Straps & Jfatts.We regret to learn that Alexander

Noble, a youth of about 15 years of a?e andthe oldest son of Mr. A. Noble, of our District,was accidentally drowned, on Fridaylast, the 27th ult., in the Savannah river.He was oat fishing alone ; and is supposedto have fallen out of the batteau..IndependentPress.

It is stated that the British Governmenthave directed the ascent of the riverNiger by a screw steamer annually for thenext five years, in order to obtain a purfectknowledge of the course and sources of thisfamous stream. The French have two screw

. steamers; one, the Aquitine, of 700 tons

burthen, actively engaged in the navigationof the Senegal. On her first trip, she ascendedthat river with GOO tons of goods and10(f tons of coal, and safely returned with- *.11 /..mi iri ol.-ine nnd nthprtt 1UII UUI^V \J I ^UUIj nurtj WAfcAMW MMW

articles.Tho Indiana Senate have passed to a

second reading a bill providing that everyperson who shall desire to indulge in thedrinking of spirituous or malt liquors shallprocure a yearly license or permit from thedork of the court.the clerk to keep a registryof all persons who may apply for permits.All fines or violations of the law to

go to benevolent institutions; all personswho shall sell to persons who have no permissionto drink to be fined in heavy suras,&c. The reading of the bill was receivedwith considerable mirth.

We were pained, yesterday, to learnof the sudden death of Captain ThomasPetigrue, late of the United States Navy.He was on his plantation, in Abbeville District, when he was attacked with a somewhatsevere indisposition on Monday last, andthough he rallied and there were hopes ofhis speedy recovery, he died at about 5o'clock on Friday morning. He was one ofthose who suffered under the action of thelate board for improving the efficiency of theNavy, and has not survived the opportunity-ofinvoking justice..Charleston Standard." The Queen of England's Head Dresshas 20 diamonds in a circle, worth 87500each.two large ones worth 810,000 each ;four diamond crosses in the same worth SG0,000;four large diamonds on the tops of thecrosses worth 8200,000; twelve others in

flcurs de lis worth 850,000; eighteen smallones also worth 810,000; pearls and diamondson the crosses aud arches worth 850,000;

141 small diamonds worth 82500; 26diamonds in the upper cross worth 81500;two circles of pearls which are worth 815,000.All these stones are set in gold, andcost aside from the precious metal 8559,500.

If a gentleman wants a wife, he wears

a ring on the firet finger of the left hand;if he is engaged, he wears it on the secondlinger; if married, on the third ; and on thefourth, if he never intends to get married.When a lady is not engaged she wears a diamondring on her first finger; if engaged,ou the second; if married, on the third; andon the fourth, if she intends to be a maid.When a gentleman presents a fan, a flower,or trinkets to a lady, with the left hand, this,on his part, is an overture of regard ; should

...ahe receive it with the left hand, is consideredas an acceptance of his esteem; butif with the right hand, it is a refusal of theoffer. Thu3 by a few simple tokens, explainedby rule, the passion of love is expressed-

President Pierce has, during hi* termof office, been a regular attendant at the Fourand-a-half street Presbyterian Church. LastSabbath was a remarkably fine day. Thecrowd in the city attended church with our

citizens. The Four-and-a-half street Churchwas very much crowded ; all the pews in thehouse were filled at an early hour except theone occupied by the President. He came

in as the service began. Rev. Mr. Sunderland,the pastor, in the course of his sermon,took occasion to address the Presideut. Healluded to the great dignity to which he hadbeen called as President of this great nation;of the success of his administration ; of thecessation of popular clamor, and the prosperityof the nation of which he had beenthe head; and alluding, feelingly, with tears,to the sorrow of that church and the peopleat large at the departure of the Presidentfrom among us. A solemn stillness andmany tears bore witness to the truthful statement..Wushington Union.

Iftrrington Thomas, an eccentric andwitty collegian, of former days, from Georgetown,in this State, or its vicinity, was arraignedbefore the Faculty of the South CarolinaCollege, for killing the dog of some citizen

of Columbia. On being brought up tothe Bull Ring, as the students familiarlytermed the bar of collegiate justice, Thomasrespectfully asked permission to make his defence

; and the privilege having been accordedhim, he addressed the Faculty as follows: "Mr. President and gentlemen ofthe Faculty! As I was taking one of mynocturnal perambulations, for the better

- > 1*1 T 1. C uL.

preservation ot my neaun, x met one ui tue

canine species, who made an attack upon myoutward tabernacle, and lacerated my pedestals;whereupon, I drew forth one of those

cylindrical instruments, which were invented

by man, for his better defence against thehostility of his neighbor, and excoriated the

epidermis of his pericranium ?" This unexpectedand humorous defence was followedby an explosion of laughter from the

College dignitaries, and the waggish culpritwas dismissed with impunity.

The President elect reached this cityat five o'clock yesterday afternoon, accompaniedby his niece, Miss Lane, and othermembers of his family, and also Gov. Porter,Win. B. Fondney, Eskridge Lane, (his nephew,)and Wm. Carpenter, Esq., and also,the Hon. John C. Breckinridge, the VicePresidentelect, and wife. Information thatthis distinguished party might be looked forin that traiu having been received by theUnited States Marshal of the District ofColumbia, rather thau in the one to arrivetwo or three hours later, he was met at theWashington depot with an open baroucheand four, in which, unaccompanied, exceptby his immediate family, he drove to his

quarters at the National Hotel. We presumethat this becoming and characteristicsimplicity and unostentatious entrance into

Washington was planned by himself. Hisguard of honor, the Lancaster Fencibles,and other friends who flocked round him,booked for Washington, we take it for granted

were duly escorted from Baltimore to

these diggins by the guards of honor thatleft Washington at an early hour yesterdaymorning, especially to bear His Excellencycompany over the tedious route from Baltimore

here.. Washington (Star.

C|e§0rkbilIe inquirer

EDITKl) BY

SAM'L W. MELTON JOHN L. MILLER.J. H. BLACK.

YORKVILLE, S. C.

THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 12, 1857.

COURT CALENDAR.NORTHERN CIRCUIT.SPRING TERM, 1857.

nnmrrnikT n»T'flIVJ^l VXVil 1/AIUI

UnioD, Saturday, February, 14.

