APPRECIATION

First, thanks to god for giving me strength and knowledge to finish my industrial training

and report. I would like to express my appreciation to the many people who have contributed to

the successful completion of this report. Most especially, my deepest gratitude to the supervisor

of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) and also all the technician during the training giving me a

chance to implement my Industrial Training at this company. They also guided me how to do the

works in different department. I will keep in mind for all the knowledge that I had learnt from

them to apply in the future.

       I also like to thank to the Operation Executive, Miss Nor Hanisah for her permission to

get a lot of information about the company and the information for all the projects that I have

been doing. All the information and data are very important and useful for my report.

       And the last but not least, I would to appreciate to the general workers, En Norahim Bin

Kasiran, En Nor Haizan Bin Idris, En Zul Effendy b. Hashim, and En Mohd Jurimi b. Abd

Hamid in cooperating during my training at the company.

       For my family, thanks for them for their supporting me to give strength and encourage

me to be more responsibility on my duties. Thanks you guy.  

1

LIST OF CONTENTS PAGEAppreciation 

List of Content  

CHAPTER 1 

1. Company Background2. Company Organization Structure

 

CHAPTER 2 

2.1 Training Given  

CHAPTER 3  

3.1 Project 1

3.2 Project 2

3.3 Project 3

3.4 Project 4

3.5 Project 5 

3.6 Project 6  

CHAPTER 4 

Conclusion  

CHAPTER 5 

Problems occurs 

References

Appendixes

1

2

4

7

10

12

16

24

31

36

39

44

45

47

48

2

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES PAGE

Table 1

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

12

18

19

20

21

29

42

3

CHAPTER 1

COMPANY BACKGROUND

Tenaga Nasional Berhad is the largest Electric utility company in Malaysia and also the

largest power company in Southeast Asia with MYR 69.8 billion worth of assets. It serves over

seven million customers[1] throughout Peninsular Malaysia and also the eastern state of Sabah

through Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd. TNB's core activities are in the generation, transmission and

distribution of electricity. Other activities include repairing, testing and maintaining power

plants, providing engineering, procurement and construction services for power plants related

products, assembling and manufacturing high voltage switchgears, coal mining and trading.

Operations are carried out in Malaysia, Mauritius, Pakistan, India and Indonesia.

History

The Central Electricity Board (CEB) was established and came into operation on 1

September 1949. The Board was to become heir to three major projects considered by the

Electricity Department following its re-establishment in April 1946 which were the Connaught

Bridge Power Station, Cameron Highlands Hydroelectric Project & the development of a

National Grid. CEB eventually became the owner of 34 power stations with a generation

capacity of 39.88 MW, including a steam power station in Bangsar with a capacity of 26.5 MW,

a hydroelectric power station at Ulu Langat with a capacity of 2.28 MW as well as various diesel

powered generators with a total capacity of 11.1 MW .

4

On 22 June 1965, Central Electricity Board (CEB) of the Federation of Malaya was

renamed as the National Electricity Board (NEB) of the States of Malaya. By the 80s, the Board

was supplying the whole Peninsular with electricity, strategically replacing the Perak River

Hydro Electric Power company (PRHEP) and its subsidiary Kinta Electrical Distribution Co. Ltd

(KED) in 1982, Penang Municipality in 1976, and areas supplied by Huttenbach Ltd in 1964,

which included Alor Setar, Sungai Petani, Kulim, Lunas, Padang Serai, Telok Anson, Langkap,

Tampin and Kuala Pilah.

On 4 May 1988, Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad announced the government’s

decision on a policy of privatisation. Two pieces of legislation were passed to replace the

existing Electricity Act and to provide for the establishment of a new corporation. Tenaga

Nasional Berhad (TNB) was formed in 1990 by the Electricity Supply Successor Company Act

1990, to succeed the National Electricity Board (NEB) of the States of Malaya.

Transmission division

Currently, the TNB Group has a complete power supply system, including the National

Grid which is energised at 132, 275 and 500 kilovolt (kV), with its tallest electricity pylon in

Malaysia and Southeast Asia being the Kerinchi Pylon located near Menara Telekom, Kerinchi,

Kuala Lumpur. The National Grid is linked via 132 kV HVAC and 300 kV HVDC

interconnection to Thailand and 230 kV cables to Singapore.

TNB, through its subsidiaries, is also involved in the manufacturing of transformers, high

voltage switchgears and cables, consultancy services, architectural, civil and electrical

engineering works and services, repair and maintenance services and fuel undertakes research

and development, property development, and project management services. TNB also offers

higher education through its university, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (Uniten).

5

Generation division

The Generation division owns and operates thermal assets and hydroelectric generation

schemes in Peninsular Malaysia and one Independent Power Producer (IPP) operating in

Pakistan. In the Peninsular, it has a generation capacity of 11,296 MW.

