W A T L O W

FOR MEDICAL

AND ANALYTICAL

APPLICATIONS

LIFE SCIENCE

THERMAL SOLUTIONS

Expertise in thermal solutions for medical devices and analytical instruments has beena Watlow hallmark for decades. As an extension of your business, Watlow provides anengineering team dedicated to solving your application requirements. As your lifescience partner, Watlow offers worldwide manufacturing and distribution, as well assuperior application support.

Scientific discoveries and new technologies play an incremental role in how theindustry has changed and is changing for you and your instrumentation requirements.Watlow understands the technology changes and is designing and manufacturingthermal solutions with industry requirements in mind. Because Watlow designs andmanufactures a wide range of thermal solutions specifically for the market, ourexpertise is always growing. By partnering with Watlow, you can take advantage of abroad selection of thermal components designed to work together for optimalefficiency.

Thermal Solutions for Medical and Analytical Life Science Applications

Watlow increases value to the customer by understanding the industry andapplications. Design engineers value our thermal application knowledge andwelcome the support we provide. Watlow understands your engineers want to haveconfidence and security in knowing their choice in suppliers will increase theprobability of successfully completing a design project on schedule. Our customersview Watlow as a partner or source for solutions because of positive past experiencesand the combination of Watlow’s application knowledge, manufacturing capability,global presence, exceptional service and trust.

Choosing the Right Supplier

Watlow is the world’s largest heater, sensor and temperature controllermanufacturer with 13 manufacturing facilities and over 40 technical supportcenters in Asia, Europe and North America. As a global company, Watlowsupports international design guidelines and agency approvals. Watlowmanufactures thermal solutions that meet agency approvals including,RoHS, W.E.E.E, CE and UL®. We have hundreds of factory-trained salesengineers and distributors located throughout the world. Our salesengineers are available to complement your team at any stage of yourproject from concept through prototyping and in production.

Watlow’s Global Thermal Component Leadership

UL® is a registered trademark of Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc.

Watlow has the broadest range of thermal solution products(heaters, sensors, temperature controllers and thermalsubassemblies) in the world. Our solutions are supported byproduct knowledge, test data, agency approvals and applicationand system support. We understand you want to have a choiceand to know your supplier can offer alternative solutions that willimprove your product’s performance. Watlow provides thermalcomponent expertise that cannot be consistently provided by anyother competitor in the world. Watlow’s development of new coreheater, sensor and controller technologies align with the lifescience industry and provide solutions for the next generation oflife science equipment.

The Range of Watlow Products and RevolutionaryProduct Developments

Medical: Patient Care and Surgical Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Analytical Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Biotechnology Research and Clinical Diagnostic Instrumentation . . . . . . . 6

Laboratory Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Watlow Thermal Solutions

HeatersULTRAMICTM 600 – advanced ceramic heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Cable heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11FIREROD® – cartridge heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Cast-in heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Ceramic fiber heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Critical thermal subassemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15FREEFLEX® heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Polyimide flexible heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Silicone rubber heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Syringe heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Thick film heaters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Tubular heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Temperature Controllers and ConnectivityEZ-ZONETM ST integrated control loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22SERIES SD temperature controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Power switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Safety limit controllers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24SensorsTemperature sensor technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Design ServicesElectronic manufacturing services (EMS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Custom control platform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Single Iteration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Table of Contents

2 - MEDICAL: PATIENT CARE AND SURGICAL DEVICES

Patient care equipment represents types of medical equipment that are directlyinvolved in the care of a patient. For example, blood and IV warmers may be used for acombination of patient comfort, faster recovery and to accelerate the rate of atransfusion. Medical devices used for any invasive or non-invasive surgical procedure areclassified as surgical instruments. Patient care equipment may be found in hospitals,clinics, nursing homes and home care environments. Control of the thermal and otherprocesses may be critical to the wellbeing and safety of the patients. Keeping the bodyclose to 37°C (98.6°F) is a requirement for many applications. Watlow thermalcomponent solutions include flexible, cartridge or other heaters that can be designedand manufactured to the equipment’s mechanical and electrical isolationcharacteristic. Since patient safety is paramount, Watlow safety limit controllers arecommonly used in equipment.

