level 4 session 1 2006 written paper

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LABEL

Instructions to CandidatesYour details:Step 1: Write your name and signature in the space provided at the top right corner of the page.Step 2: - If you have been given a label containing your details then stick it carefully in the box at

the top left corner of the page. - If you have not been given a label then write your centre number and your candidate

number in the box at the top left corner of the page.

Use blue or black ink. Do not use pencil. Some tasks must be answered with a cross in a box ( ). Ifyou change your mind, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate your new choice with a cross( ). For Task 5 indicate which question you are answering by marking the box ( ).

Answer all questions in the spaces provided in this book.

Information for CandidatesThe marks for the various tasks are shown in round brackets: e.g. (15 marks).There are 5 tasks in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 100.There are 24 pages in this question paper. All blank pages are indicated.

Advice to CandidatesWrite your answers neatly.You should remove the perforated information sheets 1 and 2 (pages 9–12) to answer Task Three.You should remove the perforated information sheet 3 (pages 17–18) to answer Task Four.

Examiner’s use only

Team Leader’s use only

Question Leave Number Blank

Task 1

Task 2

Task 3a

Task 3b

Task 4a

Task 4b

Task 4c

Task 5

Total

Surname Initial(s)

Signature

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Centre

No.

Candidate

No.

Paper Reference(s)

4142/01 4064/01

London Tests of EnglishCertificate of Attainment

Level 4

Session One 2006

Time: 2 hours 30 minutes

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers

Cassette player Perforated information sheets

1 Cassette per 10 Candidates

This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with

Edexcel Limited copyright policy.

©2006 Edexcel Limited.

Printer’s Log. No.

N24910AW850/U4142/57570 3/5/6/6/6/


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Hello everybody. Today’s test is the London Tests of English Level 4. The theme of this

test is Transport Today. This test lasts two hours and thirty minutes. There are five tasks.

Tasks One and Two are listening. You must listen to the tape and write your answers in

the booklet. Good luck!

1. Task One: Speed Cameras (15 marks)

You are doing a research project on transport issues. You hear part of a radio programme

in which three people are discussing the use of speed cameras on roads in Britain to

increase safety. Speed cameras take photographs of the number plates of vehicles which

are breaking the speed limit.

Listen to the discussion and read the statements below. For each statement, put a cross ( )

in the box if the speaker expresses the views stated. Sometimes more than one box will

need a cross. The first statement is an example.

You will hear the discussion twice. Do as much as you can the first time and complete yourwork the second time.

You have one minute to look at the statements.

Julia David Alan

Example:

Speed cameras are only effective on

certain types of road.

1. The government receives money from

speeding fines.

2. Speed cameras help to reduce taxes.

3. Dangerous roads should have speed

cameras.

4. We should listen to communities worried

about speed.

5. Speed contributes in some way to over

15% of accidents. Q1

(Total 15 marks)


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2. Task Two: Cutting Fuel Consumption (15 marks)

You now hear a talk on a radio consumer programme on cutting petrol consumption incars. Listen to the talk and complete the notes below. Try to write no more than threewords. The first one is an example.

You will hear the talk twice. Do as much as you can the first time and finish your work

the second time.You have one minute to look at the notes.

That is the end of the listening tasks. The other tasks test your reading and writing ofEnglish. Now go on to Task Three.

Example: Most people want to cut fuel consumption because its .........................

Radical solutions:

• hybrid cars - use combined 1) ...................................................... and

...................................................... power• fuel-cell cars - not yet available• smaller engines e.g. small lightweight 2) .......................................................• plastic bodied microcars

More efficient driving:

• Smoother driving - avoid sudden 3) .......................................................

and .......................................................

- anticipate traffic movement

• Regular servicing - spend enough money on maintenance

• Reduce the cars 4) ....................................................... and improve theaerodynamics

- clear out the boot and interior - remove roof racks/trailers when not in use

- close windows to reduce 5) .............................................. and fuel consumption - remove large aerials and decorations

• Check tyre pressures - low pressure affects fuel efficiency and

6) .......................................................

• Switch off when stopped for 7) ...................................................... - switching off

and restarting saves fuel• Use the highest gear possible - 3rd gear uses 8) .......................................... more

fuel than 5th gear at 60kph

• Calculate your consumption, dont necessarily rely on

9) .......................................................

• Plan your journey - you spend 20% of time getting lost on 10) ....................................................... and

350,000 tonnes of fuel driving the wrong way

cheaper

Q2

(Total 15 marks)


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3. Task Three: Congestion Charging

As part of your research, you become interested in how cities deal with traffic congestion.

You find information about London’s solution to the problem in a number of articles in the

library.

Three (a): Reading (10 marks)

Read the article on Perforated Information Sheet 1 for Task Three (a) and complete the

task below.