York, ""21.

Lancaster, "" 28.

Chester, " March, 7.

Fairfield, ."" 14.

SITTINGS OP COURT, e

Union, Monday, March, 2.York," u......... 9.

Lancaster "" 1G.Chester ""23.Fairfield, ""30.

£<3?* As usual, the incidents and accidents of

Court week have sufficed to deter us from the perpetrationof our accustomed quantum of editorial.

This must be so; and wc can only promise that,for the future, we will endeavor to make ampleamends.Much of the vacant space has been given to

President Buchanan's Inaugural Address. It will

be read with interest ; not for anything new or

striking or particularly excellent therein, but simplybecause it is Mr. Buchanan's Inauguinl. We

have no quarrel to make with it. As a specimenof English style, the reader will think it quiteordinary: as a political disquisition, entirelycommonplace;

as a decleration of the principles whichare to shape and control the conduct of the administration,it is plain, direct and, in the main,in accordance with the doctrine of the Southern

Democracy. Read the Inaugural, and glanceover the names in the Cabinet, and you will be

willing, we think, to yield, with us, a ready and

confident support to " the powers that be."

COURT WEEK.The Spring Terra of Court began its session, for

this District, on Monday last., Judge Wiutneb

presiding.Thus far nothing has occurred worthy ofspecial

mention. Several True Bills, of minor importance.were returned by the Grand Jury, and three

cases of Retailing without Licence were presen** " " ..;ilted t>y tliem 101' proSCCUWUH. xuc vuun ,,m

probably coruinue during the entire week.

The following Jurors are in attendance:Grand Jiiiy: John Roddey, Esq., Foreman;

Robert Stearns, Jno. T. Harper, Moses Gordon,J. B. Jackson, J. N. Lcssly, Wm, Burris, jr.,Jno. Garrison, J. F. Carotliers, R. W. Wilson,Hugh Drenan, II. P. White, Daniel Nivcns, LeanderDobson, J. G. Templcton, J. II. Hill, JohnDover, Isaac T. Paries, Jno. S. Ashe, William S.Moore

Petit Jury, No. 1 : Alexauder Fewell, Foreman; Win. Cowan, W. D. Simril, James Fitcbctt,Cupt. W. J. Furies, Andrew ITalfner, A. D. Choat,Robert Brown, J. W. Youngblood, Wni. Barry,Richard Sadler.

Jury, No. 2: Archibald Steele, Foreman ;Smith Sanders, II. Ilugans. R. E. Gettys. R. II.Whiseuant, B. T. Smith, Thos. K. Mc Knight,Matthew Ilarper, J. G. Stephenson, John Whise-nant, Andrew E. Black, 2. D. Smith.Talesmen : D. R. Jackson, Jere. Moss, B.

D. Rowell, L. P. Brandon, Thos. C. Burris, Jas.S. Jones, Robert Collier, Zimri Young, T. P.Black, A. J. McGill, John Ilammell, Myles Smith, !Miles Johnson, Calvin Whiseuant.

. <«»m

CONVICTION OP PRICE,Our readers will, perhaps recollect thai, some j

eighteen months ago, James A. Price, was putupon trial at Union for the murder of a man

named IIccues, in the far-famed "Pea-Ridge"country. In consequence of the illness of one ofthe jurors, a mis-trial was had. Bcforo the set- jting of the next term, Price escaped from prisonand made his way to Tennessee, where he remain-1ed until last December. He was then apprehend-ed, brought back to Union jail, again put upontrial, last week, and found guilty. The sentence

of the Court was stayed by the motiou of his conn-

sel, Messrs. IIkrndon and Bono, for a new trial, Iwhich will be determined in the Court of Appeals, |in May.

FOREIGN ITEMS.It was rumored that tlie i'ersian irouuies were

nearly settled. The Ncufehatel affair is still nn-

adjusted though another conference is to open in jParis early in March to settle it. The Russiansare waging war with the Circassians and also encroachingupon the Persian territory. The Italianaffairs are still in a confused state, with no

prospect of an improvement. It is rumored thatCanton had been totally destroyed. The priuci-1pal news from France is comments on the speechof the Emperor, to the Legislature. Re speaksenthusiastically of the prosperity of the Empireand its incriasing revenues. His hold 011 Frenchhearts seems more firm and immoveable thanever.

RETURN-DAY IN CHESTER.We learn that the ''Return" in Chester, last

week, footed-up near four hundred cases.most

of them, however, as in our own District, for small"amounts and comparatively worthless. For a

time Chester has appeared to be somewhat "underthe weather"; but the wheel has mndc a turn

for the better, we think.improvements arc in

progress, business more brisk, and men of businessmore confident and reliable. The Court Docketswill be heavier than usual; but lighter than

we had reason to anticipate. So, wc take it, our

neighbors are prospering.ORDINANCE.

We publish in this issue the first Ordinancepassed by our new Council. It treats upon topicsdecidedly interesting to our community, and ought,therefore, to be very carefully studied.

It will be seen that the Council have determinedas far as possible to dispense with the performanceof patrol duty, and to substitute the services

of a reliable marshal. All who are concerned

will notice that the commutation-tax must be

paid on or before the first of April.Mr. Mahtijj Mullinax has been elected Marshal.

A NEW CORRESPONDENT.Wo take pleasure iu publishing a short but

Dointed communication from a valued correspon-dent, who has been rambling among the mountains.While he has his eyes open generally, hehas in special view, the interests of our districtand particularly of Vorkyille. It would be wellfor our merchants 'having eyes, to tee.' We knowthat the impression is abroad that our merchants

do not {**y exorbitant prices, but we think itrather an assumed than a substantiated fact. But

bo that as it may, the unfavorable impression isabroad and it would bo well for our merchants to

exhibit their enterprising spirit and make new

endeavors to woo back the trade to our market.Their own interests and the reputation of the village

require this at their hands.The character of its schools, its morality and

j urbanity, have already given it a popularityabroad, and wore the wise heads of the place laid

togther, some effective plan would be suggestedto resuscitate its trade I give new life and energyto its drooping commercial interests. But our

country friends need not fear the ghost of Intem|perance. The pallid spectre may still haunt our

streets for a season but under the spreading wingsof Temperance, industry, frugalit}' and contentmentwill cast a beam of tranquility and happiness

over our beautiful village. We should liketo receive more frequent visits from our correspondent.We should state, however, that the receipts,

both for passengers and freight, on the KingsMountain Railroad, exhibits a decided increase

over the receipts of the same months in 183C;.thus showing that the trade of Yorkville is improving.

