levels of organization. factors biotic factor - living environment, including all organisms abiotic...
TRANSCRIPT
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Levels of Organization
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Factors
• Biotic Factor - living environment, including all organisms
• Abiotic Factor - nonliving/physical environment
• Limiting Factor- something an organism needs to survive that is in short supply– i.e. Food, Water, Space
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What is Biotic? Abiotic?
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Levels of Organization
• Biosphere• Biome• Ecosystem• Community • Population• Individual
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Levels of Ecological Organization
• Individuals • Populations: Members of the same
species that live together in the same area at the same time.
• Communities: All the populations of different species that live and interact together within an area at the same time.
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What is in our biological community?
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• Ecosystems: Community together with it’s physical environment. (Biotic and Abiotic components)
Levels of Ecological Organization Continued . . .
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What is in our ecosystem?
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Levels of Ecological Organization Continued . . .
• Biome: A large area that has a particular climate, and particular species of plants and animals that live there (tundra)
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Levels of Ecological Organization Continued . . .
• Biosphere:All the earth’s organisms and their interactions with each other, the land, the water, and the atmosphere.
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Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
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Activity
• In your groups:– Use the Continent that was assigned to you.– Come up with a pyramid showing the levels of
organization that would be seen on your continent.
• You may use your cellphones/laptops/etc to research information
– Make a mneumonic BBECPO• DUE 9/18-19
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Flow of Energy and Matter
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ENERGY
• *The basis of every organism’s interaction with the environment is its need for ENERGY to power life’s processes
• Organisms are classified by how they get energy:– Autotroph– Heterotroph
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Autotrophs (producers)
1. chemoautotrophs- use chemical energy (inorganic molecules) to produce sugars
Ex: sulfur bacteria
2. photoautotrophs- use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars (glucose)
Ex: cyanobacteria, algae, plants
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Chemoautotrophs
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Photoautotrophs (Bacteria, Algae, and Plants)
Cyanobacteria (Bacteria)
Algae (Protist)Algae (Protist)
Plants
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Heterotrophs
• Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy (have to eat food or absorb it)
1. Herbivores2. Carnivores3. Omnivores4. Detritivores5. Decomposers
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Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
Exchange of materials (Energy & Nutrients)
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Food Chains• Feeding of one organism upon another in a
sequence of food transfers• Represents the transfer of energy in an
ecosystem• (Sun) Rose plant Aphids Beetle Chameleon Hawk
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Food Webs• Many different food chains in an ecosystem
are cross-linked to form a web
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Trophic levels
• Feeding positions in a food chain/web– Producers (autotrophs)– Consumers (heterotrophs)
• Primary Consumer– Herbivore
• Secondary Consumer– Carnivore/Omnivore
• Tertiary Consumer– Carnivore/Omnivore
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Ecological Pyramids
• Shows trophic levels and flow of energy or matter from one level to the next
• 3 types– Numbers Pyramid– Biomass Pyramid– Energy Pyramid
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Numbers Pyramid• Shows the number of organisms in each trophic level• Can be misleading—doesn’t take into account the size of organisms• Not always same shape• For example: Forest ecosystem (fewer numbers of trees than
numbers of insects)
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Biomass Pyramid
• Shows total mass of organisms in each trophic level
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Energy Pyramid• Shows total amount of energy present in each trophic level • Shows loss of energy from one trophic level to the next (90% of energy is
lost)• Loss of energy due to waste, metabolism (such as cell respiration,
growth/development), much is lost as heat
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Energy Flow/Food Web Assignment
• PART 1– From the Energy Flow Handout, create two food webs
• Producers at the bottom• Try not to cross lines• Only write the organism name once• Include arrows showing the direction of energy
– Using colored pencils outline 5 separate food chains in each food web
• PART 2– Create two energy pyramids (one with 3 trophic levels; one with 4
trophic levels) for each food web• PART 3
– Complete the Energy in the Ecosystem Worksheet• DUE 10/7-8