Below are opening sentences 1–5 which have been removed from six of the paragraphs

A–H in the article. Match each opening sentence with the correct paragraph by putting a

cross ( ) in the appropriate box. Look at the example to see what you have to do.

Be careful! There are more paragraphs than sentences.

A B C D E F G H

Example: The congestion charge has led to a

33% increase in cycling inside the zone.

1 Contrary to some predictions, public

transport has coped with ease and bus

services have improved. Around 29,000

additional passengers are entering the

zone on 560 extra bus services in peak

periods.

2 Critics of congestion charging always

claimed that for people in low paid

occupations who have to use cars if they

work unsocial hours, the charge would

amount to an additional tax.

3 Reduction of traffic and congestion was

the main aim of the scheme. Before the

charge was introduced, it was predicted

that traffic would fall by 10–15% andcongestion by 20–30%.

4 When congestion charging was introduced

in London in February 2003 the chaos

and disaster predicted by its opponents

did not happen.

5 While all businesses are now benefiting

from shorter and more reliable journey

times, saving staff and vehicle costs,

evidence of the wider economic impact of

congestion charging remains somewhatmixed.

Q3(a)

(Total Q3(a) 10 marks)


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Task Three (b): Writing (20 marks)

You receive this email from the editor of your college magazine.

Use only information on Perforated Information Sheet 1 for Task Three (a) and Perforated

Information Sheet 2 for Task Three (b) to write the article, covering all the aspects above.

Write 180 – 200 words. Use your own words as much as possible.

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Hi

We’re running a special edition on transport and the environment next month. Your tutor’s

told me that you’ve been researching London’s congestion charging scheme and I was

wondering if you’d like to contribute an article on it.

The article should cover:

• why it was introduced and when• how it operates, its costs and penalties, etc• opposition to the scheme• how effective the scheme is

Thanks


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(Total Q3(b) 20 marks)


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May 2006, Level 4

PERFORATED INFORMATION SHEET 1 FOR TASK THREE (a)

WHAT IS THE CONGESTION CHARGE?

The congestion charge is an £8 daily chargeto drive in central London at certain times.Introduced in 2003, the charge is designedto reduce traffic congestion by encouraging

people to use public transport. The moneyraised is being used to improve transport inLondon.

A There was no civil disobedience, nogridlock on the ring road and, despite thetemporary closure of part of the undergroundsystem, no intolerable pressure on the public

transport system. Critics searched franticallyfor bad news but, finding none, quicklyfell silent. Congestion charging in centralLondon had been introduced almost withoutincident.

B Final assessment has shown that trafficentering the zone is 18 per cent down duringcharging hours, with a reduction in car trafficof 30 per cent and a reduction in congestionof the same amount. In all, 65,000 fewercar movements per day are being made intoor through the zone. Conditions in central

London have been transformed. Even onthe ring road where many people expectedadditional congestion, traffic has continuedto flow smoothly despite a 4 per centincrease in volume. There has been verylittle displacement onto other roads aroundthe boundary of the charging zone.

C Routes serving the zone now suffer 60 per cent less disruption caused by trafficdelays. Improvement has not been confinedto the zone. Delays to services on the inner

ring road have been halved, and acrossLondon as a whole the fall is about 40 percent. Average bus speeds have increased by7 per cent. There have been no reports ofadditional overcrowding on the Undergroundor overground rail network.

D There is no data on walking; this is agap in Transport for London’s monitoringarrangements. But the evidence suggests thatwalking conditions have improved since carand other traffic no longer chokes the roads.However, Transport for London has yet torecognise the importance of walking andallocate resources to it.

E While there may have been an unluckyfew in this category, the argument wasoverplayed. On the contrary, these peoplehave been among the scheme’s main

beneficiaries. Few of them own cars andeven fewer used them to drive to centralLondon. But they do overwhelmingly use

public transport, particularly the buses,which are better as result of congestioncharging.

F Public opinion before the introductionof charging was only very narrowly infavour. It has since become much more

positive. A 2004 survey found that 60 percent supported the charge and 32 per centremained opposed.

G London Chamber of Commerce surveyscontinue to find substantial numbers of retail

businesses concerned about the impact ofthe charge on their trade. However, there isno firm evidence of a link between reducedturnover and profitability on the one hand

and the congestion charge on the other, andit is likely that other factors, such as therecent economic downturn, have contributed.Transport for London says there has beenno measurable effect on total centralLondon retail sales. Other surveys show a

big majority of businesses in favour of thecharge.

H Many observers believe that in themedium term, when congestion charginghas settled down, a better environment willencourage people to spend more time and

money in central London. It will be thenthat retail, restaurant, cultural, entertainmentand other businesses that form an important

part of the central London economy will benefit substantially from the scheme.