"TIIE BORDER ROVER."We notice that this new work by Emerson Bennett,author of "The Prairie Flower," and other

works, will be issued by the 7th of March, from

the establishment of T. B. Peterson, Philadelphia.Copies of the work will be sent free of postage to

any part of the United States, on receipt of OneDollar.

im, .

"I, N1L.ES JOHNSTON PIlave you called on Miles Johnston, the indefatigable

saddle and harness maker? lie has on

hand a fine assortment of everything in his lineof business, for he is a tcmporauce advocate andwide awake. Call and sec hiin, nearly opposite' Stowe's Hotel."

. .mi . .

THE CABINET.The Cabinet is confirmed, the members of which

are as follows:Lewis Cass, of Michigan, Secretary of State.nowell Cobb, of Georgia, Secretary of the

Treasury.J. B. Floyd, of Virginia, Secretary of War.Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut* jSecrctary of the

Navy.Jacob Thompson, of Mississippi, Secretary of

the Interior.John Black, of Pennsylvania, Attorney General.Aaron V. Brown, of Tennessee, Post Master

General.

EXTRAVAGANCE.Extravagance is the most indubitable characteristicof the present day. That republican sim"' * * -» . 1 1..U

plicitv, wii'.cn orioc auornea our maimers mm n«vits,lifts passed away, and we have entered on a

now career of action in which wealth is the onlysecurity of success, and display and magnificence,the summum bonum of human wishes. Thoughwe have no titled nobility, we are fast tending to

that evil. Luxuriant banquets, gorgeous pageantsand extravagant displays, rivalling the

princely splendor of Lucullus and Crassus, arc

ujw the rage at Washington. It is an easy matterto account for the necessity of raising the salariesof cur Congressmen, and also to understand why;not contented with tLis precedent of insubordination

to republican principles, they must make a

speculation out of the appropriations, made ostensiblyfor other purposes. But the same spiritof extravagance pervades the whole country. It

divides us into castes almost as effectually as thefiat of law could do. Such are the facts; aud

what are to be the inevitable consequences ? Thefirst result is an inordinate desire to accumulatewealth, permeating all the lower classes, in orderto rise from the democratic ranks into that wherewealth is the sole requisite to distinction. This

accounts for that fierce passion formoney-makingwhich presses the American people on at such nil

impetuous velocity. Whenever the open Sesame to

rank ami distinction is placed exclusively withinthe reach of the usurious, the corrupt, and unprincipled.'Whose ancient but ignoble blood,lias coursed through scoundrels ever since the

flood,"the natural consequence is, that cur highest rankswill be but the "guinea stamp," and the lower,while striving to climb to an equality, will likewise

emulate their vices, and thus we will not

even have in reserve, a virtuous yeomanry, on

which to fall back, when profligacy, corruptionanil extravagance, shall have emasculated the

wealthy nobility.This effect is not yet visible, but wc can sec

omens foreshadowing this result, and prominentamong these, is the emigration from the AtlanticStates, westward. The expense of living decently

and respectably (which note means extravagantly)is so onorous and burdensome, that manyarc flying to the unsophisticated west, to escapefrom this moral pestilence and to find once more

in the primeval forests."God's first temples".a refuge from the conventionalities and artificial

nothings of fashionable life. Hut in a few years,the tide of corruption will invade the rural simplicity

of the Western States,"As wealth accumulates and men decay,"

until at last, enervated by luxury and our fastidioustastes, disgusted at the purity, temperance

and artlessncss of natural life, we will sink into

epicures, and will leave but a monument of our

greatness, on the gorgeous page of some futureGibbon.

A RAMBLE IN TIIE COUNTRY.

Cowpcr but expressed the common sentiment ofmankind when he said,"God made the country and man made the town."However, we may, like the business and excitementof town-life there arc moments when wc

wish to fly to the country and under the bracinginfluence of the country air and in view of the

pleasant prospects of the tidy farms and quietdwellings, embosomed in natural groves, to forgetihe bustle and confusion, the straight streets andnarrow pavements of the town and the busy countenancesand enger looks of merchants and lawyers,

and sharpers. Besides we not only escapefrom the dull routine of every day, but surrounded

by fair landscapes.God's own workmanship.and meeting fair ruddy maidens, pleasant withoutaffection nnd beautiful without pretence, we

feel new and nobler emotions rise in ourbosoms.emotions of love for the natural and the true.

On Saturday last we paid a flying visit to theUnion Division of the "Sons" in company withMiles Johnson, the enterprising saddle and harness

maker. The division, although but one

month old, already numbers about thirty members,and on Saturday last several ladies were

initiated to give a new zest to a flourishing cause

u.vprv onternrise must flourish over which woraar

sheds her "sclectest influences." Whether she b<the Apostle of truth or error, her eloquence hever successful."All orators are dumb wher

beauty pleadeth." And it is truly encouraginjto see her exerting her potent influence in the promotion of a cause, the object of which, is to ele

vate the morality and contribute to the happinesiof mankind. It is peculiarly to her interest t<

remove the evils of Intemperance. For the ine

briate neither respects her feelings, appreciates her worth, nor cherishes for her those geniehome-embalmed affections, which inspire so man^elevated frying", Wtysspirafions amTundefiled,pleasurable emotions. We never see a victim oi

the grog-shop, but what the image of a care-worn,

sorrowing wife presents itself, looking wistfulljfrom her cottage window for the returning footstep,

or of a lone sister "bending fjiir within heilocks" over the miniature of a father or brotheiWho fills a drunkards grave. Desolate daughtersof humanity, pease weeping over the frailties ol

man and make him feel ?'Thy love is better thai

wine"! Bind up his wounded feelings, scattei

along his path the flowers of domestic life whose

purifying fragrance shall sanctify the "palace of

the soul" nnJ cast around him that potent spellwhichmakes him feel, even in this gloomy world,a foretaste of the felicity of heaven,

j No true friend of humanity can witness without

pleasure the piospcrity of the "Sons" in our dis|trict. The progress of the cause, speaks eloqticntjly in praise of the intelligence and morality ofour district. May it continue to prosper untilevery portion is enrolled under the "banner of

light"!SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE.

