liceo classico l. ariosto ferrara chemistry course chnops: the six elements of life teacher maria...
TRANSCRIPT
Liceo Classico “L. Ariosto”Ferrara
Chemistry course
CHNOPS: the six elements of life
Teacher
Maria Petresi
The four major types of macromolecules found in
living cellsMacromolecules
Elements Monomer Polymer Example
Carbohydrates C, H, O Simple sugar
Polysaccharides
Starch
Lipids C, H, O Fatty acids & glycerol
Lipids Fats, oils, waxes
Proteins C, H, N, O, S
Amino acids Polypeptides Insulin
Nucleic acids C, H, O, P Nucleotides Nucleic acids DNA
Elements: where?
•Organisms:C,H,N,O,P & S …
“CHNOPS”
•Earth’s crust:
O,Si,Al,Fe …
•Universe:
H,(He),O,C,(Ne),N,Mg,Si,
Fe,S …
The setting of CHNOPS in the periodic table of elements
Group and period identification of CHNOPS
Homo sapiens’
atomic
composition
Human
CHNOPS in…
CHNOPS in…
Escherichia coli’s
atomic
composition
Bacterium
CHNOPS in…
Poa pratensis’
atomic
composition
Plants
•Symbol: C
•Group: 4th
•Period: 2nd
•Atomic number: 6
•Atomic mass number: 12
•Valence: 4
•Electrons number: 6
Carbon
6
C
12.00
What?
•Non-metal
•It’s solid at room temperature
Where?
•In all fondamental composts of living things
•Atmosphere (CO2)
•Earth’s crust
Why?
•There aren’t living things without carbon
•Symbol: H
•Group: 1st
•Period: 1st
•Atomic number: 1
•Atomic mass number: 1
•Valence: 1
•Electrons number: 1
Hydrogen
1
H
1.008
What?
•Non-metal
•It’s gas at room temperature; H2
•An element apart
Where?
•The most common in the Universe.
Why?
•In many inorganic compounds (H2O, hydrides, hydroxides and acids)
•In organic compounds
Nitrogen7
N
14.01
•Symbol: N
•Group: 5th
•Period:2nd
•Atomic number: 7
•Atomic mass: 14
•Valence: 3
•Electrons number: 7
What?
•Non-metal
•It’s gas at room temperature; N2
Where?
•It’s the most common in the atmosphere
•In all living organisms
•In proteins
Why?
•It can form many compounds with oxygen.
Oxygen8
O
16.00
•Symbol: O
•Group: 6th
•Period:2nd
•Atomic number: 8
•Atomic mass: 16
•Valence: 2
•Electrons number: 8
What?
•Non-metal
•It’s gas at room temperature; O2
Where?
•It’s the most common in the Earth’s crust
•In the atmosphere: 21%
•In all living organisms (biomolecules)
Why?
•It’s foundamental to all living organisms (cellular respiration, photosynthesis……)
Phosphorous
15
P
30.97
•Valence: 5
•Electrons number: 15
•Symbol: P
•Group: 5th
•Period:3rd
•Atomic number: 15
•Atomic mass: 30
•Valence: 5
•Electrons number: 15
What?
•Non-metal
•It’s solid at room temperature; P4 (white phosphorus)
Where?
•In nature it appears as a calcium phosphate
•In the skeletons of animals
•In ATP; in the nucleic acids (PO43-)
Why?
•It forms only single bonds
Sulfur
16
S
32.07
•Symbol: S
•Group: 6th
•Period:3rd
•Atomic number: 16
•Atomic mass: 32
•Valence: 2, 4, 6
•Electrons number: 16
What?
•Non-metal
•It’s solid at room temperature; S8 (rhombic sulfur)
Where?
•In nature it’s in volcanic areas
•In minerals
•In the proteins
Why?
•It can form 2, 4 or 6 bonds
The Lewis configuration
CHNOPS valence
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