Medical: Patient Care and Surgical Devices

Common types of equipment that use Watlow thermalsolutions include:

• Anesthesia delivery systems

• Blood warmers, transfusion equipment and contrastmedia heating

• Bloodless surgical procedures

• Hemodialysis machines (renal or kidney dialysis)

• Infant warmers and incubators

• Insufflators

• Lithotripters

• Respiratory therapy devices

• Thermal-ablation instruments

• Warming blankets

• Wound therapy systems

MEDICAL: PATIENT CARE AND SURGICAL DEVICES - 3

Application

Renal dialysis machines purify the blood in patients whose kidneys have failed.Keeping the blood at body temperature prevents thermal shock. The dialysis machinehas a three step thermal process that typically includes a 90°C (194°F) disinfectioncycle after each patient, a 37°C (98.6°F) dialysis cycle where the patient’s blood iscleaned, and a 90°C (194°F) system cleaning cycle at the end of the day.

Design Requirements

The application required an in-line immersion heater that would not touch the insidediameter of plastic tubing that carried the water or the tubing might melt. Also for thepatient’s safety, medical products require low leakage current. Per UL® 60601-1 a Class 1 medical device must have a leakage current requirement of less than 300micro amps.

Solution

Watlow’s engineering team worked with the customer to create a heater solution. A1⁄8-inch (3 mm) thick flange was attached to the 0.625-inch (16 mm) diameter byseven-inch (18 cm) long FIREROD® heater. The flange kept the FIREROD concentricwith the plastic tube. To meet the current leakage specification, a Type LL (special lowleakage) FIREROD heater capable of maintaining leakage below 15 micro amps(0.0000015 amp) was used in the solution.

Watlow FIREROD® Renal Dialysis Machine Case History

Application

Contrast media is used with angiography and CT scanning equipment to viewsoft tissue in patients. At 16°C (60°F) contrast media has a high viscosity, whichis reduced by approximately 50 percent at 37°C (98.6°F). Temperature stabilityis the key to delivering consistent test results.

Design Requirements

The application required accurate temperature control for the injection systemand ability to view the contrast media that is opaque in X-ray and CT tests. Theheater package needed to be robust, compact and reusable.

Solution

Watlow designed a syringe heater to fit snugly to the outside surface of thesyringe. A molded pod on the back housing integrates a sensor and thecustom temperature process and limit control. Prior to the procedure, thesyringe is placed on the injector head, and the syringe heater is clipped on tothe syringe to heat the fluid to the required temperature. This heater is able toconsistently maintain the injection medium at the correct temperature.

Increasing Temperature Consistency with Watlow’s SyringeHeater Case History

UL® is a registered trademark of Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc.

4 - Analytical Instrumentation

Analytical instrumentation includes equipment or devices used in the analysis of organicand inorganic solid materials, gases or chemical compounds. Instrumentation is usedthroughout the industrial, scientific research, environmental and security industries. Ingeneral, the instruments are designed to perform a limited number of analyses, whichtarget a specific organic or inorganic measurement.

Depending on the type of instrumentation and materials being analyzed, processtemperatures generally range from 300 to 600°C (572 to 1112°F) with someenvironmental monitoring instrumentation operating over 1000°C (1832°F). Watlow has avariety of solutions that cover the range of process temperature. ULTRAMIC™ 600advanced ceramic heaters are excellent for injectors in gas chromatographs and ionsources in mass spectrometers, while cartridge and tubular heaters may be usedcalorimeters. Ceramic fiber heaters are great heater solutions for environmentmonitoring applications. Watlow’s integrated thermal solution teams have corecompetency to combine a heater component with sensors, controllers and other

mechanical components to provide turnkey solutions. The EZ-ZONE™ ST integratedcontrol loop integrates temperature process with power control to provide a

compact, high-performance solution.

