Life in Balance – Reality for Higher Education Graduates?

Some Austrian and Italian Results based on the REFLEX-Project-Survey 2005, coordinated by ROA, financed by the EU

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Work Life

Flexibility –Who?When? How long?What?Where?

Earnings/Career

Challenging work/Learn new things

Leisure /Family

Fields of Study

Employer

Society Individual Person

Balance? Health?

Real Conditions?

Orientations?

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

AustriaImportance (54% explained) Realization (57% explained)

Career orientationHigh earnings (.823)Good career prospects (.741)Social status (.660)

Career orientationHigh earnings (.761)Good career prospects (.734)Social status (.611)

Challenging workNew challenges (.802)to learn new things (.772)Work autonomy (.574)

Challenging workNew challenges (.759)to learn new things (.745)Work autonomy (.629)

Life OrientationGood chance to combine work with family tasks (.703)Enough time for leisure activities (.688)

Life OrientationGood chance to combine work with family tasks (.838)Enough time for leisure activities (.833)

ItalyImportance (50% expl.) Realization (58% expl.)

Career orientationHigh earnings (.774)Good career prospects (.714)Social status (.608)

Job SecurityJob security (.815)High earnings (.674)

Challenging workto learn new things (.729)New challenges (.653)Chance of doing something useful for society (.559)

Challenging workNew challenges (.762)to learn new things (.741)Social status (.611)

Life OrientationGood chance to combine work with family tasks (.759)Enough time for leisure activities (.718)Job security (.555)

Life OrientationGood chance to combine work with family tasks (.876)Enough time for leisure activities (.871)

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Career Orientation Challenging Work Life Orientation

Type of Organization Importance Realization Importance Realization Importance Realization

Public – Private Sector

Public sector (465) -,1223836 -,2061607 ,0316830 ,1415806 ,2048138 ,3176626

Private non-Profit sector (142) -,3347111 -,4724047 -,0431142 ,3167483 ,1809827 ,2784764

Private Profit sector (735) ,2267569 ,2434804 ,0240944 -,1709094 -,2251126 -,2351295

Int. Standard Industrial

class.

Manufacturing (206/200) ,2362838 ,3097211 ,0268166 -,1828743 -,2136046 -,2404308

Financial intermediation (90/88) ,4574416 ,5284315 ,0971416 -,3397236 -,2793615 -,1490426

Real estate, business activities ,0962298 ,1409122 ,0314250 ,0358979 -,1701468 -,1800881

Public adminstration, compulsory social sector (90/87)

,0789994 ,3860709 -,1737513 -,0797811 ,0795565 ,4735543

Education (272/269) -,2531637 -,5733577 ,0565947 ,2797933 ,2960960 ,3968231Health and Social Work (159/155)

-,0767107 -,1973988 ,1532611 ,2367791 ,1978801 -,0191753

Scope

Local (127) -,1537726 -,3191104 ,0057131 -,1385038 ,3311069 ,3045735Regional (407) -,1480644 -,2164812 -,0708572 ,1164386 ,1945887 ,2304932National (282) ,0995221 ,0802288 -,0018451 -,0696814 -,0733861 -,0105274

International (556) ,2015563 ,2155250 ,1053561 -,0364774 -,2639626 -,2252639

             

Size

1 - 9 (213) -,1745202 -,1982740 ,1390224 ,2591246 ,0847493 -,012578610 - 49 (235) -,0342619 -,0542778 -,1267768 ,0134746 ,0968740 ,031718850 - 99 (119) -,0657122 -,2633088 -,0531668 ,0664488 ,2684617 ,2418626100 - 249 (129) -,1048014 -,0865402 ,1272363 -,1541572 -,0894166 -,0200377250 - 999 (175) ,1708031 -,1002598 ,0055185 -,1659523 -,1496279 ,00001811000 or more (462) ,2196754 ,2756650 ,0364945 -,0867177 -,2059737 -,0830606

             

Role in Innovation

Organization is adopting innovations mainly at forefront (730)

,1094176 ,1906537 ,1266728 ,1932254 -,0965048 -,0739873

Organization is adopting innovations mainly as a follower (215)

-,0629040 -,2779383 -,0494282 -,4431551 ,0646660 ,1535760

Characterization of Organization – Work Orientation and Realization (Austria)

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Career orientation

Job security Challenging Work Life Orientation

Type of Organization Importance Realization Importance Realization Importance Realization

Public – Private Sector

Public Sector (492) -,0803397 -,4144486 -,0100772 ,1001293 ,2078466 ,4046332Private non-profit (180) -,0822781 -,0735621 ,1576557 ,2073548 ,0392749 ,2584378

Private profit (1142) ,1025913 ,1995479 -,0186555 -,0539048 -,0884924 -,2356712

International Industrial

classification

Manufactoring (287/276) ,1057856 ,4115191 ,0473752 -,1749637 -,1459893 -,2803601

Financial intermediation (164/150)