Among plans to expand its generation capacity include increasing hydroelectric

generation by 2015[5] and commissioning the first nuclear power plant in Malaysia by 2025 if the

government decides to include nuclear as an acceptable energy option.

Distribution division

The Distribution division conducts the distribution network operations and electricity

retail operations of TNB. The division plans, constructs, operates, performs repairs and

maintenance and manages the assets of the 33 kV, 22 kV, 11 kV, 6.6 kV and 415/240 volt in the

Peninsular Malaysia distribution network. Sabah Electricity provides the same function in the

state of Sabah.

To conduct its electricity retailing business, it operates a network of state and area offices

to purchase electricity from embedded generators, market and sell electricity, connect new

supply, provide counter services, collect revenues, operate call management centers, provide

supply restoration services, and implements customer and government relationships.

6

7

8

9

CHAPTER 2   

 

2.1 TRAINING GIVEN 

 

      There are a lot of experience of wiring works that I got during my industrial training at HR

Electrical and Engineering. The main training at this company actually focuses on electrical

wiring works. In addition, including knowledge in grounding protection, lay underground cable,

how to use technical equipments, pull cables through the conduits and many more. In practically,

I have learnt much in wiring works which I do not ever know during studied in class. So far, I

have learnt in bottom of electrical basic works and this knowledge is very useful for me when I

come as engineer in the future.

      The specification and standard of all materials used in all the projects was qualified as

standardization from Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR). For the safety of the consumer and customer, all

the materials must exactly follow the specification from JKR. This is because only the qualified

material has approved is safety for use in wiring works. Therefore, the company was followed

the guide from JKR because they did not want anything bad happen to the peoples in the future.

Sometime, the company also been cheated from the supplier. They supplied not quality and

original products. Even though this product is very low cost, but the product did not passed from

the qualification from the JKR. This fault has been realize after qualified person from the JKR

made check up after job done.

      I also can gain experience in how to use the technical equipments such as grinding, breaker,

drill, and others. Beside the knowledge how to use the things, I must have the energy to handle

that equipment. The reason I said that because the equipment that I want to use must handle with

full energy. For example in using of breaker to break the wall, if I do not use the whole energy to

handle that thing I cannot break the wall. Another example in using of grinding, I must know the

10

right way to hold that thing when cut the wall or metal. The risk may come if I hold the thing in

the wrong way.

      For the technical works, I have learned a lot in wiring technique and type of wiring. There

have two types of wiring. There are wiring internal wall and external wall. The type of internal

wall wiring, this type must apply to all buildings in nowadays. Therefore, before the structure of

a building will concrete, the conduits must bury under the concrete. These conduits are the way

of cables through the wall. PVC conduit is use for this technique of wiring. For the external wall

wiring, the metal or PVC conduit is use for this technique. In addition, the conduit must be paint

with the orange color that means the medium power of cables are inside the conduit. Moreover, I

also know how to bend the PVC conduit using bending spring and pull the cables through the

conduit using the puller.

      There a lot of knowledge, I had gain during the training that is I have not mentioned here. I

will explain more detail of work I have done in the next chapter.

11

CHAPTER 3

Project 1

 For the project 1, I will explain more details on projects that I have done during the training. The

table below is show the general task during the training. 

 

Week

Task (In General) 1 2 3 4 5 6

Pekan Nenas O

PAT Kg. Romania Barat,Benut O

PMU Pontian O

PAT Permatang Palas O

Week

Task (In General) 7 8 9 10 11 12

PE Bandar Baru O

Api-Api & Benut O

Pt Wak Jabir Benut O

Taman Sri Maju & Pt Bilal O

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Project of Pekan Nenas

Installation of meters of single phase and three phase

Meter installation steps

Check current by using testpen

If there is flame on testpen at cathode wiring and there is no flame at neutral wiring it is

safe to do the next step

Then, take out the cathode from the box and install the meter

Make sure that the wiring is ok.

Project of PAT Kg. Romania Barat

Do Preventive Maintenance

Change jumper cable sasca type 70mmp² because the older cable had damage.

Change 3 set of lightning cable because the older lightning cable cannot function

anymore.

Change 3 set of dropper because the older dropper had crack on it and cannot function

very well.

Clean the area of PAT

Project of PMU Pontian

See what inside the PMU.

Listen to the talk from engineer from Johor Bahru about the device that were used to

examine the breaker.

There are 3 device.

13

1st one is TEV (Transient Earth Voltage). It was use to test electric charge leaking from

cable that connect to earth.

2nd one is Ultra Sound. It is use test the electric charge leaking in air area around the

breaker. It will give 3 different sound if there is leaking.

3rd one is thermo. It is use to detect the temperature from the breaker.

Project of PAT Permatang Palas

Drop out fuse break

Change new fuse element.

Take load reading from P/E Pt Kerimon Laut

Project of P/E Bandar Baru

Do termination LV cable $ core 300mmp² Xlpe.

Use Aylin termination type.

