#;#!. S!ur#"y o; "!nur! # a r#" # 9ay no" ! !n#! on 9!r!/!ua"#on o; any un!ar an n!uou a#.D52anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

The petitioner’s dismissal is not avalid e'ercise of %%C&’s management

prerogative.

T! CA !aor! "! 9ana!9!n" /r!roa"#$! o; SSC' "o ##/#n! #" !9/oy!!.T! CA o/#n! "a" "! /!"#"#on!r& #9#a # a $a# !:!r#! o; 9ana!9!n"/r!roa"#$! "o #9/o! /!na"#! on !rr#n !9/oy!! /uruan" "o #" /o##!, ru! anr!ua"#on.

T! Cour" o! no" ar!!.

T! Cour" a ! "a" 9ana!9!n" # ;r!! "o r!ua"!, aor#n "o #" on #r!"#onan Bu9!n", a a/!" o; !9/oy9!n", #nu#n #r#n, or< a#n9!n", or<#n9!"o, "#9!, /a! an 9ann!r o; or<, /ro!! "o ! ;oo!, u/!r$##on o;or<!r, or<#n r!ua"#on, "ran;!r o; !9/oy!!, or< u/!r$##on, ay o;; o; or<!ran ##/#n!, #9#a an r!a o; or<!r. T! !:!r#! o; 9ana!9!n"/r!roa"#$!, o!$!r, # no" aou"! a #" 9u" ! !:!r#! #n oo ;a#" an #" u!r!ar "o "! r#" o; aor.D ana!9!n" anno" !:!r#! #" /r!roa"#$! #n a ru!,r!/r!#$!, or !/o"# 9ann!r.5anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

SSC', a !9/oy!r, un!n#ay a "! r#" "o ##/#n! #" !9/oy!! an, #; n!!!, #9# "!9 #; "!r! # a $a# au! "o o o. Ho!$!r, a ar!ay !:/a#n!, "!r!



# no au! "o #9# "! /!"#"#on!r. H!r onu" # no" on#!r! y a a#ra!;u or #99ora. @ur"!r, "! r!/on!n" "!9!$! a$! a9#""! "a" SSC',a" "! "#9! o; "! on"ro$!ry, o! no" a$! any /o#y or ru! aa#n" an !9/oy!!o !na! #n /r!-9ar#"a !:ua r!a"#on an on!#$! a # a a r!u" "!r!o;.T!r! !#n no $a# a# #n a or !$!n #n SSC'& /o#y an ru!, SSC'&

#9#a o; "! /!"#"#on!r # !/o"# an ar#"rary an, "u, no" a $a# !:!r#! o;9ana!9!n" /r!roa"#$!.

%n u9, "! Cour" ;#n "a" "! /!"#"#on!r a #!ay #9#! a "!r! a no Bu"au! ;or "! "!r9#na"#on o; !r !9/oy9!n". SSC' ;a#! "o au! u"an"#a!$#!n! "o !"a# "a" "! /!"#"#on!r& onu", i.e., !na#n #n /r!-9ar#"a !:uar!a"#on an on!#$#n a # ou" o; !o<, a!! #n #" o; "! /r!$a##n nor9o; onu", # on#!r! #ra!;u or #99ora. T! aor "r#una ra$!y au!"!#r #r!"#on #n u/o#n "! $a##"y o; "! /!"#"#on!r& #9#a a "! ar!aa#n" "! /!"#"#on!r ay no" on u"an"#a !$#!n!, u" on "! ar! a!a"#on o;SSC'. %n "urn, "! CA o99#""! r!$!r#! !rror #n u/o#n "! $a##"y o; "!

/!"#"#on!r& #9#a, ;a##n "o r!on#! "a" "! aor "r#una ra$!y au! "!#r#r!"#on #n ru#n ;or "! r!/on!n".

The petitioner is entitled toseparation pay# in lieu of actualreinstatement# full bac$wages andattorney’s fees# but not to moraland e'emplary damages.