Predictions that systems for the administrationand enforcement of the charge would breakdown have not been realized. In fact, overhalf a million congestion charge paymentsare being made each week; the paymentchannels (text messaging, retail, web and call

centre) are all working well; the cameras arecorrectly identifying cars entering the zone.About 40,000 penalty charge notices for non-

payment are being made each week.


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May 2006, Level 4

PERFORATED INFORMATION SHEET 2 FOR TASK THREE (b)

LONDON CONGESTION CHARGE – WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

Where is it? The congestion charging zone operates across 8 square miles in the centre ofLondon. The zone is bordered by the ‘Inner Ring Road’ and is clearly indicated by signs anda large C painted on the road.

How does it work? There are no barriers or toll booths on the boundary to the zone and youare not required to show any tickets or passes. The zone is monitored by cameras, which recordall vehicle number plates and determine whether the charge has been paid. They recognise

both British and European number plates.

How to pay The easiest way to pay is at Congestion Charge on the internet or by phoneon +44 (0) 20 7649 9122 - Minicom +44 (0) 20 7649 9123, using most credit or debitcards. MasterCard and Visa cards are accepted - American Express and Diners Club aren’t.You’ll need to provide your vehicle registration number, the date(s) you would like to pay the

charge for, and your credit/debit card details. You can also pay at special self-service machinesin major car parks, at selected petrol stations and at shops displaying the congestion chargingsign. Charges can be paid up to a year in advance.

Does everyone have to pay? Exemptions and discounts are available to certain categories ofdrivers, vehicles and individuals. They include disabled drivers, residents, drivers of alternativefuel vehicles, vehicles with 9 or more seats and accredited breakdown organisations.

What if it’s not my car? All visitors driving hire cars within the central zones must paythe charge. Failure to do so will result in the fine being levied upon the hire company. Hirecompanies can then contact the drivers.

Time of operation: 7.00 am to 6.30 pm Mon – FriDaily cost: £8

Penalty charges: payment before 22.00 on the day £0 payment between 22.00 and 24.00 on the day £2 payment within 14 days £50 payment within 15 to 28 days £100 payment after 28 days £150

Effects of congestion charging on numbers of vehicles per day driving into central London


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4. Task Four: New Responsibilities in the Area of the Urban Environment

You find an article on mobility in European cities. Read the article on Perforated

Information Sheet 3 for Task Four and complete the tasks that follow.

Task Four (a): (10 marks)

For each statement 1 – 10, put an ( ) in the appropriate box to indicate whether the

statement is True, False or Not Stated. Look at the example to see what you have to do.

Statement True False Not Stated

Example: Elected representatives can modify

national policy on mobility.

1. The majority of motorists think they

should be able to use their cars without

restriction.2. The number of road accidents is falling

sharply.

3. The problems caused by cars in urban areas

were largely unexpected.

4. 83% of French people would like a greater

role for public transport.

5. The Automobile Association is asking some

motorists to give up their cars in favour of

bicycles.

6. Car ownership in Arhus has stayed at

approximately the same level.

7. Bicycles are faster than cars on some

journeys over 5km.

8. Politicians and voters tend to disagree over

transport policy.

9. It is difficult to defeat well-organised

pressure groups.

10. Opposition to changes in transport policy in

Fribourg has declined.

Q4(a)

(Total Q4(a) 10 marks)

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Task Four (b): (4 marks)

What do the following highlighted words from the text refer to? The first one has been done

as an example.

Example: They (paragraph (i)) ......elected representatives.....

(a) they (paragraph (ii)) ................................................

(b) they (paragraph (vi)) ................................................

(c) it (paragraph (xi)) ................................................

(d) they (paragraph (xiii)) ................................................ Q4(b)

(Total Q4(b) 4 marks)

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Task Four (c): (6 marks)

Find words from the article which mean the same as each of the following. The first has been

done as an example.

Paragraph Meaning Word from text

(i) make easier Example: facilitate

(iii) excessive

(iv) without equal

(vi) results

(vii) encourage

(x) satisfy

(xiii) complete agreementQ4(c)

(Total Q4(c) 6 marks)

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London Tests of English

Certificate of Attainment

May 2006, Level 4

PERFORATED INFORMATION SHEET 3 FOR TASK 4

NEW RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE AREA OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

(i) Elected representatives are responsible for providing the inhabitants of their towns with a

healthy environment. They must also facilitate mobility to guarantee the right conditions

for companies, services and businesses to develop, and to ensure ready access to shops,

schools, public services, community facilities and jobs.

(ii) A number of motorists call for a ‘right to mobility’, which they often equate with a ‘right

to use their car no matter what the conditions’. The image of the car that they wish to

project is that of a ‘perfect and irreplaceable’ mode of transport. In practice, however, a

car does not fulfil all our needs. A fairly large number of urban households do not havea car and, even if they do, some members of the household may not have access to it or

may not hold a driving licence.