Do 4 connection LV cable by using heat shrink method to 2 LVDB.

Install new device that is hemetically sealed type-1000KV for indoor substation.

Install earthing at the LVDB.

Project of Api-Api & Benut

Patrol line shorting

Repair 2x9m t/span that fall because there is construction at the place

Inclined to uphold the pillars 3x7.5m

Repair s/wire sagging 4 span

1x16mmp² hit by a car

1x9m t/span sagging were repaired.

Project of Pt Wak Jabir

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ABC repairing wire 185mmp² at the edges of escape from s/clamp.

Repair 1x9m & 1x7.5m t/span that were ragging.

Repair s/wire that ragging.

D bracket that ladder were repaired.

Project of Taman Sri Maju & Pt Bilal

To installed street light. One wire to phase and one wire to neutral.

The part of the street light are street lantern, holder, PECU@photosel(photoelectric

control unit), ignitor and choke.

Change bulb, ignitor, fuse, choke or new street light if there is problem.

15

PROJECT 2

METER

        Meter is one of the most important component in the recorded value of the units used by the

user. The value of units used by consumers is dependent on the use of electricity used. Meter

users are dependent on the load used by each user. There are various types of meters used are: -

i. Meter 1 phase - 2 wire.

ii. Meter 3 phase - 4 wire

2.1 Meter testing period

        Testing performed on term meter meter's release by the TNB to meet the prescribed tariff

180 laps. Testing should also be made if there are complaints from consumers about the speed

meter used rotational even used a little electricity. There are two types of user testing meters

long. Test meter single phase and three phase are the same.

1. Testing the meter by meter.

2. Testing in the calculation.

2.2 Test meter by meter

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        This type of meter testing step is a test carried out by comparison. This type of testing

requires more than a week to see the results. Meter connected between the standard term external

connections and meter-term users. The reading on the meter and meter-term users entered the

standard term in a week and the unit used in the period used will be compared.

        If the deviation value between two meters long is small, it means the term meters no

problem, and it can be. If the deviation between the meter-term value is high, the meter should be

replaced by step the new. This is to ensure that the meter-term users who have set standards.

2.3 Testing in the calculation of

        Testing in the calculation requires the SESB test of time taken to turn a meter long. The

formula used is as follows: -

_____1_______ = Voltage x Current x Power Factor x Revolution

Calculated Time 3600 x 1000

       __1__ = V x I x PF Rev

          TC 3600 x 1000

           TC = 3600000_______

                                    V x I x PF x Rev

        

When the TC, the value will be compared with values obtained in practice. If this value is

almost the same, then the meter is the standard term that can be used. On the other hand, if the

value is different, mete is damaged and must be reinstated

17

2.4 Types of Meter

There are only two meters set only, which is in TNB the two wire single phase meter and

three-phase four-wire meter.

2.4.1 Meter Single Phase Single Phase Two Wire

2.5 Single Phase Meter

Two-wire single phase meter is a meter that is used for small users such as residential

homes and small shops. This meter uses only two wires that (Live) and (Neutral). The voltage

supplied to the meter of this phase is 240 volts. Fuse rating is used by 60 to 80A. This supply is

18

enough for users who do not have the application (load) is high. Example diagram of a phase

meter.

 

2.5.1 Meter Single Phase Wiring Diagram

  

2.6 Three Phase Meter

Three-phase four-wire meter is often used by large users, such as industrial premises and

the hospital. It has a voltage of 415 volts and the fuse is used depends on the load demand to be

used by the user. Three-phase meter is divided into two, namely:

i. Maximum Demand Meter (MD Meter)

ii. Current Transformer Meter (CT Meter)

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Maximum Demand Meter is usually used to load less than 100 ampere. It is used by users

with the user of less than 100 ampere. These meters will be installed on the premises.

2.6.1 Meter Three Phase Wiring Diagram

 

2.7 Current Transformer Meter

Current meter transformer (CT METER Meter Current Transformer) is used by

consumers in excess of 100 ampere. It involves a high demand from industrial plants and

hospitals. CT meter is usually installed in a substation in the vicinity and a meter box provided.

20

As the load is high, the cable used to attach the meter must be greater. Cable connection to the

meter is small, to solve this problem used CT Coil. Coil CT is used to facilitate the installation of

medium-meter cable. Coil CT is usually installed in Feeder Pillar or the cable connection to the

meter.

2.8 Meter Current Transformer (CT Coil)

CT coil is used to facilitate the installation of meters and the cable medium. Cable

methods included are: P1 will go to the main supply (substation). P2 will go to the user. S1 and

S2 will go to the meter.

 

2.8.1 Used in Installation Meter

2.9 Re-fuse wire

The meter or wiring of electrical equipment fuses should be used to protect the electrical

circuit when the electrical circuit to receive electrical current that exceeds the capacity fuse.