Ha$#n !"a#! "a" "! /!"#"#on!r a #!ay #9#!, "! Cour" no !"!r9#n!"! r!#!; "a" ! # !n"#"! "o an "!#r !:"!n". Un!r "! a an /r!$a##n

Bur#/ru!n!, an #!ay #9#! !9/oy!! # !n"#"! "o r!#n"a"!9!n" a a 9a""!ro; r#".D5> A#! ;ro9 "! #n"an! /ro$#! un!r Ar"#! 2855 an 28>56 o; "! Laor Co!, !/ara"#on /ay #, o!$!r, ran"! !n r!#n"a"!9!n" # no on!r ;!a#!!au! o; "ra#n! r!a"#on !"!!n "! !9/oy!r an "! !9/oy!!. %n a! o;#!a #9#a, "! a!/"! o"r#n! # "a" !/ara"#on /ay # a$a#a! #n #!u o;r!#n"a"!9!n" !n "! a""!r r!our! # no on!r /ra"#a or #n "! !" #n"!r!" o; "!/ar"#!.57anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

%n "ivine #ord $i%h School v. !RC ,58 "! Cour" or!r! "! !9/oy!r Ca"o# oo"o /ay "! #!ay #9#! # oo "!a!r !/ara"#on /ay #n #!u o; a"uar!#n"a"!9!n" #n! !r on"#nu! /r!!n! a a "!a!r #n "! oo 9ay ! ! 9!"#" an"#/a"y an an"aon#9 y o9! !"or #n "! ooo99un#"y.D5?anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

%n $#! o; "! /ar"#uar #ru9"an! o; "# a!, #" ou ! 9or! /ru!n" "o #r!"SSC' "o /ay "! /!"#"#on!r !/ara"#on /ay #n #!u o; a"ua r!#n"a"!9!n". T!on"#nu! !9/oy9!n" o; "! /!"#"#on!r #" SSC' ou ony !r$! "o #n"!n#;y "!a"9o/!r! o; an"#/a"y an an"aon#9 !"!!n "! /ar"#!. Con!=u!n"y, "! Cour"aar !/ara"#on /ay "o "! /!"#"#on!r !=u#$a!n" "o on! 314 9on" /ay ;or !$!ry y!ar



o; !r$#!, #" a ;ra"#on o; a" !a" #: 364 9on" on#!r! a on! 314 o! y!ar,;ro9 "! "#9! o; !r #!a #9#a u/ "o "! ;#na#"y o; "# Bu9!n", a an a"!rna"#$!"o r!#n"a"!9!n".

Ao, !9/oy!! o ar! #!ay #9#! ar! !n"#"! "o ;u a<a!, #nu#$! o;

aoan! an o"!r !n!;#" or "!#r 9on!"ary !=u#$a!n", o9/u"! ;ro9 "! "#9!"!#r a"ua o9/!na"#on a #"! ;ro9 "!9 u/ "o "! "#9! o; "!#r a"uar!#n"a"!9!n" u" #; r!#n"a"!9!n" # no on!r /o#!, "! a<a! a !o9/u"! ;ro9 "! "#9! o; "!#r #!a "!r9#na"#on u/ "o "! ;#na#"y o; "!!##on.D60 Aor#ny, "! /!"#"#on!r # !n"#"! "o an aar o; ;u a<a! ;ro9 "!"#9! ! a #!ay #9#! u/ "o "! ;#na#"y o; "# !##on.

N!$!r"!!, "! /!"#"#on!r # no" !n"#"! "o 9ora an !:!9/ary a9a!. A#9#! !9/oy!! # !n"#"! "o 9ora a9a! !n "! #9#a # a""!n! ya ;a#" or ;rau or on"#"u"! an a" o//r!#$! "o aor, or # on! #n a 9ann!ron"rary "o oo 9ora, oo u"o9 or /u# /o#y. E:!9/ary a9a! 9ay !

aar! #; "! #9#a # !;;!"! #n a an"on, o//r!#$! or 9a!$o!n"9ann!r.D61anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

a ;a#", un!r "! a, o! no" #9/y onno"! a Bu9!n" or n!#!n!. %"#9/or" a #on!" /ur/o! or o9! 9ora o#=u#"y an on#ou o#n o; a ron, or a r!a o; a <non u"y "rou o9! 9o"#$! or #n"!r!" or # # "a" /ar"a<! o; "!na"ur! o; ;rau.D62anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

%" 9u" ! no"! "a" "! ur!n o; /ro$#n a ;a#" r!" on "! on! a!#n #"D 6 #n!a# # "! /r#n#/! "a" oo ;a#" # /r!u9! an ! o a!! a ;a#" a "!u"y "o /ro$! "! a9!.6> Alle%ations of &ad faith and fraud must &e proved &y clearand convincin% evidence

