life of andrew jackson
TRANSCRIPT
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Life of Andrew Jackson
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Early Life
• Jackson was born in 1767 to a poor family living on the northern border of South Carolina
• During the Revolutionary War, Jackson and his brother fought with the American irregulars, as they were too young for the regular army
• After being admitted to the bar in 1787, Jackson became a public prosecutor and built his legal practice in Nashville, which was then a part of North Carolina
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Political Rise• In 1795 Jackson was a
delegate to the Tennessee state constitutional convention
• He was one of Tennessee's first congressmen before becoming a senator
• In 1802 he became the major general in charge of the state militia
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Creek Wars
• In 1813, the US army became involved in a tribal dispute over assimilation in the Creek Confederacy
• As a general in this war, Jackson was first noticed as a military hero
• In 1814 the war ended with the Treaty of Fort Jackson, in which the Creeks were forced to give up half of their lands, totaling 22 million acres
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Presidential Election• Jackson ran for
president in 1824, losing to John Quincy Adams
• He won the election of 1828 against Adams, and was reelected in 1832
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Spoils System
• During his campaign Jackson accused the Adams administration of fraud and corruption
• Once elected he enacted large purges of high ranking government officials
• The replacements for these offices were given out as rewards for political services and favors to friends
• This became known as the “spoils system,” based on the idea of spoils of war
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Indian Removal• The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was specifically requested by
Jackson and mandated the removal of the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Cherokee tribes to western territories
• 1n 1831, after the Cherokee protested the legality of the bill, the Supreme Court ruled that the tribes were independent of federal authority
• Ignoring this ruling, and with Jackson’s support, the state of Georgia began creating removal treaties with various factions of the tribes
• The treaties, which promised payment for eastern lands and safe transportation, were compromised by federal cost saving efforts that prevented federal protection and led to the hiring of corrupt contractors
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The Bank• The Bank of the United States was a semi-public
organization that managed federal finances and issued currency
• When congress renewed the charter of the Second Bank of the United States in 1832, Jackson vetoed the bill
• His veto message attacked the foreign ownership of bank stock and the privileges by private ownership of stock in an organization chartered by Congress
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Nullification Crisis
• In 1833 South Carolina declared a federal tariff unconstitutional and decided to block the collections of federal customs revenues in the state’s ports
• Jackson responded by encouraging Congress to reduce the tariff and writing a proclamation against nullification
• Henry Clay, an opponent of Jackson’s, joined with John Calhoun to write and pass a bill that gradually reduced the tariff
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Life After the Presidency
• After his presidency Jackson retired to his Nashville, TN home, The Hermitage
• He was consulted by John Tyler, and supported an annexation of Texas
• He died at his home in 1845
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Works Cited
• "Center for the Study of Genocide and Human Rights." The Creek War, 1813-1814. Rutgers, n.d. Web. 28 June 2015.
• "Miller Center." American President: Andrew Jackson: A Life in Brief. University of Virginia, n.d. Web. 28 June 2015.
• "War Hero | General Andrew Jackson in the War of 1812." The Hermitage. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 June 2015.