Then the circuit will be open due to the fuse is broken. Each meter three phase wiring, fuse wire

used for the selalau fuse using the existing wires in a fuse is broken or melting due to excessive

21

current. Fuse will not be replaced with new, only just replaced the wire with the new.

2.10 Testing And Installation Of Meter

Testing and inspection of meters should be carried out on a new meter or longer to meet

the standards set. This test is to ensure the meter is working in good condition and safe. Among

the complaints are often received from users is that they have a problem meter spinning too fast,

even if they do not use a lot of load. Therefore, to ensure that consumer complaints are correct,

TNB has established a team to perform testing and inspection of consumer meters have a

problem.

i. Meter Check routine (RMC)

This group is assigned to perform testing and inspections on small user-meter single

phase 240 volts. This group will go to consumers who make complaints to check the meter.

iii. Large Power Consumer (LPC)

This group is also tasked to make testing and inspection of meters, but it is special for

users of factories, hospitals and others. This group is also charged with imposing compound

available to users who belong to steal supplies TNB. Examples of user errors is the act of harass

or interfere with TNB meter, if the offense is carried out by the consumer. The TNB had to give

a summons to customers and can be charged and fined with imprisonment not exceeding five

years or a maximum fine of RM100, 000,00.00. TNB also can cut the supply to customers

22

premises for up to three months. One of the testing conducted by the TNB is testing a meter by

meter.

2.11 Testing meter by meter

Meter by meter testing performed by the comparison. This type of testing usually takes a

week to see the results. Standard meter is connected between the external connection meter

users. The reading on the meter and meter standards registered users within a week to get the

reading. If found deviation meter reading both are small, then the meter should be no problem

and if the deviation is high readings, indicating the meter is not functioning properly.

2.12 Cutting

   Units in this section is guilty of cutting electricity supplies to the homes of users do not

pay outstanding bills more. Cutting done denagn fuse disconnect service at home users. After

cutting a house done, the user will be given a bill came due and required to pay at the counter if

need electricity again. Fuse services will be returned to the user if the user has come to pay the

debt even if paying in installments.

Cuts will be made if the user promises to pay the debt. Then the user will be recorded in

any of the user can pay. If the date is recorded use was not paid, the deduction will be made

without notice as the user tiak cooperate.

This cutting unit will search / hunt for users who are still owed by the serial number

23

written on the front of the meter and the electricity bill which is the code and location.

PROJECT 3

OVERHEAD

3.1 Number Of Specifications

In the construction of the line, the TNB has provided rules to be observed by staff TNB

and the contractor has been appointed. It is intended to protect workers and ensure that the online

system can be distributed safely without endangering the user.

 

In the selection of conductors for transmission and distribution of electricity, it must take

into account the following:

I. High levels of flow.

II. high strength tension.

III. Low cost.

IV. Conductor of electricity, which can drain well (Aluminium and Copper)

For high voltage lines, conductor that can be used is the type of the exposed aluminum

lines (Bare Conductor) it seeks to avoid the burden of high wires and quickly broken. While for

low voltage lines, insulated aluminum conductor PVC insulation is used for security purposes

because it is closer to the user.

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3.2 Number On The Delivery System

        Shipping on-line system means using cables attached to electric poles 132kV, 66kV, 33KV,

22KV, 11kV, 415V and 240V. 132kV and 66kV transmission systems are mainly used online

Tower (the tower). The column on the line Tower is greater, higher and stronger. Below here are

the advantages of using online Tower: -

i. The column used more durable.

ii. Have a better security system.

iii. Easy to delayed when making maintenance.

The weakness of the system poles Tower is as follows: -

i. Very expensive.

ii. Installation is a complicated one-line posts.

       In terms of distance, it is influenced by weather conditions and terrain in a place. For

example a place that always hit a strong wind blowing in the sea and over the hill is not suitable

for pole line that Tower has a range of 1000 meters. Use the distance between one pillar to

another pillar Tower Tower used by the SESB are as follows: -

        ---------------- A minimum of 100 meters

        --------------- Maximum 1000 meters

        For example, the top of the hill is very very suitable for a distance of 100 meters. But, for a

very free place such as the paddy fields or swampy areas are very suitable for a distance of 1000

25

meters. System installation is very rarely have inflicted damage such as wood and this is due to

the high Tower of the trees. Online Tower has "Wire Guard" that can prevent things from

indulge. "Guard Wire" also functions as if the lightning arrester lightning flashing in the Tower.

Ole Thus, the real purpose of "Guard Wire" is installed in the Tower is the protection of 132kV

line from the place of any overload or short circuit.

3.3 Number Of Cable 22KV/11KV

        On-line system like this are usually using electric poles of steel or iron, as found in the side

streets. Usually this type of electric poles just to bring the supply voltage of 33KV, 22KV, 11kV

and low voltage is used for each user. Sometimes, this type of pole line on-line come with low

(Low Tension / Low Voltage). Usually this kind of poles are used to send voltage to a place such

as residential or industrial plant. Long poles are often used is 9.5 meters and the pole is planted

in a soil depth of 1.68 meters.

