li 2013 nathalie f. martin m orphology. table of content at the end of this chapter you will know:...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN
MORPHOLOGY
![Page 2: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Table of Content
At the end of this chapter you will know:I. MorphemesII.Affixation: prefix, suffix, infix, circumfix III.Compound WordsIV.Lexical Categories V. DerivationVI.InflectionVII.Morphological Typology of LanguagesVIII.Word FormationIX.Other morphological phenomenon
Reference: O’Grady & al. (2009); Rowe & al. (2012)
![Page 3: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. MORPHOLOGY2. SIMPLE VS. COMPLEX WORDS3. FREE VS. BOUND MORPHEMES
I. Morphemes
![Page 4: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Morphology
Morphology:The analysis of word __________.The system of categories and rules involved in _______________ and __________________.
![Page 5: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Word and Morpheme
Word: the smallest Word: the smallest _________(an element that doesn’t have to occur in a fixed position)
Word Word simplesimple vs. vs. complexcomplex Ex. Ex.
Morpheme: the Morpheme: the smallest smallest _________
_________
Morpheme Morpheme freefree vs. vs. boundbound Ex. Ex.
![Page 6: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Question #1, p.139 O’Grady,2009
a. Flyb. Desksc. Untied. Treee. Dislikef. Reuseg. Triumphedh. Delighti. Justly
O’Grady, 2009
![Page 7: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
1. ROOT, AFFIX 2. BASE3. AFFIX:
1. prefix, suffix, infixes & circumfixes
II. Affixation
![Page 8: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Roots & affixes
Root: Serves as a building block for other words (usually, but not always a free morpheme)
Affix: Bound morphemes added to the root.
![Page 9: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Affixation
Prefix: An affix that is attached to the _________of a base,
Ex. re-play.
Suffix: An affix that is attached to the _________of a base.
Ex. kind-ness.
![Page 10: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Affixation
Infix: Infix: An affix that occur An affix that occur _________a basea base Ex: Ex: Tagalog: write = sulat / written = sinulat.
The infix -in- changes the verb from present to past The infix -in- changes the verb from present to past tense.tense.
Circumfixes: Circumfixes: Where you Where you _________ ___________(sometimes surrounding the root).(sometimes surrounding the root). Ex: Arabic: Book = Ex: Arabic: Book = kkiittaabb / Wrote = / Wrote = kkaattaabbaa / has / has
been written= been written= kkuuttiibb Ex: HebrewEx: Hebrew
![Page 11: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Hebrew and Affixes
The Ancient Hebrew Lexicon of the Bible By Jeff A. Benner
![Page 12: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Hebrew and Affixes
יר ִט� ְמ� (hee-teer) ִה�This is the verb ְמִטר (M.Th.R) meaning to
"rain." The structure of the verb also identifies the verb tense as perfect – he rained. The prefix ִה (hee) along with the י (ee) infix, identifies the verb as a hiphil (causative) verb – he made rain, or he caused to rain. But, the preceding word לא negates this verb – he did not cause it to rain.
www.ancient-hebrew.org/emagazine/046.doc
![Page 13: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Examples of English Affixes
-able-ing-ish-ize
Anti-Ex- Re-In-
![Page 14: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Analyzing Word Structure
![Page 15: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CLOSED-FORM COMPOUNDHYPHENATED COMPOUNDOPEN-FORM COMPOUND
III. Compound Words
![Page 16: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Compound Words
Closed-form compound:Hyphenated compound:Open-form compound:
![Page 17: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Brain waves
Turnstile
What kind of Compound Word is this
![Page 18: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Hair plugs
Fast food
What kind of Compound Word is this?
![Page 19: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
A SMALL OVERVIEW
IV. Lexical Categories
![Page 20: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Syntactic Categories (1)
Noun (N)Verb (V)Adjective (A)Preposition (P)
Adverb (Adv)
moisture, policymelt, remaingood, intelligentto, nearslowly, now
![Page 21: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Syntactic Categories (2)
Determiner (Det)Auxiliary (Aux)Conjunction (Con)
Interjection
the, this, mywill, canand, orOh, goodness
sake, whatever
![Page 22: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Exercise: Word class
a.a. bettermentbettermentb.b. thethec.c. himhimd.d. elegantelegante.e. inconvenienceinconveniencef.f. eloquentlyeloquentlyg.g. complycomplyh.h. inasmuch asinasmuch asi.i. over over
Determine the word class of each of the following words.