Analytical Instrumentation

Watlow provides thermal solutions for analyticalinstrumentation and thermal analyzers such as:

• Active surface area or catalyst characterization analyzers

• Calorimeters and combustion bombs

• Continuous emission monitoring (CMS)

• Differential scanning calorimeters

• Differential and relative viscometers

• Gravimetric sorption analyzers

• Gas chromatographs

• Liquid chromatographs

• Mass spectrometers

• Melting index analyzers

• Moisture sorption analyzers

• Sodium monitor/analyzers

• Softening point testers

• Symmetrical gravimetric analyzers

• Thermogravimetric analyzers

Analytical Instrumentation - 5

Application

Mass spectrometers are used to determine the presence of trace chemicals inindustrial, environmental and clinical applications. The technique involves usinghigh heat to desolvate the ionized sample prior to its entry into the spectrometer.Traditional heating methods include use of cartridge or cable heaters to heat ametal assembly that, in turn, conducts the heat to a stream of high-purity inert gas.

Design Requirements

Mass spectrometers have detection capabilities into the part-per-trillion levels formost analytes and as such, a non-contaminating thermal source is imperative.Also, instrument designs are being challenged with the competing requirements ofreducing size and complexity, while still improving sensitivity.

Solution

Watlow’s ULTRAMIC™ 600 advanced ceramic heater has been specified for use with ionsources because its chemical compatibility, low porosity and fine surface finish reduce thelikelihood of contamination. Plus, being capable of 600°C (1112°F), it meets the performancerequirements of most mass spectrometers. Additionally, with the possibility of direct samplecontact, the high wattage to size ratio provides the opportunity for the complexity and sizeof the ion source to be reduced.

Analytical Instrumentation ULTRAMIC™ 600 AdvancedCeramic Heater Case History

Gas Chromatography Heater Case History

Application

Purge and trap sample concentrators and autosamplers are used to introducesamples to gas chromatographs and other analysis instrumentation. Thesamples are heated in order to separate gases and liquids.

Design Requirements

The OEM needed a turnkey assembly for heating test samples with anaccuracy of ±0.1°C at 300°C (572°F). Due to the rotation and indexing featureof the part, one set of heater leads was desired. The designer was consideringusing a two-piece machined assembly with four cartridge heaters butanticipated problems with temperature uniformity and termination reliability.

Solution

Watlow designed a one-piece machined cast-in heater with one precisionbent tubular heater that was formed to provide the desired temperatureuniformity. The heated part was also anodized to aid cleaning and to increase surfacehardness.

6 - Biotechnology Research and Clinical Diagnostic Instrumentation

The clinical diagnostic instrumentation market consists of laboratory instruments thatperform tests on human blood and other body fluids. Instruments are used in hospitals,clinics, commercial laboratories and alternate test sites. The market is divided into twomajor segments biotechnology and clinical laboratory diagnostic equipment.Biotechnology equipment is a class of equipment or devices concerned with theextraction, replication, amplification and sequencing of DNA from genes.

Most biotechnology and clinical applications require an operating temperature at ornear body temperature 37°C (98.6°F) where incubation and transfer of fluids is requiredas part of the process. Watlow understands how important temperature uniformity andaccuracy are to the effectiveness of this equipment. Increasing the throughput (tests perhour), decreasing of size and pushing down costs have driven tighter requirements fortemperature accuracy and repeatability. To meet the changing technologyrequirements, Watlow has developed high precision heater and controller solutionsthat are based on modular designs concepts. Watlow’s design teams work closely withthe customer to develop thermal assemblies while reducing design times, costs and

offering logistics support for the final product.

Biotechnology Research and Clinical Diagnostic Instrumentation

Watlow provides thermal solutions for biotechnologyand clinical diagnostic equipment such as:

• Blood gas analyzers

• Clinical chemistry analyzers

• Coagulation analyzers

• Genetic analyzers

• Hematology analyzers

• Hybridization ovens

• Immunoassay analyzers

• Integrated systems analyzers

• In-vitro diagnostics (IVD)

• Lab-on-a-chip thermal systems

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

• Thermal cyclers

Application

Hematology equipment is used to incubate and analyze blood samples. AnOEM of blood analyzing equipment required a method to heat and controlthe temperature of their testing fluids.