3.4 Installation Of Number On How To Pillar Electricity 22KV/11KV

        Typically, this installation method is widely used and there are 2 factors that influence the

assembly line. DN benefit factors disadvantages are as follows: -

Benefits

i. Cheap.

ii. Quick.

iii. Easy

Disadvantages

i. Less resistant berbading pillars "Tower".

ii. Hazard when penebatnya broken.

26

        Before the installation work is carried out, the SESB must ensure that the access points and

electric poles at a rate of the number of users. This is to avoid any problems that arise DN

swampy land loss. After all finished, the SESB will indicate the distance between the pole to

pole. Here is the distance between the pole to pole: -

        -------- 50 meters under normal circumstances

        If there is a curved path, or branch, it follows the angle of the bend. Assembly-line

conditions on this line is the same as the column "Tower". Here is how the installation of

electricity poles: -

i. Make sure the pole is installed is strong enough and timely measures prescribed by the SESB.

ii. Wearing safety equipment and safety ladders installed when riding electric pole.

iii. Components (High Tension Bracket, Guard bracket, Crossam Bracket, Pin Insulator) as found

in the electric pole is installed in advance to facilitate the work.

iv. Cabling done

v. The cable is installed to ensure that the tight and have adequate insulation.

        Normally, cables are installed in the line of 22KV or 11kV cable "Aerial Bundle Cable" and

at the top there are jarring and "Wire Guard." There are three nets are installed at the "Wire

Guard" from pole to pole. Function Guard Wire "is a ground to line up and avoid the nets is a

broken cable from falling to the ground. Cable "Bare Hard Dron Alluminium Conductor" is

usually installed on the Pin Insulator and cable tied to using aluminum Letter "and the" Clump ".

27

3.5 Pin insulator

Pin insulators are designed with a steel pin. The bar can be installed on 33KV and 11kV

pole tower. This insulation has a screw on the steel pin, while the conductor is placed on top of

insulation and tied together with a soft aluminum wire with coil.

 

For high-voltage transmission line, the insulator pin is much stronger and bigger. High

voltage pin type insulators is different from the construction of low-voltage insulator.

Construction of low voltage insulators containing two or more layers of ceramic. Use a pin

insulator unit is sufficient for the 33KV transmission system if more than this voltage rating.

Order two or more pins are used.

3.6 Tension insulator

In a state line for a high tension, such as a sharp bend at the end or a transmission line.

For low-voltage line tension insulators is to use handcuffs (shackle).

While the tension of the tension line high voltage insulators used. Normally the

installation of transmission line insulators in two or more insulation is used. Diselakukan tension

insulator disk with different melintangkannya suspension insulators are diselakukan vertical

structure is similar to the tension insulator suspension insulator, but the size is above the height

of suspension insulators tension insulators.

 

28

3.6.1 insulation Suspension (Suspension Insulator)

In addition to the tension insulator pins and insulators, there is another insulator

suspension insulator. Installing insulation on the gallows on the line depends on the ability of the

voltage carried by a line. Increase capacity on a line voltage will also increase the number of

installations on the line suspension insulators. Because most of the transmission and distribution

than 33KV, mala system becomes larger and more long distance lines.

As a result, pin insulators do not have the capacity to bear this online system. To

overcome this problem, designed suspension insulators. Insulator is suspended to the pole tower

bar different pin insulators placed at the top bar. For this type of pin insulators, conductors will

be connected at the bottom of the insulating suspension. Then, we can increase the distance

between the tower bar with the addition of insulated conductor through the suspension placed in

the network. Increase the number of suspension insulators on a line is a reference to the line

voltage, the weather, the installation of transmission lines, and the size of suspension insulators

used.

29

3.7 Advantages and disadvantages of Top Line

Hanging over the good insulator pin insulator:

I. Suspension insulators in terms of cheaper cost of capacity line of more than 50KV.

II. If the damage is not expected at any suspension insulators, it is sufficient to replace the disk

damage only and does not replace the entire the suspension insulator.

III. Suspension insulators are installed on the line more flexible tension on the connection

insulation barrier tower easily rotated to any direction.

IV. Appropriate pin insulator installed on the lower pole than suspension insulators.

Disadvantages compared to an insulator pin insulator suspension:

 I. Suspension is not appropriate insulation installed in the pole tower

II. Suspension insulators require high and robust pole because it increases the cost of shipping.

III. Damage difficult to detect than the insulator pin insulator suspension.

IV. Potential limited only to the pin insulator voltage under 80KV

 

30

PROJECT 4

SUBSTATION

Substation played a key role in the transmission and  distribution of electricity in the

country. Substations can be defined as a group of devices or appliances electrical switches

attached to accept, modify, operate and distribute electricity to consumers in the near vicinity.