.D

65

anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

T! r!or o; "# a! ar! !r!;" o; any !ar an on$#n#n !$#!n! o#n "a""! r!/on!n" a"! #n a ;a#" or #n a an"on or ;rauu!n" 9ann!r #n #9##n "!/!"#"#on!r. Ta" "! /!"#"#on!r a #!ay #9#! # #nu;;##!n" "o /ro$! a ;a#". A#9#a 9ay ! on"rary "o a u" y #"!; aon!, #" o! no" !"a# a ;a#" "o!n"#"! "! #9#! !9/oy!! "o 9ora a9a!. T! aar o; 9ora an !:!9/arya9a! anno" ! Bu"#;#! o!y u/on "! /r!9#! "a" "! !9/oy!r #9#! #!9/oy!! #"ou" au!.66anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

Ho!$!r, "! /!"#"#on!r # !n"#"! "o a""orn!y& ;!! #n "! a9oun" o; 10 o; "! "o"a9on!"ary aar /uruan" "o Ar"#! 11167 o; "! Laor Co!. %" # !""! "a" !r! an!9/oy!! a ;or! "o #"#a"! an, "u, #nur !:/!n! "o /ro"!" # r#" an#n"!r!", "! aar o; a""orn!y& ;!! # !ay an 9oray

Bu"#;#a!.D68anRo!$#r"uaLa#rary

@#nay, !a #n"!r!" a ! #9/o! on "! 9on!"ary aar !r!#n ran"! a" "!ra"! o; #: /!r!n" 364 per annum ;ro9 "! ;#na#"y o; "# Bu9!n" un"# ;uy/a#.6?anRo!$#r"uaLa#raryanro!a



#HERE+ORE, #n on#!ra"#on o; "! ;or!o#n #=u##"#on, "! /!"#"#on# GRNTED. T! )!##on a"! S!/"!9!r 2>, 2008 an R!ou"#on a"! ar 2,200? o; "! Cour" o; A//!a #n CA-G.R. S No. 100188 ar!!r!y REVERSED an SET SIDE.

T! r!/on!n", S". Soa"#a& Co!! '!"ro$!, # !r!y !ar! u#"y o; #!a#9#a an # !r!y ORDERED "o /ay "! /!"#"#on!r, C!ry San"o L!u, "!;oo#nF 3a4 !/ara"#on /ay #n #!u o; a"ua r!#n"a"!9!n" !=u#$a!n" "o on! 314 9on"/ay ;or !$!ry y!ar o; !r$#!, #" a ;ra"#on o; a" !a" #: 364 9on" on#!r! a on!314 o! y!ar ;ro9 "! "#9! o; !r #9#a u/ "o "! ;#na#"y o; "# )!##on 34 ;ua<a! ;ro9 "! "#9! o; !r #!a #9#a u/ "o "! ;#na#"y o; "# )!##on an34 a""orn!y& ;!! !=u#$a!n" "o "!n /!r!n" 3104 o; "! "o"a 9on!"ary aar. T!9on!"ary aar !r!#n ran"! a !arn !a #n"!r!" a" "! ra"! o; #: /!r!n"364 per annum ;ro9 "! a"! o; "! ;#na#"y o; "# )!##on un"# ;uy /a#. T! a!# RE&NDED "o "! Laor Ar#"!r ;or "! o9/u"a"#on o; /!"#"#on!r& 9on!"ary aar.

SO ORDERED.raaa#rary

'elasco, (r., )Chairperson*, Peralta, 'illarama, (r., an (ardeleza, ((., onur.

(ndnotes(

1 !nn! y Ao#a"! Ju"#! or"#a A#Mo-Hor9au!o, #" Ao#a"! Ju"#!Ha<#9 S. Aua# an T!r!#"a)y-L#ao @or!, onurr#n rollo, //. 1>8-156.

2 %. a" 170-170A.

!nn! y Co99##on!r T#"o @. G!n#o, #" r!##n Co99##on!r Lour! C.Ja$#!r an Co99##on!r Gr!or#o O. #o %%%, onurr#n #. a" 125-11.

> %. a" 1>6-1>7.