![Page 23: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
1. ENGLISH DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES2. COMPLEX DERIVATION3. CONSTRAINTS IN DERIVATION4. TWO CLASSES OF DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES
V. Derivation
![Page 24: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Derivation
An affixational process that forms a word with a _____________ and/or ___________ _________from that of it’s base.
Ex:
![Page 25: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Examples of English Derivational Affixes
See pages 117 or O’Grady.
O’Grady, 2009
![Page 26: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Derivation
Illustrated through trees:
N V
V Af A Af
treat ment modern ize
![Page 27: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Let’s Practice
![Page 28: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Some examples of English Derivational Morpheme
-ic : Noun Adj -ly : Adj Adv -ate : Noun Verb -ity : Adj Noun -ship : Noun Nounre- : Verb Verb
alcohol alcoholic
exact exactlyvaccin
vaccinateactive activityfriend
friendshipcover recover
![Page 29: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Complexe Derivation
Words with several layers of structureActivation: N
V
A
V Af Af Af
Act ive ate ion
![Page 30: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Constraints on Derivation
The suffix –antContest contestantDefend defendantHunt
*Huntant Hunter
WHY?
The suffix –ant can combine only with ____________________.
![Page 31: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Constraints on Derivation
The suffix –enwhite whitendark darkengreen
*greenenWHY?The suffix –en can combine only a __________ base that ends in an obstruent.
How about large ?
The suffix –en can combine only a __________ _______base that ends in an ________ (Kwary, 2004).
largen ?
![Page 32: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
1. INFLECTION2. INFLECTIONS IN ENGLISH
VI. Inflection
![Page 33: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Inflection
The modification of a word’s form to __________the ____________ ________to which it belongs Ex:
![Page 34: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
THE 9 ENGLISH INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES
Nouns–s plural–’s possessive
Verbs –s third person singular present–ed past tense–en past participle–ing progressive
Adjectives–er comparative–est superlative-en past participle
![Page 35: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Inflection vs. derivation
![Page 36: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Derivation vs. Inflection (1)Derivation vs. Inflection (1)
It changes the It changes the __________and/or the and/or the __________of of meaning of the meaning of the word, so it is said to word, so it is said to create create __________..
Ex: Ex:
It does not It does not change either the change either the ______ __________or or the the ________ __________found in found in the word.the word.
Ex: Ex:
![Page 37: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Derivation vs. Inflection (2)Derivation vs. Inflection (2)
A derivational affix must combine with the base A derivational affix must combine with the base __________an inflectional affix.an inflectional affix.
e.g. neighbour (base) + hood (DA) + s (IA)e.g. neighbour (base) + hood (DA) + s (IA)
= neighbourhoods= neighbourhoods
The following combination is unacceptable:The following combination is unacceptable:
neighbour (base) + s (IA) + hood (DA)neighbour (base) + s (IA) + hood (DA)
= *neighbourshood= *neighbourshood
![Page 38: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Derivation vs. Inflection (3)Derivation vs. Inflection (3)
An inflectional affix in more An inflectional affix in more __________than a than a derivational affix.derivational affix.
EX: the inflectional suffix –s can combine with EX: the inflectional suffix –s can combine with virtually any noun to form a plural noun.virtually any noun to form a plural noun.
On the other hand,On the other hand,
the derivational suffix the derivational suffix –ant–ant can combine only can combine only with Latinate bases.with Latinate bases.
![Page 39: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Describe the italic affixes:
1) impossible2) terrorized3) terrorize4) desks5) dislike6) humanity7) fastest
![Page 40: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Describe the italic affixes:
8) premature9) untie10) darken11) fallen12) oxen13) faster14) lecturer
![Page 41: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The suffix -er
Ex: sin - sinner
![Page 42: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
I. ANALYTIC (OR ISOLATING) LANGUAGESII. SYNTHETIC LANGUAGES:
1. Fusional (or inflectional) languages2. Agglitinating Languages3. Polysynthetic languages
VII. Morphological Typology of Languages
![Page 43: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Morphological Typology of Languages
I. Analytic (or isolating) languages
II. Synthetic languages:
1. Fusional (or inflectional) languages
2. Agglitinating Languages
3. Polysynthetic languages
![Page 44: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
1. COMPOUNDING2. CONVERSION3. CLIPPING4. BLENDING5. BACK-FORMATION6. ACRONYMS7. ONOMATOPOEIA8. EPONYMS & TRADE NAMES9. DERIVATION10. OTHER WORD FORMATION PROCESSES
VIII. Word Formation
![Page 45: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
1. Compounding
Definition: Two or more words _______ _____________to form a new word.