(iii) When viewed from the collective standpoint, the problems caused by the thoughtless use

of private cars are very serious. Cars are partly responsible for the misuse of urban space,

consume precious resources and are a burden on the environment. Pollution is not only a

threat to our historic heritage but also a health hazard through both atmospheric pollution

and noise. The cost in human and economic terms of road accidents is going down but

still remains exorbitant and is not generally recognised. In addition, the economic cost

of traffic jams has now reached critical proportions.

The car is the victim of its own success

(iv) The advantage of towns is that they offer an unparalleled range of choices through

accessibility to cultural, commercial, educational, service, social and political

infrastructures and facilities. But such accessibility must be the best possible for all

people, in a way which respects the common interest.

(v) It was thought that the car would fulfil this requirement of accessibility both for town

residents and for people from non-urban areas. But it has turned out that the car’s success

has had a boomerang effect. Millions of hours are wasted in traffic jams. The mobility

that we associate with the private car has merged with apocalyptic images of towns that

have come to a complete standstill.

(vi) Car use must be reduced if both car mobility and accessibility to the major centres of

interest and activity in our towns are to be maintained. Most Europeans recognise this

fact. Already in 1991, a survey conducted across the European Union indicated that 83%

of respondents agreed that public transport should receive preferential treatment over

private cars. When surveys are carried out locally, as was recently the case in France,

they produce similar findings.


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Towns and bicycles

(vii) Public transport is not the only alternative to the car. In the United Kingdom, the

Automobile Association is wholly in favour of persuading its members to step up their

use of bicycles and has published a study on motorists who also cycle, entitled ‘Cycling

Motorists’. By combining measures to promote cycling and public transport, towns can

succeed in lowering car use. Although the rate of car ownership remains roughly the

same, the rate of private car use becomes lower than in other towns. Thus motorists can be persuaded to cycle regularly - while still keeping the family car - while people who

used to be transported by car become autonomous by riding a bicycle.

(viii) This has been borne out by an operation in Arhus (Denmark) called Bikebusters. Even

in a country where alternatives to the car are already well developed, there is still the

potential to change the habits of motorists in favour of modes of transport which are

better for the environment.

(ix) A recent study of short distance trips highlights the very high proportion of car journeys

which could perfectly well be made using another mode of transport without anysignificant difference in the journey time door to door.

(x) Technical improvements have made modern bicycles efficient and convenient to use.

There is no pollution from bicycles; they are silent, economical, accessible to all

members of the family and, above all, faster than a car over short urban distances (5

km and even more in the case of traffic jams). More than 30 % of trips made in cars in

Europe cover distances of less than 3 km and 50 % are less than 5 km! For such journeys

alone, bicycles could easily replace cars. This would meet a large proportion of the

demand and contribute directly to cutting down traffic jams.

(xi) Although the bicycle is not the only solution to traffic and environmental problems intowns, it provides a solution which fits perfectly into any general policy which seeks

to enhance the urban environment and improve the quality of a town. It also mobilises

comparatively few financial resources.

Europeans want something else

(xii) An interesting fact arises from the abovementioned survey, namely that 73 % of

Europeans believe that bicycles should benefit from preferential treatment compared

with cars.

(xiii) Interestingly, surveys also prove that voters and politicians, while they share the same

opinion on the need to change their transport policy, are not aware that there is such

unanimity of viewpoint. Politicians believe that they will come up against massive

opposition from voters if they vigorously promote a mobility policy and voters believe

that their representatives do not want to follow public opinion in favour of a different

mobility policy.

(xiv) Why is this? Pressure groups in favour of cars, who actually represent a minority, are

well-organised and highly active. However, towns which ignore their protests quickly

gain support from their population, including their former opponents. The ‘cars are only

tolerated’ policy in Fribourg (Germany) is now supported by shopkeepers previously

opposed to the centre being pedestrianised. Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. Edexcel will, if notified,

be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in future editions.


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5. Task Five: Writing (20 marks)

Your college tutor has asked you to write an essay.

Choose ONE of the following topics.

Either

(a) “The future of the world’s cities lies in a good public transport system, not better,

faster cars for all!” How far do you agree with this statement?

If you refer to information or ideas from other parts of the test, you should use

your own words as far as possible.

Or

(b) It was always thought that the ability to travel quickly and cheaply throughout theworld would bring understanding between cultures and peoples. To what extent do

you think this has happened?

If you refer to information or ideas from other parts of the test, you should use

your own words as far as possible.

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Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the topic you have chosen. A B

Write 200 – 250 words.

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TOTAL FOR PAPER: 100 MARKS

THAT IS THE END OF THE TEST

Q5

(Total 20 marks)

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level 4 session 1 2006 written paper

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