5 %. a" 76.

6 %. a" 77.

7 %. a" 78.

8 %. a" 7?.

? %. a" 80.

10 %.

11 %. a" 8>-85.



12 %. a" 82.

1 %. a" 8.

1>

%. a" 60-7.15 %. a" 86-?>.

16 R!n!r! y LA )anna . Ca"#on #. a" 10>-110.

17 %. a" 108.

18 %. a" 111-12>.

1? %. a" 125-11.

20 %. a" 1-1>5.

21 %. a" 1>6-1>7.

22 %. a" 5-58.

2 %. a" 1>8-156.

2> %. a" 15.

25

%. a" 15-155.26 %. a" 157-16?.

27 %. a" 170-170A.

28 Ayala !and, +nc. v. Castillo, G.R. No. 178110, Jun! 15, 2011, 652 SCRA 1>, 158.

2? S!. 70. Rule-main% Authority - T! #n#"!r Eua"#on, Cu"ur! an S/or" ar!#" "! a9#n#"ra"#on an !n;or!9!n" o; "# A", a /ro9ua"! "! n!!ary#9/!9!n"#n ru! an r!ua"#on.

0 S!. 57. unctions and Poers of the /inistry - T! #n#"ry aF

: :::

. ro9ua"! ru! an r!ua"#on n!!ary ;or "! a9#n#"ra"#on, u/!r$##on anr!ua"#on o; "! !ua"#ona y"!9 #n aoran! #" !ar! /o#y



: :::

1 S!. o; 22.

2 S!. 6?. Administrative Sanction - T! #n#"!r o; Eua"#on, Cu"ur! an S/or" 9ay

/r!r#! an #9/o! u a9#n#"ra"#$! an"#on a ! 9ay !!9 r!aona! ana//ro/r#a"! #n "! #9/!9!n"#n ru! an r!ua"#on /ro9ua"! /uruan" "o "# A";or any o; "! ;oo#n au!F

: :::

2. Gro #n!;;##!ny o; "! "!a#n or non-"!a#n /!ronn!

: :::

/ontoya v. 0ransmed /anila Corp.1/r.Ellena, !" a., 61 #. 6?6, 707 3200?4.

>(inalinan 0echnical School, +nc. v. !RC )ourth "iv.*, 50 #. 77, 82 320064.

5 S!! 23S 0ransport Corporation v. +nfante, 55? #. 701, 70? 320074.

6 S!! Conurr#n an )#!n"#n O/#n#on, r#on, J., +C Shipmana%ement, +nc. v./oradas, G.R. No. 17856>, January 15, 201>, 71 SCRA >75, >??-500 /aralit v. P4,61 #. 270, 288-28? 3200?4.

7 G.R. No. >?5>?, Auu" 0, 1??0, 18? SCRA 117.

8

%. a" 12>.? >55 #. >11 32004.

>0 %. a" 587-588.

>1 %. a" 5?1.

>2 %. a" 588-5?0.

> 565 #. 21 320074.

>> %. a" 27-28.

>5 %. a" 2?.

>6 50 #. 560 31??84.

>7 %. a" 56?.



>8Rollo, /. 107.

>? %. a" 12?-10.

50

Seven Star 0e5tile Company v. "y, 5>1 #. >68, >7? 320074.51 $on. 6m&udsman /arcelo v. 4un%u&un% , !" a., 575 #. 58, 556 320084,#"#n/ontemayor v. 4undalian, >5 #. 158, 167 32004.

52Escareal v. ational !a&or Relations Commission, G.R. No. ??5?, S!/"!9!r 2,1??2, 21 SCRA >72, >8?.

5 S!! Andrada v. ational !a&or Relations Commission, 565 #. 821, 8? 320074.

5>Qui7ano v. /ercury "ru% Corporation, 5> #. 112, 121 31??84.