Substations in the district of Kota Belud is divided into three types:

I. Main Entry Stations (PMU)

II. Substation Main denominator (PPU)

III. Distribution Substation

4.1 Substation Main Entry (PMU)

This substation 132kV or 66kV voltage received from the City Grid System

Pontian. 132kV or 66kV Voltage will be sent to 33KV using valve down transformer. 33KV

voltage is also to be sent to the Sub Main denominator (PPU) in Top Line and Underground

Cable (Underground Cabel).

4.2 Substation Main denominator (PPU)

Received voltage substations of 33KV Substation Main Entry (PMU) and the Power

31

Station Pontian by Top Line and Underground Cable. 33KV voltage will be reduced to 11kV,

using a transformer valve down. Then it will be down to 11kV for distribution to distribution

substations in the immediate vicinity.

4.3 Substation distribution

Substation is to accept and change voltage supplied by the 33KV transmission substations

to 11kV to 415 for three phase and to 240V for single phase transformer is revealed, then sent to

the user. Distribution substations can be divided into two, namely:

I. Stations in Building

II. Foreign Substation Building

4.4 Stations in Building

This substation has limited 100KVA substation to the all- each transformer room. These

substations are usually found in the city and the hospital.

4.5 External Substation Building

Substation outside the building was divided into two, namely:

I. Fenced substation

II. Substation Upper pole

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4.6 Substation gated

Fenced substation usually located in industrial areas, residence, and the City. It is covered

by the wire by wire designed to prevent jarring of any external interference and security. Among

the tools found in a fenced substation are:

I. Reducing transformer 11KV/415V

II. 11kV switch equipment (Switch Gear)

III. Distribution Board (Feeder Pillar)

 

4.7 Advantages and disadvantages of indoor and outdoor substation

Indoor substation would cost more than outdoor substations. This is because the need of

building materials like concrete and steel is more than the outdoor substation. Construction cost

increase depends on the capacity of the substation is needed in the distribution system. While the

substation outside the building only requires a small space and fenced, and some steel and

concrete to put the required high voltage equipment.

Since the installation of high voltage equipment in the building, this is difficult for

maintenance work and also increase capacity of substations, and consequently increase the cost

of maintenance and ground switch outdoor substations. However, due to the influence of

efficiency changes temperature, dust and sediment substations equipment dirty on the outside,

require equipment to be installed, it is specially designed so that the services provided by

external substations is good, this resulted in higher construction cost.

33

Indoor substation is more quiet than the external this building because the noise

generated from the transformer and other equipment will be spread on the surrounding and can

be felt when we by substation areas outside the building.

Because of the high voltage switches and hardware are located in this building will be

assured of safety equipment, especially the disruption lightning, rain and storm. While outdoor

substations are exposed to the environmental hazards like lightning and temperature changes,

including the dust and dirt. Can be said substation in the building is safer than outdoor

substations.

4.8 11kV transformer reducing / 415V

Transformer plays an important role in reducing the high voltage

 to low voltage. In which he revealed 11kV to 415V three phase. All the tools used by SESB to

distribute a vector group Dy II is known as DELTA.

 

4.9 11kV switchgears (Switch Gear)

Switch Gear is a transformer protection or a separator

decide on an electrical transformer. SESB now uses two types of "Switch Gear" is used in oil and

gas. Now the TNB more focused on the use of the "switch gears" of the SF6 gas (Sulfur Gas

Heksafluorida).

The advantage of using Heksfluorida Sulfur Gas (SF6) as the electrical insulation and

high strength and shock absorbing characteristics of a good arc, SF6 circuit breaker is smaller

compared denagan air circuit breakers in the same proportion. Strength in SF6 at atmospheric

pressure is approximately equal to the air at a pressure of 10 atmosphere. The temperature at

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30000K has experienced the arc in SF6 and in fact is in the dilution gas (approximately 2000K),

however, almost all of the decomposition is performed by electromagnetic. Therefore, the

electric power in the gas can be recovered rapidly after the arc was completed.

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PROJECT 5

DISTRIBUTION BOX (Feeder Pillar)

        Distribution box is almost the same functions with the distribution fuse board in the house.

It is intended to place a few fuses that allow voltage of 415 Volts. Usually the size of the cable is

connected to the feeder pillar boxes to the distribution of user or industrial plant is 185mm ²

Cable PILC. ALL perform maintenance on the distribution box, not much maintenance is done

only a few kinds of work are often done as: -

i. Install and replace the broken fuse LT.

ii. Feeder cable at Pillar of life (L), neutral (N) and earth (E) for three phase connection, 415Volt.

iii. Substituting a new set of feeder Pillar.

iv. Setting up and growing on feeder grounding Pillar.

        Work on the feeder cable installation is usually done at the Pillar of housing or new

industrial plant construction. And not only that, most likely a cable connection box connectivity

distribution has long been found to suffer damage as the connection terminals were loose. If this

situation continues, this will result in a high resistance and voltage distribution box would be too

difficult to get through the source terminal.