Design Requirements

The OEM needed a thermal solution that would eliminate fluidcontamination and corrosion while providing a stable temperature on thetest sample. They also needed to reduce the cost of the complex solutionthat was used in the previous generation of blood analyzers.

Solution

Watlow converted the existing design to a one-piece, cast-in aluminumconstruction utilizing tubular elements. Watlow’s design significantlyimproved heat transfer and eliminated the corrosion and leakageproblems. Alodine, a special protective external coating applied aroundthe outside perimeter of the aluminum castings, reduced contaminantsfrom the cast surface. Watlow also facilitated the addition of customer-specifiedsensors, switches, wiring harnesses and electrical enclosures, delivering a ready to useproduct. This value-added subassembly eliminated the time required for the customerto install and purchase 17 separate parts, reducing overall cost and effort.

Diagnostic Equipment (Blood Analyzer) Cast-in Heaters CaseHistory

Biotechnology Research and Clinical Diagnostic Instrumentation - 7

Application

Detecting and timing blood clotting is necessary for identifying problemssuch as hemophilia, diagnosis of clotting times for patients receivinganticoagulant drugs and pre-surgical examinations. Reagents used in testsand blood plasma need accurate temperature control to permit rapid andaccurate processing.

Design Requirements

The design required a thermal solution that would reduce complexity of theequipment while providing uniform temperature distribution. The OEM wascommitted to Lean manufacturing processes and needed a solution thatwould complement their Lean strategies.

Solution

Watlow provided a turnkey assembly by designing a solution that used twosilicone rubber heaters per heating block to heat reagents and incubatethe blood plasma. The two heaters were vulcanized to a precision machined part. Thisachieved a more efficient heat transfer and reduced customer installation costs. The heaterswere wired in series to provide the optimum circuit resistance. To meet the tolerance of thecontoured shape, the heater was die cut to precision dimensions.

Silicone Rubber Heater for Blood Clot Sensing and RecordingInstrument Case History

8 - Laboratory and Sterilization Equipment

Laboratory equipment includes ovens, sterilization and material preparation equipmentthat are commonly found in laboratories. The laboratory could be a university orresearch lab, a government or private company lab, forensics, pharmaceutical or aclinical diagnostics lab. New analysis and instrumentation expectations create acontinuous stream of design actively throughout the industry.

For over 30 years, Watlow’s temperature controllers have been recognized as thepreferred controller for environmental chambers, sterilization and other laboratoryequipment. The reason is Watlow’s advanced control algorithms provide stable andrepeatable temperature performance while user interfaces make it easy to set up thecontroller and operate the laboratory equipment. Watlow has been a leader inproviding heaters for steam and ethylene oxide sterilization. An example are Watlow’selectropolished WATROD tubular heaters that provide long life, resist corrosion and areeasy to clean.

Laboratory and Sterilization Equipment

Watlow provides thermal solutions for laboratoryequipment such as:

• Autoclaves and sterilizers

• Centrifuges

• Baths

• Distillation (stills)

• Endoscope reprocessors

• Environmental chambers

• Furnaces

• Heating blocks

• Incubators

• Shakers

• Ultrasonic cleaners

Laboratory and Sterilization Equipment - 9

Application

Bioreactors, mixers and shakers are commonly used in pharmaceutical and otherbiotechnology processes. Repeatable mixing of the liquid and gas chemistry iscritical to assuring quality of the product.

Design Requirements

The design called for a flexible controller that could control a wide variety ofapplications while still maintaining simple configuration and navigationcapabilities. In addition to temperature and monitoring load cells, the equipmentrequired process control for linear motors, CO2 gas valves and dissolved O2.