We are under obligations to one of tho officersof the College, for a copy of the catalogue for1857 ; and we arc gratified to learn front an ncl11--4 ll... tl.n P.11o.rnuuiupu^ illg IIVIC IUUI IUC UUIHIO v» wwnijjv

are in a healthy and flourishing condition. Thenumber of students in attendance is 158.notconsiderably below the average.The College has, during the last four years, pas;

sed through a searching and fiery ordeal, whichwould test the strength and try the stability ofthe most highly endowed institution in the land,The wonder is, that it has not been involved inutter ruin.that one stone in the consecratedstructure stands upon another to be a witness stillof the far-reaching wisdom, the public spirit andthe liberality of our people. All the auspices ofher permanent success arc auspicious; the Facultyis complete, ahle, and at work ; and the popularclamor has well-nigh, and, we trust, forever,subsided. The subjoined paragraph is taken fromthe note to which we have alluded:. »

."Oar numbers are only fourteen less than thoseof last year ; but as our Junior Class is small andthe internal affairs of the College in every respectsatisfactory, I confidently anticipate that our next

Catalogue will show a larger number of studentsthan we have had in several years. I am gratifiedto be able to say that the diligence and order inthe College arc in every respect satisfactory : andthat the new Professors are at their posts, earnest,industrious and successful. Believing that our

cherished Institution was never more deserving ofthe patronage and confidence of the public, nndthe support of the Slate, I look forward to itscontinued prosperity iu spite of the difficultieswhich attended the commencement of the presentadministration."

EXPLANATORY.In commenting upou our article in regard to

the struggle now pending in the. Ninety-Sis District,Col. Simkins, the editor of the Advertiser,writes thus:.

"It is indeed to be regretted, that anythingshould have been done in this matter until thehonored remains of our dead Congressman hadbeen deposited in their last resting-place. Vet,while admitting thus much, we must be allowedto deny that the people of the 4th CongressionalDistrict were in any wise insensible to their grievousloss in the melancholy death of Mr. Brooks.Be deny that the friends of those gentlemen,"whose names h ive been announced as candidatesfor his vacant seat, were not as keenly alive as

others to this painful calamity. In especial, we

deny ( ourself) that any such announcementattaches to us the gross charge of inhumanity,or even of any shadow cf disrespect to the memoryof the deceased. However it may be with others,wc are not indifferent to the good opinion of our

co-laborers of tho South Carolina press ; and we

respectfully ask thrsc members of it who have so

sweepingly commented upon this matter to readthe few last numbers of the Advertiser, and judgeof us by that record."As far as our fraud's remarks apply to himself,

they arc conclusive, and, without record, entirelysatisfactory; and we take pleasure in bearingwitness from the record to the very high and delicate

sense of propriety which has evidently markedhis course in regard to the congressional election.

These words of just commendation wouldhave been written at the outset; but, to tell the

truth, when wc pennod our article the editor ofthe Advertiser was not present to our mind. Wc

knew, of course, that ho w.is not privy to his ownnomination; and we know equally well that, underthe circumstances, he would not consent to

become a candidate.But in regard to others, wc must be permitted

to indulge oar opinion, it is merely a niaucr 01

opinion.to be determine 1 only by the conduct ofthe parties; and, although the Advertiser's means

of information are better than ours, we must continueto think that if the people of the fourth Congressional

District were as keenly alive as othersto the painful calamity which has just befallenthem, they might have chosen a method of manifestingsuch heavy grief more in accordance with

good taste. Tiiere was not the slightest necessityfor such hot haste; and to our mind it argued

a condition of public sentiment which we thought,and think, demands bold, direot and painted criticism.

In this connection, wc arc tempted to copy severalparagraphs from n late number of the Advertiser,which will serve completely to place its accomplished

editor rectus in curia, and at the sametime recommend him, in several particulars, to

the good opinion of our readers. Referring to hisnomination, he saysj

"Kind friends (gentlemen of prominenoo andinilueiiec) have been pleased to place our name

before the public as a candidate for a seat in CouIgress. Others,.some of greater merit than we,and all of equal claims.have also been noraiua!ted by friends of high character and position inour district. Of course, the prospect is one ofdistraction and discord among the people of lidgcIfield. Several citizens of intelligence and probityhave spoken to us, i i terms of deep regret, of thecondition of things which has here so suddenlysprung up. We hnvc felt the force of their opinionaud now act accordingly.

With the most heart felt thanks to our friendsin Edgefield and elsewhere, wc must deciino a

place in the Congressional race r.ow about to oc|cur. If thero is any one thing :a political life wewould avoid more than an other, it is the being inany wise a party to local aud personal dissensionsin the matter of our Federal representation. Ourview is (especially now, with the Sad calamity heforeus which necessitates a view election.) to letit pass off quietly and amicably. If either of thetwo distinguished gentlemen (Col. l'ickcnsor Gov.Hammond,) who have been nominated for the postin question, will accept, we hold It to bo the dutyof their juniors to retire front all opposition tohim. It' not, thero may (and probably will) ensuea scramble. We do uot wish to bo n participantin, or an accessory to, any such contest.

'Wc trust our friends will concur with us inthis appreciation of matters as they stand. Candidly,we prefer the position of an independentSoutn uuronna Jiuiior 10 a piuce iu i/uugrci>:> uu1dor the circumstances.

"WASHINGTON NEWS.! The House passed a bill distributing the surplus. revenue among the States; also appropriating

$235,000 yearly, f;»r five years, for the removal ot' obstructions in the Mississippi River, from the

Belize to Desmoins. A compromise tariff bill hasi passed, reducing the higher schedule to 30 per, cent, and all others to 20 per cent..the free list

being retained in substance. The Senate passedi the army, navy and fortifications appropriation,i with an amendment to army bill, giving to Lt. Gen.f Scott the arrears of pay as claimed. The Ocean' Mail Bill was passed, and also the Civil AppropriationBill, including the Kansas appropriations.

