Spatially intensive monitoring of spring Spatially intensive monitoring of spring phenology near the WLEF tower:phenology near the WLEF tower:

Preliminary results from the Preliminary results from the 2006 field campaign2006 field campaign

Liang Liang and Mark SchwartzLiang Liang and Mark Schwartz

U. Wisconsin MilwaukeeU. Wisconsin Milwaukee

BackgroundBackground

Phenology Reveals Climate Change Phenology Reveals Climate Change Indicator of Biospheric Responses Indicator of Biospheric Responses Living Organisms as MonitorsLiving Organisms as Monitors Sensitive and Easily ObservableSensitive and Easily Observable Connects to Ecosystem ExchangeConnects to Ecosystem Exchange Satellite Approach Calls for Ground Satellite Approach Calls for Ground

TruthingTruthing

Location of Study SiteLocation of Study Site

Intensive Monitoring StratagemIntensive Monitoring Stratagem Spatially: 3/7 cyclic sampling; 25m unit of Spatially: 3/7 cyclic sampling; 25m unit of

separating distance; 300m×600m Areaseparating distance; 300m×600m Area

Intensive Monitoring StratagemIntensive Monitoring Stratagem

Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat.29-Apr

30 1-May 2 3 4 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25 26 2728 29 30 31

Temporally: Bi-day observation, 15 Observations Temporally: Bi-day observation, 15 Observations in 1 month period.in 1 month period.

Phenology ProtocolsPhenology ProtocolsPhenological Protocol for Deciduous Trees and Balsam Fir, Spring 2006

Code Deciduous Pheno_Phase Percentage Balsam Fir Pheno_Phase Code0 No Bud Visible No Bud Visible 0

100 Bud Visible <10% Bud Visible 100110 Bud Visible 10~50% Bud Visible 110150 Bud Visible 50~90% Bud Visible 150190 Bud Visible >90% Bud Visible 190200 Bud Swollen <10% Bud Swollen 200210 Bud Swollen 10~50% Bud Swollen 210250 Bud Swollen 50~90% Bud Swollen 250290 Bud Swollen >90% Bud Swollen 290300 Bud Open(leaf visible) <10% Bud Open(candle visible) 300310 Bud Open(leaf visible) 10~50% Bud Open(candle visible) 310350 Bud Open(leaf visible) 50~90% Bud Open(candle visible) 350390 Bud Open(leaf visible) >90% Bud Open(candle visible) 390400 Leaf Out(not full unfolded) <10% Candle Out(not unfolded) 400410 Leaf Out(not full unfolded) 10~50% Candle Out(not unfolded) 410450 Leaf Out(not full unfolded) 50~90% Candle Out(not unfolded) 450490 Leaf Out(not full unfolded) >90% Candle Out(not unfolded) 490500 Full Leaf Unfolded <10% Needles Unfolding from Candle 500510 Full Leaf Unfolded 10~50% Needles Unfolding from Candle 510550 Full Leaf Unfolded 50~90% Needles Unfolding from Candle 550590 Full Leaf Unfolded >90% Needles Unfolding from Candle 590600 Leaf Expansion Size<25% of Full625 Leaf Expansion Size=25%~50%650 Leaf Expansion Size=50%~75%675 Leaf Expansion Size>75% of Full

Preliminary ResultsPreliminary Results

Premise 1Premise 1: : Phenology varies with Phenology varies with microclimate (To be studied)microclimate (To be studied)

Premise 2Premise 2: : Phenology varies among speciesPhenology varies among species (preliminary results)(preliminary results)

Premise 3Premise 3: : Phenology varies within speciesPhenology varies within species (Preliminary results)(Preliminary results)

Variation among SpeciesVariation among Species

Interspecific Phenology

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

119 121 123 124 126 128 130 133 135 137 139 141 143 145 147

Day of Year

Ph

eno

log

y C

od

e Aspen

Maple

Alder

Birch

Fir

Variation within SpeciesVariation within Species

Aspen Phenology 2006

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

119 121 123 124 126 128 130 133 135 137 139 141 143 145 147

DOY

Ph

en

oC

od

e

Variation Within SpeciesVariation Within SpeciesAt the Same PlotAt the Same Plot

Aspen Phenology at A3 plot

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

119 121 123 124 126 128 130 133 135 137 139 141 143 145 147

Day of Year

Ph

eno

-co

de

A3#1

A3#2

Aspen Phenology at C4 plot

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

119 121 123 124 126 128 130 133 135 137 139 141 143 145 147

Day of Year

Ph

eno

-co

de

C4#1

C4#3

HOBO MeasurementsHOBO Measurements

Record Temperature and RH every 10 minRecord Temperature and RH every 10 min Deployed on April 22, Recovered on May 27 Deployed on April 22, Recovered on May 27 32 HOBOs to 15 plots (with doubling or 32 HOBOs to 15 plots (with doubling or

tripling)tripling) Random sampling trying to capture major Random sampling trying to capture major

variation of different microenvironmentsvariation of different microenvironments

MicroenvironmentsMicroenvironments

Aspen and Cedar As IndicatorsAspen and Cedar As Indicators

HOBO ResultsHOBO Results

C06 HOBO700 Temperatures

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

22 24 26 28 29 1 3 4 6 8 10 11 13 15 16 18 20 22 23 25 27

Time

Tem

p C

elsi

ou

s

C01 HOBO364 Temperatures

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

22 24 26 28 29 1 3 4 6 8 10 11 13 15 16 18 20 22 23 25 27

Time

Tem

p C

elsi

us

5 HOBOs failed a few days later, 7 others failed 5 HOBOs failed a few days later, 7 others failed around May 12 during a snowstorm.around May 12 during a snowstorm.

Woks To Be DoneWoks To Be Done

Further comparison and spatially analyzing Further comparison and spatially analyzing phenology and HOBO data.phenology and HOBO data.

Adding soil type variation as an influencing factor.Adding soil type variation as an influencing factor. Incorporating elevation data for further microclimate Incorporating elevation data for further microclimate

characterization characterization Producing continuous microclimate and phenology Producing continuous microclimate and phenology

data surfacesdata surfaces Building relationship between the in-situ observation Building relationship between the in-situ observation

and satellite measures (MODIS, cloud problems)and satellite measures (MODIS, cloud problems)