Guozheng LiDepartment of Biology, School of Arts and

SciencesUniversity of Kentucky, US

E-mail: gli4@uky.edu

Energy Crisis around the worldImbalance distribution of fossil resources of the worldLarge oil demand with rapid growth rate

Demand

Supply

conflict

Current situation in ChinaLack of oil and gas, abundant in coal

(Imbalance in sorts and distribution)High output with rapid growth (Excessive

use, running out sooner)Net importer country of oil with foreign

dependence as high as 40% (Energy security)

% Oil Gas Coal

Resource 2.7 0.9 15.0

Output 4.2 1.5 33.5

Proven fossil resource and output in China (proportion in the world)

Strategy to the challengeSaving energy and sustainable development education, government policy et al.Seeking alternative oil products and new energy

Solar Energy

Wind Energy

Nuclear Energy

Geothermal Energy

Three Gorges Project – A project of century

Panoramic on Three Gorges Project

Air view of Three Gorges Project

Long term Project - a 17 years programThe largest hydro - junction among the worldBenefits - flood control, energy genesis, pollution

control, shipping improvement

Change our view…

Un-utilizable

1. Saving (decreasing used amount)

2. Increasing utilization ratio

Finding new energy

Limited!

Hard!!

Change waste into wealth

Feasible!!!

A special case – agriculture residues

 

Agriculture Residues 700 Million Tons/year in China

Waste or a sort of energy (Biomass)?

Field burningThis technique is used to clear the land of any existing crop residue as well as kill weeds and weed seeds. Field burning is less expensive than most other methods such as herbicides or tillage but because it does produce smoke and other fire related pollutants, its use is not popular in agricultural areas bounded by residential housing. In the United States, field burning is a legislative and regulatory issue at both the federal and state levels of government.

Problems caused by Field burning

Environmental pollution

Potential Dangers of Safety

e.g. Forest fire, Traffic accidents et al.

Waste energy resource

Straw Refining and benefitsUniversity of Science and Technology of China

(USTC) got new breakthroughs in technology on biomass refining on June 27th, 2007.

Refining straw, wood chips, corn stalk, cotton stalk into bio-oil, and oil production rate is more than 50%, including wood oil production rate more than 60%.

Benefits on multiple aspects: economical value environment protection energy utilization

Process of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis

Drying

Char separation

Comminution

Fast pyrolysis

Liquid recovery

Flowchart of biomass fast pyrolysis system

Feeding

Biomass Pyrolysis Apparatus(1) The optimal pyrolysis

temperature for different biomass is different, but all work well at 450~550℃.

(2) The yields of bio-oil for forest wastes and residues are 60~70 wt%, and for agriculture wastes and residues 50~60 wt%.

(3) The caloric values of bio-oil from all kinds of biomass are almost 16.0~18.0 MJ/kg.

Properties and Elemental Composition of the Liquid Fuels

Properties From rice husk From sawdust From mixture

H2O (wt%) 25.2 19.0 20.7

pH 2.8 2.1 2.6

Density (kg/m3) 1190 1300 1255

Viscosity (mm2/s)

128 240 156

LHV (MJ/kg) 17.42 18.2 17.4

C (wt%) 41.7 53.5 46.5

H (wt%) 7.7 6.4 7.3

O (wt%) 50.3 40.2 49.8

N (wt%) 0.3 0.2 0.2

S (wt%) 0.2 0.1 0.1

Combustion of Bio-oil

Boiler ： 250x2500Bio-oil ： 60kg/hTemperature: ≥1500℃

Demo Plant of Fast Pyrolysis A demo-plant with capacity

of 3000 tons of bio-oil per year, located at Shushan Industry Park, Hefei, has been built on March, 2007.

The process of pyrolysis is auto-thermal.

The feedstock is rice husk. The cost of bio-oil is less

than ￥ 1000 per ton. The bio-oil is mainly used

as fuel oil in industry.

Synthesis of Gasoline

Syngas

Fe/Cu/Al/KFe/Cu/Al/K

1.5 MPa, 300 1.5 MPa, 300 ℃℃

Gasoline

Synthesized Gasoline

0 40 800

40

80

C8

C21C20C19C18C17C16C15C14C13C12C11C10C9

C7

C6

C5

C4

DistributiDistributionof onof

carbon carbon number number

in in the the

synthesizesynthesized productsd products

Bio-oil

Carbon + Gas Product

Biomass Syngas

Chemicals

Methanol Gasoline

Pyrolysis

Reforming

Isolating

Synthesis

Supply energy for pyrolysis

By-products

Strategy of Using Biomass

AcknowledgementDr. Qingxiang Guo (Anhui Key Laboratory for Biomass

Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China)Xixi Wei (School of Life Sciences, University of Science and

Technology of China)

Most of the pictures in this document are provided and reserved by Biomass Clean Energy Laboratory, USTC.

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