Examples:
![Page 46: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Properties of compounds
1.Properties of compounds1. Lexical category
2. Stress
3. Plural
![Page 47: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Note: The meaning of a compound is not Note: The meaning of a compound is not always always _____________________________. .
Baby oil blue-movies
blue-chip
Coconut oil oil made from coconuts. Olive oil oil made from olives.
oil for babiesNOT oil made from babies
Endocentric vs Exocentric Compounds
![Page 48: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
2. Conversion
Definition: Assigning an already existing word to a new ____________________.
Examples:
![Page 49: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Conversion
Taking Nouns and Adjectives and using them as verbs (and conjugating them).
![Page 50: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
3. Clipping
Definition: Shortening a ______________by ______________________________
Examples: Facsimile Hamburger
Gasoline Gasoline Advertisement Advertisement
![Page 51: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
4. Blends
Definition: Similar to compounds, but Definition: Similar to compounds, but ______ ______________ are deleted.are deleted.
Examples:Examples:
![Page 52: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Is this a blend?
![Page 53: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Case Study: Blends or Compounds
‘Wild-haired revolutionaries like Che Guevara have been replaced by clean-cut metrosexual icons like soccer star David Beckham and musician Ricky Martin.’ (cbsnews.com, 25th November 2003).
‘No botox for the Retrosexual. No $1,000 haircuts. The retrosexual man eats red meat heartily and at times kills it himself.’ (The Washington Dispatch, 2nd May 2004).
Another recent coinage borne out of the current preoccupation with male stereotyping is the noun and adjective technosexual. (Macmillan Online, January 2005).
![Page 54: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
5. Back-formations
Definition: a process that creates a new word by __________a _________________ from another word in the language.
Examples:
![Page 55: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
6. Acronyms
Definition: Words derived from the _________of several words
Examples:
![Page 56: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
7. Onomatopoeia
Definition: Words created to __________ the thing that they name.
English Japanese Tagalog Indonesian
Cock-a-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kakauk Kukuruyuk
Meow Nya Niyaw Meong
![Page 57: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
8. Eponyms
Definition: Words derived from _____ __ ___ __________.
Examples:
![Page 58: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
9. Derivation
Derivation is the process of forming a new word by adding a _______ _____________to a ________.
Ex:
![Page 59: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
9. Other Word Formation Process
Foreign word Borrowing
![Page 60: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Let’s invent words!
Invent words that don’t already exist in English, and then define the process that was used to creat this word.
![Page 61: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Intialism or Acronym?
Initialism: An abbreviation created by ________ __ __________ (e.g. PEI or USA) as letters rather than a word.
Acronym: A word that is forms by ________ ____________of some or all the words in a phrase or title and __________ __________ (e.g. NATO for North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
![Page 62: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
IX. Other Morphological Phenomena
![Page 63: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Other Morphological Phenomena related to inflection
Internal change Process that substitutes one non-
morphemic segment for another to mark grammatical contrast.
Different than infixing … Examples:
![Page 64: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Other Morphological Phenomena related to inflection
Suppletion Replaces a morpheme with an entirely
different morpheme in order to indicate a grammatical contrast.
Ex:
![Page 65: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Morphophonemics
![Page 66: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Morphophonemics
“Pronunciation can be sensitive to __________factors”
Example: English Plural Allomorphs pronounced: /-s/, /-z/, /-əz/ The pronunciation of the suffix « –s » depends on the
phonetic context. Ex:
www.pearsoned.ca/ogrady
![Page 67: LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN M ORPHOLOGY. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: I. Morphemes Morphemes II. Affixation: prefix, suffix,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a08bf7/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Allomorphs
p. 95-96 (Rowe & Levine, 2012)
Examples: An & a -s The & the
Rowe & Levine, 2012