        Type of cable is connected from the transformer box reducing the distribution of Amot PVC

type and size of 300mm ² Cable. For the type of cable is connected from the distribution box to

the user terminal pole of PILC and its size is 185mm ². All cables are connected to the

distribution box is a kind of four-core. During the installation of cable distribution box, make

sure the source of the connection cable distribution box is correct. In this PILC cables are color

coded three phases: red, blue, yellow and neutral mark. The real purpose of this color code is to

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avoid the mistakes made in the cause of the connection terminal distribution box.

5.1 Batteries and battery charger

        There are two main types of cell battery used in the sub-station, namely: -

i. Tues Alkalian

ii. Tues sulfuric

        Real battery in a sub-station is as: -

i. Direct current power supply, for example, the voltage of the phone requires 48 Volt DC in a

sub-station.

ii. To provide protection to all in a sub-station is in the control room (Control Room), it is like a

relay or the like. 110volt output voltage of direct current.

        Many batteries are used in a sub-station can not be placed directly into the ground because it

moisturizes and impurities that happen to be outstanding. Otherwise the battery should be placed

into a clean and dry. Two things must be taken into account in the installation of batteries in the

sub-station: -

a) Avoid temperature of the battery in contact with the weather too hot as close to the window.

Temperatures between 10 C to 30 C is best when the battery will operate with a maximum value

of the product and avoid temperatures above 45 C. batteries can operate at lower temperatures if

they are supplied with an electrolyte that has high density. Freezing will not damage the battery.

b) Battery air will produce a mixture of gas (Hydrogen + Oxygen) at the end of the charging

process and the gas will not be eroded. In normal circumstances, the voltage on each cell of

alkalian Tues 1.50volt DC 2:00 sulfuric acid and cell volt direct current. Tests of gas produced is

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reduced. Suction fan installed in the battery room to remove the dirty air in the room.

While the battery is below a minimum level, distilled water should be filled in the battery

so that the distilled water level rose to a maximum extent. Below is how to make the processing

of sulfuric acid cell batteries and cell alkalian acid: -

a) Tues sulfuric acid.

i. Containers such as bins are provided for mixing the sulfuric acid and distilled water.

ii. Distilled water and then inserted into the barrel gently mixed into sulfirik acid.

iii. After sulfuric acid and distilled water is added, testing "Specific Gravity" is included in the

mixture. Normal readings taken was 50% in hydro test meter.

        For the manufacturing processing methods alkalian Tues, it is the same process Tues

alkalian acid. This difference is due to the alkalian Tues of solid material. During the making

process alkalian Tues, a total of 10 Kg alkalian mixed with distilled water. Mixture of distilled

water with alkalian iitu of 30 to 35 liters.

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PORJECT 6

CONSUMER SERVICES

        In consumer services, it includes the service connection, the meter including meter reading,

the standby when there is any damage and the bill.

6.1 Service connection

        Service is always made by TNB usually headed by a technician who experienced to ensure

the connection works smoothly. In this section, they install a line to a home user or factory

depending on the applicant. The purpose of extension is to provide energy to the applicant,

including low voltage 240 volt line and 415 volt line medium.

        

Users who want to use the connection from the TNB, the wiring must have a license from

the electricity department in advance. Services provided include installing the connection line to

a new area, install a line that has been damaged, adding the installation of power lines and

distribution lines to homes of the applicant.

6.2 Procedures to apply for service connection

Procedures to apply for continuation of services is as follows: -

i. The applicant must obtain approval from the Department of Electricity (JBE).

ii. JBE will issue licenses for the wiring if the application is approved and meets the conditions

set.

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iii. Sabah Electricity Sdn. Ltd. To issue the application form to be completed by the applicant.

iv. The applicant must include the documents required and the individual applicant, the plan

included peril while the application by the companies such as business license must be included.

v. Applications will be processed by SESB and form a complete and sufficient conditions to be

approved by the engineer.

vi. Upon approval, an estimate of the cost of connection is made and the user should pay

according to the estimated cost.

       

        Prior to joining costs estimated, TNB will ensure the connection location requested by the

applicant in advance. Then, the plan size of the connection is made to facilitate the estimation of

cable length and number of columns to be used in the connection. For connections that require

longer cables is less than 50 meters, the cost of installation is free and the fee will be charged for

the installation if the cable is 50 meters long.

        In addition to the cost of cable, the cost of the column is taken into account and price

columns are different depending on the type column is used. After all installation is complete,

the SESB will ensure that service connection is made immediately. Normally, the installation

work was taken over by the contractors registered with the TNB.

        The TNB will responsible after the installation is complete. Therefore, testing the wiring

will be made by the TNB to ensure that wiring made safe stuff used by consumers and by the

rules and regulations.