The city is densely crowded. Congress adjourned3 finally at noon, ou the -1th, having ncted on all the

j important appropriations. There was considerableconfusion about the closing stage. The DeficiencyAppropriations bill failed on account of not- receiving the signature of this President.1 The fourth of March was ushered in by the fir'--tiTg"t7fcannon and the ringingof bells. The streets,

balconies and windows were all crowded. Thef Procession is discribed as a magnificent pageant,

consisting of military, political clubs, and vari'ous fire companies. Mr. Buchanan delivered the

Inaugural from a platform erected on the eastern' portion of the Capitol. Chief Justice Taney ad"ministered to him and Mr. Breckenridge the oathi of office. Congress has passed a resolution difreeling medals to be presented to late Dr. Kanei and his Arctic companions.

Just before the adjournment,*Mr. Aiken, of

South Carolina, moved that the thanks of theHouse be tendered to Mr. Banks for the able, impartialand dignified manner in which he dischargediiis duties as Speaker. We think Mr. Aikenmight very appropriately have omitted this exhibitionof his politeness and courtesy. In the firstplace, Mr. Banks was not impartial, and in thesecond place it does not become a representativeof South Carolina to pamper the vanity of a man

whoso principle.) are so notoriously opposed totruth and justice,.An important opinion of the bench was given

in the Supreme Court in the famous ' Ib eJ Scott-'! case. The opinion was. that negroes have no

rights as citizens,under the constitution of theUnited States. The ordinaoe of 1787 is binding,as being the act of the general government, cxjercising powers delegated by the Soverign States' iui iu iiiu iui ni«ki>*uiI \'i wi<_wuuoii i u i ;i'u. u «aa

.likewise the opinion nfthebenoli that the MissouriCompromise was unconstitutional.because 110

such powers were delegated by the States.The Hon. John Appletoti, of Maine succeeds

Judge Nicholson is editor of the Washington Un!ion. In assuming his editorial duties he announceshis determination to support the Buchananadministration.

Tito following are some of the appropriationsmade by the last Congres3. For the Coast Survey$120,000; for the continuation of the CustomHouse, in Charleston, $100,000; for repairs ofFort Sumter, SI00,000, and for fortifications on

the coast of Florida, $048,000. The sum of $30,01)0is appropriate for the survey of the Keys offFlorida coast.

MERE-MENTION.The Rev. David Findley, for years the popular

pastor of the Presbyterian church, Montgomery,Ala., has become a confirmed lunatic. Thesupply of foreign wines promises to be veryshort.the shorter, the hettcr. F. W. Holmeshas been appointed Professor of History in the

University of Virginia. The fifth volume of

Macaulay's admirable history will soon be published.There are in circulation in the UnitedStates, So,000,000 cf Spanish coins. Theloss by their reduction in value ;s about one million.W. Gilmore Simms, the distinguished,poet, novelist, and historian, is now lecturing inNorth Carolina. W. II. Garland, ex-Treasurerof New Orleans, has sued the N. O. Deltafor defamation of character, laying his damagesat $200,000. Col. Augustus M. Smith, ofAbbeville, has been elected Major-General of the1st Division, S. C. SI., vice Gen. SIcGownn, resigned.

Congress has appropriated $50,000to build a Fcdernl Court House and Post Office at

Columbia. R. B. Boylston, Esq., declinestho nomination for State Senator from Fairfield.E. O. Palmer, Esq., and J. M. Rutland, Esq., are

suggested to fill the vacancy. WilliamWaddell,Deputy Post Master at Selmn, Ala., has

been arrested for robbing the mail. J. S.lldch this convicted of forgery last week, in Columbia,

and sentenced to one years imprisonment,thirty-nine lashes, and a fiuc of five dollars.There is a proposition circulating in the papersto purchase by subscription, a Southern home forex-President Pierce.

INAUGURATIONOP

PRESIDENT BUCHANAN.11IS IK.AUGURAL ADDRESS.

Yesterday, the Fourth March, being the day appointedin the Constitution for the induction intooffice of the President elect, the ceremonies of theInauguration wore performed at Washington withunusual heartiness. I3y telegraph we have thefollowing report :

Washington, March 4..The procession startedfor the Capitol about noon. It was very long,nnd presented a beautiful appcaranoo. The militaryof the District and our community were fullyrepresented.

.Messrs. Duchannn and Ilrockenridge, rode inan open carriage surrounded by the Keystone Club,proceeded by the Military and a representation bya lady of the Goddess of Liberty, mounted on a

high platform, drawn by six horses, and followedby a model of a ship-of-war of considerable size,made by the mechanics of the Washington NavyYuid.Then followed the various clubs, engine companies,&c., according to the programme already

published.Mr. Buchanan reached the Capitol about one

P. M., and proceeded to deliver the InauguralAddress.The crowd was immense and the cheering very

enthusiastic.Twenty-four military companies, seven clubs

and associations,and several fire companies participatedin the procession.The oath was administered to Mr. Buchanan

after the reading of the Inaugural.MR BUCHANAN'S INAUGURAL.

Fellow Citizens:.I appear before you this dayto take the solemn oatli that I will faithfully executethe office of President of the United States,and will, to the best of tny ability preserve, protectand defend the Constitution of the UnitedStates. In entering upon this great office, I musthumbly invoke the God of our Fathers for wisdomnuil firmness to execute its high and responsibleduties in such a manner as to restore harmonyand the ancient friendship among the pcnplo ofthe several States, and to preserve our free insti-tntions throughout many generations. Convinoedthat I owe my election to the inherent love for theConstitution und the Uuiou which still animatesthe hearts of the American people, let me earnestlyask their powerful support in sustaining alljust measures calculated to perpetuate these, therichest political blessings which Ilcavuu has everbestowed upon any nation.

