libro de gramática española
TRANSCRIPT
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LIBRO DE GRAMÁTICA
ESPAÑOLA
Karina Bereszniewicz
7th period
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
3. Present (ar,er,ir)
4. Stem Changes
5. Irregular “Yo”
6. Saber vs. Conocer
7. Reflexives
8. “se” Impersonal
9. Dipthongs with „
10. Verbs like .. Uir/guir. Cer/cir.Ger/gir
11. Hace+___+que ___
12. Imperfecto
13. Preterite
14. Irregulars- car gar zar
15. Spock
16. snakey/snakeys
17.Trigger words
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PRESENT (AR,ER,IR)
For present tense of a regular verb you change the ar/er/irending with the corresponding conjugation.
Ar
Yo-o
Tu-as
Ud. El/ella- a
Nosotros-amos
Uds.ellos/ellas-an
Ir:
Voy
Vas
Va
Vamos
Van
Estar:
Estoy
Estas
Esta
Estamos
Estan
Ser:
Soy
Eres
Es
Somos
Son
Dar:
Doy
Das
Da
Damos
Dan
Irregular Present
Er/ir
•Yo-o
•Tu-es
•Ud.el/ella-e
•Nosotros-imos
•Uds.ellos/ellas-en
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STEM CHANGES
Have a stem change in all forms except for
nosotros.
• Cerrar→ Cierro, Cierras, Cierra, Cerramos, CierranE→IE
• Acoster→ Acuesto, Acuestes, Acueste, Acostimos, AcuestenO→UE
• Pedir→ Pido, Pides, Pide, Pedimos, PidenE→I
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IRREGULAR “YO”
go‟ verbs- Caer, decir, oir, poner, hacer, tener.
Ex: pongo
zco‟ verbs(cer/cir)- conocer, producir, conducer
Ex: conozco
Y los demás- ser, estar, ir, ver
Ex: soy
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Saber vs. Conocer•Both verbs mean “to know”
Saber•To know a
fact,
information,
or data
Conocer•To be familiar
with, to be
acquainted, with
people,places,
and general
concepts
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REFLEXIVES: REFLEXIVES ARE WHAT IS BEING
REFLECTED UPON.
Me
• myself
Te
• yourself
Se
• Himself
• Herself
• itself
Nos
• ourselves
Se
• themselves
Example: Lavarse- to wash
•Me lavo
•Te lavas
•Se lava
•Nos lavamos
•Se lavan
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“SE” IMPERSONALThere isn‟t anyone in
specific its referring to, it
means people in general.
• Indicates what happened to the subject of the sentence without saying who or what carried out the action.
Passive Voice-
Se hablaespanol
• Indicate that action is being preformed on one or more subjects. Like people doing something to or with each other.
Recipricalaction- Nos
vemos
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DIPHTHONGS WITH ACCENTS:
WHEN A STRONG AND WEAK VOWEL OR TWO WEAK
VOWELS COMBINE TO FORM A SINGLE SYLLABLE.
Esquiar
• Esquio
• Esquias
• Esquia
• Esquiamos
• Esquian
Maspalabras
• Continuar: to continue
• Graduarse: to graduate
MasPalabras
• Puerto
• Siete
• Hay
• Cuidad
• hacia
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VERBS LIKE: UIR/GUIR Y CER/CIR Y GER/GIR
Coger• Cojo
• Coges
• coge
• Cogemos
• cogen
Exigir
• Exijo
• Exgiges
• Exige
• Exigimos
• Exigen
Conocer
• Conozco
• Conoces
• Conoce
• Conocemos
• Conocen
Decir
• Digo
• Dices
• Dice
• Decimos
• Dicen
Atribuir
• Atribuyo
• Atribuyes
• Atribuye
• Atribumios
• Atribuyen
Conseguir
• Consigo
• Consigues
• Consigue
• Consigimos
• Consiguen
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HACE+ TIME+ QUE + PRESENT TENSE OF THE
VERB:
This formula is used to show how long an action
was happening or the length of time an action took
place.
Hace + dos anos+ que + trabajar a brusters=
Hace dos anos que trabaja a brusters.
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IMPERFECT
Ar
Aba
Abas
Aba
Abamos
Aban
Er/ ir
Ia
Ias
Ia
Iamos
ian
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PRETERITE
Past tense
Known beginning/and or
ending
Snapshot of time
Trigger words
Ayer
Anoche
Anteayer
La semana pasada
Esto es el preterite
é í
aste iste
ó ío
amos imos
aron ieron
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LAS IRREGULARES (PRETERITE)
Only in the you
Car gar zar
Que gue ce
Tocar- toqué
Jugar- jugué
comenzar-comencé
Spock Hacer –ir ser- dar ver
Hacer: hice hiciste hizo hicimos hicieron
Ir/ser: fui fuiste fue fuimos fueron
Dar: di diste dio dimos dieron
Ver: vi viste vio vimos vieron
Car que
Gar gue
Zar ce
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CUCARACHA
Only the base of verb changes while preterit endings stay same
Andar anduve
Estar estur
Poder pud
Poner pus
Querer quis
Saber sup
Tener tuv
Venir vin
If verb conjugation ends in a j drop the “I” in the ending if it follows the j.
Conducir conduj
Producir produj
Traducir traduj
Traer traj
Decir dij
e
iste
io
imos
ieron
eron
eron
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SNAKE/SNAKEY
Stem changers and y changers
Change the root of the verb in the preterit only in the
usted and ustedes forms.
Dormir leer
dormi dormimos lei leimos
Dormiste leiste
durmio durmiero leyo leyeron
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TRIGGER WORDS
Ayer=yesterday
El otro dia=the other day
El dia anterior=the day before
Va a vez=one time
Ayer por la mañana=yesterday morning
El fin de samana passado=last weekend
Entonces=then
En ese memento=in that moment
Hace dos dias=two days ago
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COMPARITIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
Mas que .. More than
Menos que..
Less/fewer than
Tan.. Come as..as
Tanto como.. As
much/many as
Are the comparison of
a person or thing to
another thing. (more,
less, or as…as)
•Superlatives indicate that
one person or thing is the
best, most, least, or worst.
•noun + más or menos +
adjective
•Es la ciudad menos
interesante del mundo…It's
the least interesting city in
the world.
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EL FUTURO
Infinitive + é ás á emos an
Vivir____
Comer____
Hablar____
Will factor
Just add the endings onto the ending a conjugation
needed
Ir+a+ infinitive
(immediate future)
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IRREGULAR FUTURES
Decir-dir- to say
Haber-habr- there to be
Poder-podr- to be able
Poner-pondr- to put,place,set
Querer-querr- to want, love
Saber-sabr- to know a fact,
Salir-saldr- to leave, go out
Tener- tendr- to have
Valer-valdr- to be worth
Venir-vendr-to come
Infinitive + é
ás
á
emos
án
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TRIGGER VERBS
Todos los dias
Siempre
A menudo
Cada dia
Generalmente
Por lo general