Lewis HineLewis Hine(1874 – 1940)(1874 – 1940)

Wisconsin-born photographer, Wisconsin-born photographer, photojournalist, photojournalist,

and social reformerand social reformer

Featuring the original photo captions Featuring the original photo captions

by Lewis W. Hine by Lewis W. Hine

http://www.historyplace.com/http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/index.htmlunitedstates/childlabor/index.html

Furman Owens, 12 years old. Can't read. Doesn't know his A,B,C's. Furman Owens, 12 years old. Can't read. Doesn't know his A,B,C's. Said, "Yes I want to learn but can't when I work all the time." Been in Said, "Yes I want to learn but can't when I work all the time." Been in

the mills 4 years, 3 years in the Olympia Mill. Columbia, S.C.the mills 4 years, 3 years in the Olympia Mill. Columbia, S.C.

Faces of Lost YouthFaces of Lost Youth

Adolescent girls from Bibb Mfg. Co. in Macon, Georgia.Adolescent girls from Bibb Mfg. Co. in Macon, Georgia.

Doffer boys. Macon, Georgia.Doffer boys. Macon, Georgia.

A general view of spinning room, Cornell Mill. Fall River, Mass.A general view of spinning room, Cornell Mill. Fall River, Mass.

The MillsThe Mills

A moments glimpse of the outer world. Said she was 11 years old. A moments glimpse of the outer world. Said she was 11 years old. Been working over a year. Rhodes Mfg. Co. Lincolnton, N.C.Been working over a year. Rhodes Mfg. Co. Lincolnton, N.C.

Some boys and girls were so small they had to climb up on to the spinning Some boys and girls were so small they had to climb up on to the spinning frame to mend broken threads and to put back the empty bobbins. Bibb frame to mend broken threads and to put back the empty bobbins. Bibb

Mill No. 1. Macon, Ga.Mill No. 1. Macon, Ga.

A small newsie downtown on a Saturday afternoon. St. Louis, A small newsie downtown on a Saturday afternoon. St. Louis, Mo.Mo.

NewsiesNewsies

A group of newsies selling on Capitol steps. Tony, age 8, Dan, A group of newsies selling on Capitol steps. Tony, age 8, Dan, 9, Joseph, 10, and John, age 11. Washington, D.C.9, Joseph, 10, and John, age 11. Washington, D.C.

Michael McNelis, age 8, a newsboy [with photographer Hine]. Michael McNelis, age 8, a newsboy [with photographer Hine]. This boy has just recovered from his second attack of This boy has just recovered from his second attack of

pneumonia. Was found selling papers in a big rain storm. pneumonia. Was found selling papers in a big rain storm. Philadelphia, Pa.Philadelphia, Pa.

Francis Lance, 5 years old, 41 inches high. He jumps on and off Francis Lance, 5 years old, 41 inches high. He jumps on and off moving trolley cars at the risk of his life. St. Louis, Mo.moving trolley cars at the risk of his life. St. Louis, Mo.

At the close of day. Waiting for the cage to go up. The cage is At the close of day. Waiting for the cage to go up. The cage is entirely open on two sides and not very well protected on the other entirely open on two sides and not very well protected on the other

two, and is usually crowded like this. The small boy in front is Jo two, and is usually crowded like this. The small boy in front is Jo Puma. S. Pittston, Pa.Puma. S. Pittston, Pa.

MinersMiners

A young driver in the A young driver in the Brown mine. Has been Brown mine. Has been

driving one year. Works 7 driving one year. Works 7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. daily. a.m. to 5:30 p.m. daily.

Brown W. Va.Brown W. Va.

Breaker boys. Smallest is Angelo Ross. Pittston, Pa.Breaker boys. Smallest is Angelo Ross. Pittston, Pa.

The FactoryThe Factory

View of the Scotland Mills, showing boys who work in mill. Laurinburg, N.C.

9 p.m. in an Indiana Glass Works.9 p.m. in an Indiana Glass Works.

Some of the young knitters in London Hosiery Mills. London, Tenn.

Young cigar makers in Engelhardt & Co. Three boys looked under 14. Labor leaders told me in busy times many small

boys and girls were employed. Youngsters all smoke.