Having determined not to become a candidatefor re election, I shall have no motive to influenceiny conduct in administering the government exceptthe desire ably and fait-hfii.ly to serve inycountry, and to live in the grateful memory of mycountrymen. We have recently passed througha Presidential contest in which the passions ofour fellow citizens were excited to the highest degreeby questions of deep and vital importance;but when the people proclaimed their will, thetempest at once subsided, and oil was calm.The voice of the majority, speaking in tho man-

ncr prescribed hy the Constitution, was heard,and instant submission followed. Our own coun-

try could alone have exhibited" so grand and strik-ing a spectacle of the capacity of man for selfgovernment.What a happy conception then wasit for Congress to apply this simple rule, that thewill of the majority shall govern, to the settlementof the question of domestic slavery in theterritories, Congress is neither to legislate slaveryinto any territory or State, nor to exclude it therefrom.but to leave the people thereof perfectlyfree to form and regulate their domestic institutionsin their own way, subject only to the Constitutionof the United States. As a natural consequenceCongress has also prescribed that whenthe Territory of Kansas shall be admitted iutotheUnion with or without slavery as their Constitu.tion may prescribe at the time of their admission.A dill'erenco of opinion has arisen in regard to

the time when the people of a territory shall decidethis question for themselves. This is bappi-ly, a matter of but little practical importance, andbesides, it is a judicial question which legitimatelybelongs to the Supreme Court of the UnitedStates, before whom it is now pending, and will,it is understood, be speedily and fiually settled,To tbeir decision, in common with all good citi-zeus, I shall cheerfully submit whatever this maybe; though it has been my individual opinion thatunder the Nebraska*Kansas act. the appropriateperiod will be when the number ofactual residentsin the territory shall justify the formation of aconstitution with a view to its admissionas a Sffiteinto the Union. But be this as it may, it is theImperative and indispensable duty of the govern-meut of the United Suites to secure to every resi-dent inhabitant the free and indepeudaut expres-sion of his opinion by his xote.

This sacred right of each individual must bepreserved. This being accomplished, nothing can

be fairer than to leave the people of a territoryfree from all foreign interference to decide theirown destiny for themselves, subject only, to theConstitution of the United States. The wholeterritorial question beiug thns settled upon theprinciple of popular sovereignty.a principle as

ancient as free government itself.every thing ofa practical nature has been decided, and no otherquestion remains foradjustment, because all agreethat under the Constitution, slavery in the Statesis beyond the reach of any human power, except

that of the respective StAtes themselves, whereinit exists. May we not theh hope that the longagitation on this subject is approaching its end^ 1

and that tlic gcographicnl parties to which it hasgiven-birth, so much dreaded by tho Father of i

bis Country, will speedily become extinct.Most happy will it be for the country when the i

public mind shall be diverted from the question to Iothers of pressing and more practical importance,Throughout the whole progress of this ngitntion, ]which has scarcely known any intermission for Imore than twenty years, whilst it has been pro- 1ductivc of no positive good to any human being, t

it has been the prolific source of great evils to the <master, to the slave and to the whole country; it £has alienated and estranged the people of the sis- i

ter states from each other, and has even seriously £

endangered the very existence of the Union.nor <has the danger yet entirely ceased. 1Under our system there is a remedy for all mere {

political evils in the sound sense and sober judg- tment of the people. Time is a great corrective, tx ne political subjects wincn out a tew years ago i

excited and exasperated the public raind, havepassed away, and are now nearly forgotten.but cthis question of domestic slavery is of far greater «

importance than any mere political question, be-' s

cause, should the agitation continue, it may n

eventually endanger the personal safety of a large tportion of our couutrymen where the institution 1exists. In that event, no form of government, 1however admissable in itself, however productive jof material benefits, can compensate for the loss i

of peace and domestic security around the family cialtar. Let every Union-loving man therefore ex- cert his Best influence to suppress this agitation, e

which, since the recent legislation of Congress, fis without any legitimate object. c

It is an evil of the times that men have under- ftaken to calculate the mero material value of the e

Union. Reasoned estimates have been presentedof the pecuniary profits and local advantages twhich would result to different Statesnnd sections, tfrom its dissolution and of the comparative inju- {ries which such an event would inflict on other cStates and sections. Even descending to this low s

and narrow view of the mighty question, all such e

calculations arc at fault. The bare reference to ia single consideration will be conclusive to this 1point. 1We at present enjoy a free trade throughout our 1

extensive and expansive country such as the world <

never witnessed. This trade is conducted on rail- i

roads and canals, on noble rivers and arms of the i

sea, which bind together the North and the South, <the East and the West of our confederacy. An- <

nihilate this trade, arrest its free progress by thegeographical lines of jealous and hostile States,and you destroy the prosperity and onward march Iof the whole nnd every part, and involve all in <

one common ruin. <But such considerations, important as they are ]

in themselves, sink into insignificance when we reflecton the terrific ovils which would result from <

disunion to everv nortion of the Uonfederacv.to i

the North not more than to the South.to the East ^

not more than to the West. These I shall not attemptto portray, because I feel an humble confidencethat the kind Providence which inspired ourfathers with wisdom to frame the most perfectform of government and union ever devised byman, will not suffer it to perish until it shall havebeen peacefully instrumental, by its example, inthe extension of civil and religious liberty throughoutthe world,tNextin importance to the maintenance of"theConstitution nn^ the Union, is tho duty of proservingthe government free from the taint or eventho suspicion of corruption. Public virtue is thevital spirit of Republics, and history proves thatwhen this has decayed and the love of money hasusurped its place, although the forms of free governmentmay remain for a season, the substancehas departed forever. Our presont financial conditionis without a parallel in history. No nationhas ever before been embarrassed from too largea surplus in the treasury.

This almost necessarily, gives birth to extravagantlegislation. It produces wild schemes of expenditures,and begets a race of speculators andjobbers, whose ingenuity is exerted in contrivingand promoting expedients to obtain the publicmoney. The party through its official agents,whether rightfully or wrongfully, is suspected,and the charactor of the Government suffers inthe estimation of the people. This is in itself a

very great evil. The natural mode of relief fromthis embarrassment, is to appropriate the surplusin the Treasury togreatnational objects, for whicha clear warrant can be found in the Constitution.Among those, I might mention the extinguishmentof the public debt; a reasonable increase of theNavy, which is at present inadequate to the protectionof our vast tonagc afloat.now greaterthan that of any other nation, as well as the defenoeof our extended sea coast.