,2094410 ,6565129 -,1964448 -,2861735 -,1173271 -,2463609

Real estate, renting, business acitvities (553/522)

,0843201 -,1118996 -,0275438 ,1707846 -,0708754 -,1439938

Public administration, compulsory social security (102/96)

,0035970 ,0111112 -,1381801 -,0906578 ,2638507 ,6581954

Education (259/251) -,2304118 -,5919496 ,0928362 ,1789301 ,1973341 ,4262993Health and social work (145/131)

-,1993511 -,4927439 ,1510366 ,1632633 ,1554998 ,0929655

Scope

Local (472) -,0141816 -,1879282 ,0078832 ,0970657 ,0736342 ,2284720Regional (266) ,0479902 -,1279384 ,0202561 ,0713082 ,0023019 ,0355458

National (519) ,0236186 ,0590071 -,0448054 -,0608832 ,0579679 -,0121243

International (587) ,0615031 ,1813010 ,0397435 -,0047994 -,1046663 -,2429242

Size

1-9 (413) ,0447245 -,2284925 ,0191945 ,2045951 -,0957861 -,0714951

10-49 (266) -,0919237 -,0400064 -,0400105 ,0440849 ,0605604 ,050303350-99 (147) -,1322246 -,0679338 ,0531193 -,0116390 ,0050576 ,0484786

100-249 (189) -,0433353 ,0763345 -,0646664 -,1791656 ,0462673 -,1202289

250-999 (183) ,0188440 ,1129456 -,0407499 -,2062891 ,0289596 -,2087868

1000 or more (465) ,0508336 ,1706293 -,0737002 -,1479113 ,0082475 -,0058784

Role in Innovation mainly at forefront (687) ,1117706 ,0862573 ,0725263 ,1991212 -,0512867 -,1158398

Mainly a follower (394) ,0430650 -,0321978 -,1223443 -,3203589 ,0375386 ,0911244

Characterization of Organization – Work Orientation and Realization (Italy)

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Career Orientation Challenging Work Life Orientation

Importance Realization Importance Realization Importance Realization

knowledge and skills not utilized in current work (112)

-,0263326 -,2868684 -,0370481 -1,0859148 ,0433485 ,3186284

knowledge and skills highly utilized in current work (235)

,0571467 ,0746330 ,0701593 ,2013100 -,0407900 -,0388290

current work is not demanding more knowledge (607)

,0108405 -,1495187 ,0891915 -,0986118 -,0146020 ,1328487

current work is highly demanding more knowledge (385)

,1116792 ,1488523 ,0416215 ,2212919 ,0269593 -,1126808

       I supervise staff members (431)

,2702226 ,3656677 ,0441229 ,0629514 -,2742531 -,3343104

no (952) -,0547006 -,1493709 ,0159600 -,0321495 ,0813612 ,1524255

Very dissatisfied (134) ,1016243 -,6176061 -,0801675 -,9083070 ,0104163 -,0378129

Very satisfied (1045) ,0421072 ,1565193 ,0567652 ,2071836 -,0290261 ,0231057

Characterization of challenging work – Austria

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Career

orientation Job security Challenging Work Life Orientation Importance Realization Importance Realization Importance Realizationknowledge and skills not utilized in current work (193)

-,0850526 ,0483160 -,3063302 -,7462640 ,0972589 ,0305624

knowledge and skills highly utilized in current work (1271)

,0250458 -,0596928 ,1068052 ,2408368 -,0114076 -,0041247

current work is not demanding more knowledge (817)

-,0130034 ,0296531 -,0169690 -,1386344 ,0157650 ,0654434

current work is highly demanding more knowledge (432)

,0601166 -,0885797 ,1594429 ,3084573 -,0240841 -,1175344

I supervise staff members (670)

,1226153 ,2146617 ,0256583 ,1965684 -,1135198 -,1504233

no (1262) -,0448191 -,1061379 -,0106813 -,1006431 ,0812917 ,0781688

(Very) dissatisfied (320)-,0347560 -,3622470 -,0920212 -,8183497 ,0875948 -,0528915

(Very) satisfied (1125) ,0464014 ,1140385 ,0890353 ,3690642 ,0111679 ,0416243

Characterization of challenging work – Italy

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Main results:

Life Orientation as an important value is corresponding with Study Fields like Education and Humanities

Life orientation seems to determine the decision for the type of organzation of work in favor of

the Public Sector, Local organizations with between 50 and 100 employees.

The high use of knowledge or even demanding more corresponds with

+ ‘Realization of Challenging Work’ -‘Life Orientation’.

A management position and supervising others is related to

+ ‘Career Orientation’ - ‘Life Orientation’ (apparently more for Austrian graduates).

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

‘Life Orientation’

Gender differences slightly more clear in Austria than in Italy, where the importance is more or less the same for male and female

graduates.

Reason of better realization for employed mothers: they work parttime.

Satisfaction of graduates with their working situation all three dimensions are important –

although the callenging work seems to be the focus in the first years of career.

Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

Thank you for your attention