55 Ar"#! 28. Cour! o; !"a#9!n" an r!u"#on o; /!ronn!. T! !9/oy!r 9ayao "!r9#na"! "! !9/oy9!n" o; any !9/oy!! u! "o "! #n"aa"#on o; aor-a$#n!$#!, r!unany, r!"r!n9!n" "o /r!$!n" o! or "! o#n or !a"#on o;o/!ra"#on o; "! !"a#9!n" or un!r"a<#n un! "! o#n # ;or "! /ur/o! o;#ru9$!n"#n "! /ro$##on o; "# T#"!, y !r$#n a r#""!n no"#! on "! or<!r an"! #n#"ry o; Laor an E9/oy9!n" a" !a" on! 314 9on" !;or! "! #n"!n! a"!"!r!o;. %n a! o; "!r9#na"#on u! "o "! #n"aa"#on o; aor-a$#n !$#! orr!unany, "! or<!r a;;!"! "!r!y a ! !n"#"! "o a !/ara"#on /ay !=u#$a!n""o a" !a" # on! 314 9on" /ay or "o a" !a" on! 314 9on" /ay ;or !$!ry y!ar o;!r$#!, #!$!r # #!r. %n a! o; r!"r!n9!n" "o /r!$!n" o! an #n a! o;

our! or !a"#on o; o/!ra"#on o; !"a#9!n" or un!r"a<#n no" u! "o !r#ouu#n! o! or ;#nan#a r!$!r!, "! !/ara"#on /ay a ! !=u#$a!n" "o on! 3149on" /ay or a" !a" on!-a; 31*24 9on" /ay ;or !$!ry y!ar o; !r$#!, #!$!r ##!r. A ;ra"#on o; a" !a" #: 364 9on" a ! on#!r! on! 314 o! y!ar.

56 Ar"#! 28>. )#!a! a roun ;or "!r9#na"#on. An !9/oy!r 9ay "!r9#na"! "!!r$#! o; an !9/oy!! o a !!n ;oun "o ! u;;!r#n ;ro9 any #!a! ano! on"#nu! !9/oy9!n" # /ro##"! y a or # /r!Bu##a "o # !a" a !a "o "! !a" o; # o-!9/oy!!F Provided , Ta" ! # /a# !/ara"#on /ay!=u#$a!n" "o a" !a" on! 314 9on" aary or "o on!-a; 31*24 9on" aary ;or !$!ryy!ar o; !r$#!, #!$!r # r!a"!r, a ;ra"#on o; a" !a" #: 364 9on" !#non#!r! a on! 314 o! y!ar.

57 !eopard Security and +nvesti%ation A%ency v. Quitoy, G.R. No. 186>>, @!ruary 20,201, 6?1 SCRA >>0, >50->51.

58 227 #. 22 31?864.

5? %. a" 26.



60 Coca-Cola 4ottlers Phils., +nc. v. del 'illar, 6>6 #. 587, 615 320104.

61 Quadra v. Court of Appeals, 52? #. 218, 22-22> 320064.

62

azareno, et al. v. City of "uma%uete, 607 #. 768, 80> 3200?4.68nited Claimants Association of EA )8+CA* v. ational Electrification

Administration )EA*, G.R. No. 187107, January 1, 2012, 66> SCRA >8, >?>.

6>Culili v. Eastern 0elecommunications Philippines, +nc., G.R. No. 16581, @!ruary ?,2011, 6>2 SCRA 8, 61.

65Palada v. Solid&an Corporation, G.R. No. 172227, Jun! 2?, 2011, 65 SCRA 10, 11.

66 S!! !am&ert Pan&roers and (eelry Corporation v. 4inamira, G.R. No. 170>6>,

Juy 12, 2010, 62> SCRA 705, 720.67 Ar". 111. A""orn!y& @!!.

3a4 %n a! o; una;u #"o#n o; a!, "! u/a! /ar"y 9ay ! a!!a""orn!y& ;!! !=u#$a!n" "o "!n /!r!n" o; "! a9oun" o; a! r!o$!r!.

34 %" a ! una;u ;or any /!ron "o !9an or a!/", #n any Bu##a ora9#n#"ra"#$! /ro!!#n ;or "! r!o$!ry o; a!, a""orn!y& ;!! # !:!! "!n/!r!n" o; "! a9oun" o; a! r!o$!r!.

68!am&ert Pan&roers and (eelry Corporation v. 4inamira, u/ra no"! 65, a" 721.

6? S!! 2arza v. Coca-Cola 4ottlers Philippines, +nc ., G.R. No. 180?72, January 20,201>, 71> SCRA 251, 27>-275 acar v. 2allery rames, G.R. No. 18?871, Auu" 1,201, 70 SCRA >?, >58.

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