It is beyond all question the true principle thatno more revenue ought to be collected from thepeople than the amount necessary to defray theexpenses ot a wise, economical, and efficient administrationof the Government. To reach thispoint it was necessary to resort tq a modificationof the tariff, and this has been accomplished insuch n manner to as little injury as may havebeen practicable to our domestic manufacturers,especially those necessary for the defence of thecountry. Any discrimination against a particularbranch for the purpose of benefitting favoredcorporations, individuals or interests, would havebeen unjust to the rest of the oommunity, andinconsistent with that spirit of fairness and eaual-ity which ought to govern in the adjustment of a

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revenue tariff; but the squandering of the public 1

money sinks into comparative insignificance, as ]a temptation to corruption, when compared with'the squandering of the public lands. No nation Iin the tide of time has ever been blessed with so qrich and noble an inheritance as we enjoy in the ,

public lands.In administering this important trust, whilst it '

maybe wise to grant portions of them for the improvementof the remainder, yet we should never

forget that it is our cardinal policy to reserve theselands as much as may be, for actual settlers, andthis at moderate prices. We shall thus not onlybest promote the prosperity of the new States, byfurnishing them a hardy and independent race ofhonest and industrious citizens, but shall securehomes for our children's children, as well as forthose exiles from foreign shores, who may seek inthis country to improve their condition, and to enjoythe blessings of civil and religious liberty..Such emigrants have done much to promote thegrowth and prosperity of the country. They have '

proved faithful both in peace and in war. Afterbecoming citizens they are entitled, under theConstitution and laws to be placed on perfectequality with native-born citizens, and in thischaracter they should ever be kindly recognized.

The federal constitution is a grant from theStates to Congress of certain specific powers, andthe question whether this grant shall be liberally '

or strictly construed has more or less, divided politicalparties from the begining. Without enteringinto tho argument, I desire to state at thecommencement of my administration, that longexperience aBd observation has convinced me thata strict construction of the powers of the governmentis the only true as well as the only safetheory of the constitution. Whenever in our pasthistory doubtful powers have been exercised byCongress, they have never failed to produce injuriesand unhappy consequences. Many such instancesmight be adduced if this were the properoccasion. Neither is it necessary for the publicservice to strain the language of the constitutionbecause all the great and useful powers requiredfor a successful administration of the government,both in peace and in war, have been granted eitherin express terms or by the plninest implication.

Whilst deeply convinced of these truths, I yetconsider it clear, that under the war making powerCongress may appropriate money towards theconstruction of a military road, when this is absolutelynecessary for the defence of any Stateor Territory of the Union against foreign invasion.Under the tjoustitution congress has power to declarewar, to raise and support armies, to provide Iand maintain a navy, aud to call forth the militia ^to repel invasion. This endowed in an ample man- 8

tier with the war making power, the correspond- £ing duty is required that the United States shall hprotect each of them (the States) against invasion. £IIow it is possible to afford this protection to Cali- tfornia and our pacific possessions, except by

meansof a military road through the territory of tthe United States, over which men and munitions a

of war may bo speedily transported from the At- 8lantic States to meet and repel the invader? In 2case of a war with a naval power much stronger c

than our own, we should then have 110 other avail- 8

able access to the Pacific coast; because such a 11

power would instantly close the route across the s

Isthmus of Central America. o

It is impossible to conceive that whilst the Con- 11

stitution has expressly required Congress to defendall the states, it should yet den}' to them byany fair construction the only possible means by 9

which one of these States can be defended. Be- hsides, the Government, ever since its origin, hasbeen in the constant practice of constructing mili- iitary roads. It might also be wise to consider Swhether the love for the Union, which nowanima- 3

ted our fellow-citizens on the Pacific coast, may v

not be impaired by our neglect, or refusal to pro- tvide for them in their remote and insolated coudi- o

tion, the only moans by which the power of theStates on this side of the Rocky Mountains can ireach thorn in sufficient time to protect, them tagainst invasion. I forbear, for the present, from 1expressing an opinion as to the wisest and most teconomical mode in which the Government can ]

lend its aid in accomplishing this great andueces?arywork. I believe that many difficulties in theway, which now appear formidable, will in a greatdegree vanish, as soon as the nearest and bestroute shall -have been satisfactorily ascertained.[t may be right that, on this ^occasion I shouldmake some brief remarks as to onr rights-and dutiesas a member of the great family of nations.In our intercourse with them there are some

slain principles approved by oar own, experience"rom whicb we should never depart. W« epght:o cultivate peace, commerce and friendship .withill nations, and tbis not raeroly as the best means

>f promoting our own national interest, bat in a

ipirit of christian benevolencbtowards feUow menwherever their lot may be cast. Our 'diplomacyihould be direot and frank,.neither seeking to>btain more, nor accepting less than 19 our due.iVc ought to cherish a sacred regard for the ludejendenceof all nations, and never attempt to inerfercin the domestic concerns of any, unlesshis shall be imperatively required by the great Iaw of self preservation. 1To avoid entangling alliances has been a maxim I

>f our policy ever since the days of Washington, wm/1 itn mSmlAm n n T*T i 1 1 A tfrt »V>n t fn AIOVllvta Tttui'i uo niauuui nu v/uc niu nvMiiu^v w uicj/uw. ut ^

ihort, we ought to do jastice in a kindly spirit to ^

ill nations, and require justice from them in re*urn. It is our glory, that while other nationslfivc extended their dominions by the sword, welave never acquiredany territory except by fairmrchase, or, as in tbe-case of Texas by the volmtarydetermination of a brave, kindred and iaiependentpeople to blend their destinies with ouriwn. Even our acquisitions from Mexico form no

xception. Unwilling to take advantage of theortunc of war against & sister Republic,, we pnrhancdthe possessions under the treaty of peace,or a sum which was considered at the time a fairiquivalsnt.Our past history forbids that we shall in the funreacquire territory unless this be sanctioned by

he laws of justice and honor. Acting on thisirinciple, no nation.will have a right to .interfere,r to complain, if, in the progress of events, weihall still further extend oar possessions.- Hithirtoin all our acquisitions, the people under theVmerican flag, have enjoyed civil and religiousibcrty, as well as equal and just laws, and havejcen contented, prosperous, and happy. Theirir&de with the rest of the world has rapidly ioireosed,and thus every commTcial nation hasshared largely in their successful progress. I shallnow proceed to take the oath presoribed by theConstitution, whilst humby invoking the blessingif Divine Providence oh this great people. I

JAMES BUCHANAN.Ou concluding his address the President elect

turned towards Chief Justice Taney, who anvaa*;ed and extending the Bible toward-Mr. Buchanm,administered the oath of offich in the termspresented by the Constitution, as follows:"1 do solemnly swear that I will fatfitfully sze~