       

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 When there is damage on the wiring caused by natural disasters such as rain, rush, etc.,

the TNB responsible for repairing the damage without charging any fee. On the other hand, if

damage caused by the negligence of the user, then the fee will be charged to repair the affected

user.

6.3 How Connecting Cable

        Connecting cables are usually made by the feet, hands SESB. This work will be done if the

cable is damaged as a result of the severe short-circuit. Cable jointing work is carried out when

the conversion work and connection cable connection to the new terminal be done. There are

several ways a normal cable connection is.

i. 3 Core Straigth Through Joint.

ii. Single Core Straigth Through Joint

iii. 3 Core To 3 Single Core.

iv. Cable Termination.

v. Termination To Cable Box.

vi. Cable Termination For Indoor And Outdoor.

        

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6.4 Termination Cable

        There are also discussing the provision of cable or the end (cable termination). To

terminaton, it is usually connected to line up to supply voltage to the user's four lines of red (R),

yellow (Y), blue (B) and neutral (N) with a phase to phase voltage of 415V and 250V phase to

earth. karekteristiknya are:

6.4.1 Termination cable in PPU

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6.5 Termination to cable box

        The following is the preparation of the cable is placed in the cable box is connected to the

switchgear and bushing in the cable box. It's called heat insulation Shringkable Bushing Boots.

This is the type of high voltage cable termination for the 11kV to 33KV.

6.6 Termination cable for outdoor and indoor

        This illustrated work is the provision of cable termination for outdoor and indoor in which it

is provided with simple tubeshrink (heatshrinkable cable termination). Here is characteristic

cable:

        

        Type - For three-core belted paper insulated cable MIND

                      (Cable insulation types of paper).

        Voltage - 11kV to 33kV

Here will be described on the cable matters, preparation and method development.

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CONCLUSION

Overall, the training industry that I follow in the TNB Pontian for 10 weeks starting from

April 26, 2010 to July 2, 2010 has benefited me. Industry training has given me the opportunity

to gain experience and learn new things which I had never experienced before.

       

 In the Industrial Training, I have a lot of technicians, assisted by technicians and

engineers in certain parts. With their help and guidance, industrial training I have become really

provide the knowledge and experience in many areas. In addition, I also understand the role and

connection to the public especially TNB.

        

Industry Training has also been revealed to me that the real work environment lam. After

attending the training industry, I realized that the working environment is very broad and covers

many aspects of life. During the period of industrial training, much like the grief and not about

the things I have confronted the challenge.

        

Moreover, this Industry Training has helped me prepare the future of work. Any guidance

given to me has opened my mind and helped me become more mature, especially in making

things and facing a critical situation. Moreover, this Industry Training has given me a clear

picture about the work they do.

        

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So I hope this training will continue as industry and government agencies and private

sector will continue to assist by providing an opportunity for students to undergo industrial

training in their agencies.

PROBLEMS AND SUGGESTION

Company comments

There are weaknesses that I found when I have a Industrial Training  the Company TNB is as

follows:

I. TNB not allow our engineers to work with heavy work because of fear that students will suffer

injury.

II. The TNB should know the student is covered by the insurance.

Proposal for the company

Here I would like to submit some proposals to the company that can help students to achieve

100% real objective of training:

I. TheTNB should provide allowances to trainees so that trainees feel valued and to reduce the

burden on students.

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II. The TNB should provide certificates to the trainees to verify the student has to undergo

industrial training at the company.

Proposal for the university

I. The University should be discussed with the company TNB to gain insight about the exercise

undertaken by the company based on the field, followed by the students before Industrial training

conducted.

II. The management training industry should give some idea about the place of training students

to prepare and find work to be done.

III. The University should choose places with the training necessary for students to undergo

industrial training appropriate to the field of study at the University.

46

REFERENCES

1. Note from ILSAS (Institut Latihan Sultan Ahmad Shah)

2. Staff TNB Pontian

3. Tenaga Nasional Berhad. 2009. http://www.tnb.com.my/cms/uploadfile/Annual%20Report/TNB_AR2008.pdf.

4. . Thomson Financial Business. http://www.alacrastore.com/company-snapshot/Tenaga_Nasional_Bhd-1052748.

5. The Story Of Electricity - Central Electricity Board (CEB)". Tenaga Nasional Berhad. http://www.tnb.com.my/tnb/abus_his2.htm.

6. TNB Generation Division". Tenaga Nasional Berhad. 2004. http://www.tnb.com.my/tnb/bus_gen.jsp.

7. TNB Plans To Increase Hydropower Generation". Bernama. Bernama. 2009-05-22. http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsindex.php?id=412941

8. TNB Awaits Govt Decision To Commission First Nuclear Power Plant By 2025". Christine Lim. Bernama. 2009-05-25. http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsbusiness.php?id=413588.

9. ^ "TNB Distribution Division". Tenaga Nasional Berhad.

http://www.tnb.com.my/tnb/bus_dis.htm.

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APPENDIX

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