Boys in the packing room at the Brown Mfg. Co. Evansville, Ind.Boys in the packing room at the Brown Mfg. Co. Evansville, Ind.

Seafood WorkersSeafood Workers

Hiram Pulk, age 9, working in a canning company. "I ain't very fast only about 5 boxes a day. They pay about 5 cents a box," he said.

Eastport, Me.

Oyster shuckers working in a canning factory. All but the very smallest babies work. Began work at 3:30 a.m. and expected to work until 5 p.m. The little girl in the center was working. Her

mother said she is "a real help to me." Dunbar, La.

Johnnie, a nine year old oyster shucker. Man with pipe behind him is a padrone who has brought these people from Baltimore for four years. He is the boss of the shucking shed. Dunbar, La.

Manuel the young shrimp picker, age 5, and a mountain of child labor oyster shells behind him. He worked last year.

Understands not a word of English. Biloxi, Miss.

Cutting fish in a sardine cannery. Large sharp knives are used with a cutting and sometimes chopping motion. The slippery floors and

benches and careless bumping into each other increase the liability of accidents. "The salt water gits into the cuts and they

ache," said one boy. Eastport, Me.

Fruit PickersFruit Pickers

A berry field on Rock Creek. Whites and blacks, old and young, work here from 4:30 a.m. to sunset some days. A long hot day.

Rock Creek, Md.

Camille Carmo, age 7, and Justine, age 9. The older girl picks about 4 pails a day. Rochester, Mass.

Little SalesmenLittle Salesmen

A young candy seller in Boston, Mass.

After 9 p.m., 7 year old Tommie Nooman demonstrating the advantages of the Ideal Necktie Form in a store window on

Pennsylvania Ave. in Washington, D.C. His father said, "He is the youngest demonstrator in America. Has been doing it for several years from San Francisco, to New York. We stay a month or six

weeks in a place. He works at it off and on." Remarks from the by-standers were not having the best effect on Tommie.

Joseph Severio, peanut vender, age 11 [seen

with photographer Hine]. Been pushing a cart 2 years. Out after midnight on May 21,

1910. Ordinarily works 6 hours per day. Works of his own volution. All

earnings go to his father. Wilmington, Del.

Mrs. Battaglia with Tessie, age 12, and Tony, age 7. Mrs. Battaglia works in a garment shop except on Saturdays, when the children sew with her at home. Get 2 or 3 cents a pair finishing men's pants. Said

they earn $1 to $1.50 on Saturday. Father disabled and can earn very little. New York City.

Struggling FamiliesStruggling Families

Jacob Jacob RiisRiis

(1849 - 1914)(1849 - 1914)

Danish-American Danish-American photographer, photographer,

journalist, journalist, and social reformerand social reformer

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/wilson/sfeature/sf_riisphoto.html

Jacob RiisJacob RiisHow the Other Half How the Other Half

Lives: Lives: Studies Among the Studies Among the Tenements of New Tenements of New

YorkYork(Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1890)(Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1890)““Long ago it was said that 'one half Long ago it was said that 'one half of the world does not know how of the world does not know how the other half lives.' That was the other half lives.' That was true then. It did not know true then. It did not know because it did not care. The half because it did not care. The half that was on top cared little for that was on top cared little for the struggles, and less for the the struggles, and less for the fate, of those who were fate, of those who were underneath, so long as it was underneath, so long as it was able to hold them there and keep able to hold them there and keep its own seat.“ its own seat.“

~ from Riis’s Introduction~ from Riis’s Introduction

Mulberry Bend, New York

Bandit's Roost

Dens of Death

A Seven-Cent Lodging

House, Pell Street

Mulberry Street Police Station, Waiting for the

Lodging to Open

1892

One of four pedlars who slept in the cellar of 11 Ludlow

Street

Ready for Sabbath Eve in a Coal Cellar

Five Cents Lodging, Bayard Street

1889

In Poverty Gap, an English Coal-Heaver's Home

In a Sweat Shop

It Costs a Dollar a Month to Sleep in These Sheds

Women's Lodging Room in the West 47th Street

Station - 1892

Playground in Poverty Gap

Children Sleeping on

Mulberry Street