:ute the Office of President of the Uniltd State* andrill to the best of my ability prestrvc, protect &udDefend the Constitution of the United State*." ,rDurine thft tfvlrin®" nf i« snlpmn nMoBfntirtW the

Icepest interest was manifested, and the molitudevere stilled in the most-earnest attention. Whent was concluded, and those upon the platform folowedthe Chief Justice in Congratulating thePresident elect upon his accession to office, theipectators joined in an enthasiasticiaeoTaitaa of apjlause,whilst the swelling music of half f dozenlands, and the roar of cannon announced that themportant ceremony was completed and JamesBuchanan duly inaugurated as die fifteenth Presilentof the United States.After receiving the congratulations of those sur-oandinghim the President returned to the

ite chamber, and was subsequently conduoted^bjrs:'he Senate Committeeto the Presidential-Mansion.The military immediately after re-formed'and

narclied up Pennsylvansr Avenue, to the place oflismissal, after which the companies proceeded toheir several quarters. v'~*v

»« « r+' 'dTO FABHIB. J w

(as imitatios or bubvs' "abtok watml")v -t '

Flow gently sweet Tirza, and marmcrthylays,Co the soft-tinted flowerthatbloomopn thy braesFlowgently sweet Tirza.for brighfcie the flojeer,ind sweeter than lily which leaps in the shower.Flow gently sweet Tirza, bythy murm'ring stream,steal frae the^rprld, on fair Fannie to dream,

'lor envy the monarch nor king.on his .throneEnriched and enraptured by fancy alone.

Pho' sweet be the songsters that sing in thy groves,Tis na' for the burdies my foot-step there roves.Cho' sweetare thy bowers where woodbfneaentwineTis na' the sweet woodbines that make the divine;Tis Fannie alone, mair enchanting than a* : .

rhc bardies and woodbines that ever I saw;Flow gently sweet Tirxa, you hring to my mind,Vly aln fairy tnaiden sae gentle an' kind.

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r' $3$Sow aft when the sun glimmerslow in the jrity,

Ind on the dark pine-topshis gowden looks lie;iVhen the sheep and the kye are wandering home,blend with thy mariners her musical name! ^"low gently sweet Tirxa.tby porting iraweet,Ls nft on thy green braes wi' Fannie 1 meetl.nd

in thy clear bosom reflected I trace'.

Ake a star fondly clasp'd her beauty and grace.low gently sweet Tirxa, and mariner thy lays,ro the soft-tinted flower that bloomson tby braes.flow gently sweet Tirza, for bright is the flowerInd sweeter than lily which leaps in the shower*

The Harp or Scotland.At the Albany Burns-Club Festival, reocntlyleldin that city, Alfred B. Swoet, the'poet, re-

ponded to the "memories of Ramsay, Tannabill,icott, theEttrick Shepherd, Muir and Aytoun,"n the following beautifal speech: ,

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The occasion we commemorate elicits the besteelings of the heart. Not with the trappings ofrealth or power is it cumbered. It is graced withhe harp of poetry, and how golden the radiancehod; how sanctifying the inflnence breathed..his harp may re6t during life in the ehadow ofbscurity, with the cold breeze of neglect whistingthrough its strings, but death is the sunbursthat kindles the gloom, and the breath of* world .tears down the music through the listening ages, w fAStately and-beautiful is the harp of Scotland. 4

ts frame is built from the moorland hills.itstrings woven from the blossoms of the heather,fhe dash of the linn.the twitter of the bird.theough of the wind throngh the midnight glen.he tick of the sle it against the lonely shieling.he bleat of the 'iock upon the grassy brae, andhe wimple of the burniein thebnshy dingle; these,orm its simple, natural, and expressive music..from the earliest ages, and sometimes from finderslong since forgotten, has this music sounded.:t has lingered in the crouching clachan.alonghe flowery holm.beneath the frowning scaur,iad on the misty peak. It has been crooned inhe smoke of the Hieland hut, and sung by thenglc of the Lowland cottage. Tho chief hasihnunted it as he drew his claymore.the'loverjreathed it to the listening maiden in the hazelihaw.the seeker of nature has recited iton theiparkling loch and by the oloudy summitHow beautiful the fragments that have floatedo us. on the nreservintr vnv« nt fi »i

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velton's Bunks," by Douglas, whence the plainivesong of "Annie Laurie has been taken"."the'lowers of the Forest, by Jane Elliot, and "Atddlobin Gray," by Lady Ann Lindsay.drops oflew are these, distilled from the gowan and the>reckan, and crystalized in the memory of eveiyScotchman.But this hnrp has waked to loftier minstrels..A

larry, the Rhymer, chaunted upon it the doods of ^Wallace.Barbour, the achievements of Bruce,.nd from it Allan Ramsay has swept "the gentleShepherd." Burns then seised it, flung into itlis soul, and how magical the inusie it poured..low it warbled like the mavis.now trilled Hkehe lark.now it was sad as the moan of the cushat.now merry as the strain of the blackbird, withiere and there an outburst like the scream of thengry eagle. The timid fingers of Tanuabill hatetrayed over it.it has echoed to the untaught;euiu8 of the Ettrick Shepherd.rung like &larion under the swinging hands -pf Scott.sangwectly to the skill of Campbell, and sobbed bcieaththe sorrowiug soul of Motherwell. Itstrings have scarce ceased vibrating to the toochf Muir, and it still sounds at intervals to theaagic of Aytoun.The muse delights to scatter her tongues of fire

a lowly places. She wafted one upon an Ayrhireplough, she wingod another to a Paisleyooin.Robert Tannahill was born at the manufactoragtown of Paisley, Renfrewshire, in the west of

Scotland, in 1774. His father was a silk weaver,nd the son pursued the same occupation. But Attnle his frame was chained by his daily tasks to *

he humble" Beat-tree, his mind soared on the wingf genius in thoradiaut realms of poesy. Touchngus tho sight of Burns balancing his cadencesn the furrow, is that of Tannahili jotting his ^houghtsxf music on a rude board beside his Moom, in the intervals of plying the shuttle. With ^ho exception of two yoare passed at Bolton, inSngland, he lived and died a weaver, in his native

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