Solution

Watlow designed a custom solution by using a standard SERIES 96 temperaturecontroller with universal and event inputs, and four flexible outputs as a platform. The solutionincluded custom firmware to support a retransmit function in addition to RS 232/485communications. By incorporating the custom design the customer could use the samecontroller for several products and reduce their design and inventory requirements.

Bioreactor Case History

Application

An OEM of plant growth chambers was looking to simplify their chamberdesigns. Their goal was to reduce manufacturing costs and improveproduct reliability and usability.

Design Requirements

Most chambers have different settings to simulate day and nightconditions. These can include temperature set points, RH set points andlighting control. The OEM was using an analog controller with two setpoints. A mechanical timer selects which set point is connected to thecontroller and the indicator shows the actual chamber temperature. Twoseparate bulb and cap thermostats are also utilizes for high and lowalarms.

Solution

To simplify the system design, Watlow specified a custom design bycombining many features into one controller. The controller had two RTDinputs, two digital inputs and five outputs made it ideal for thisapplication. The unique design of the custom firmware enables the OEMto stock a single controller able to handle three different chamberconfigurations. One RTD input senses the main cabinet and the secondone was for the alarm, replacing the two bulb and cap thermostats. The custom firmwareallowed a user to enter day and night set points, replacing the analog controller. The five-digit LED display replaced the digital indicator. The new custom solution also contained areal time clock and battery to maintain the time of day in the event of a power outage.

Plant Growth Environmental Chambers Case History

10 - Heaters

Watlow’s ULTRAMIC™ 600 advanced ceramic heatersfeature very low leakage current making them ideal forapplications in medical devices where this is an absoluterequirement. By using ULTRAMIC heaters, devicemanufacturers may eliminate the expense of a costlyisolation transformer. For use with analyticalinstrumentation, the ULTRAMIC 600 is also an excellentsolution for use in gas chromatographs and massspectrometers where small size, fast temperature ramprates and cleanliness are beneficial.

ULTRAMIC 600 heaters are constructed of aluminum nitride(AIN) and incorporate a thermally matched proprietaryheating element that provides maximum performance inchallenging applications. AIN is especially suitable forapplications requiring a clean, non-contaminating heatsource. Additionally, the excellent geometric stability ensuresconsistent part-to-part thermal contact during heatingcycles.

Features and BenefitsRobust AlN ceramic• Low porosity, homogeneous, assembly for atmospheric

and vacuum applications

• Non-contaminating heat source resistant to chemicalattack and water ingress

• Geometrically stable due to low coefficient of thermalexpansion (CTE)

• Process temperatures up to 600°C (1112°F) depending onapplication parameters

Rapid prototyping• Finite Element Analysis (FEA) provides rapid “virtual”

prototyping of heater performance prior to themanufacturing process

• Custom prototypes can be delivered in weeks rather thanmonths with innovative design and manufacturingpractices

Superior electricalperformance• Low leakage current less

than 10µA

• Breakdown voltage>2000VÎ(dc)

High thermal conductivity• Fast temperature ramp rate of up to 150°C (270°F) per

second

• Provides extremely uniform temperatures over the heatersurface

Thermocouple integrated into assembly (patentpending)• Ensures reliability of heater/sensor interface with bonded

assembly

• Improves accuracy with optimized temperature sensing

• High response rate in ramping applications

UL® and CE agency compliance (pending) • Meets global safety standards

Advanced Ceramic Heaters

UL® is a registered trademark of Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc.

Heaters

For the latest ULTRAMIC 600 product information, visitwww.watlow.com/ultramic.

Heaters - 11

Watlow’s cable heaters are small diameter, high-performance units – fully annealed and readily bent to amultitude of configurations and shapes as dictated by theapplication. Watlow’s cable heaters can be formed into acompact coil for transfer line heating in gaschromatograph and mass spectrometer applications,probe heaters for gas analysis or disorption heaters fortrap and purge applications.

The cable heater is also ideal for harsh or unusualenvironments including cryogenic and subfreezingtemperatures, high vacuum, gaseous and liquid immersionconditions. Watlow’s cable heaters can be shaped to fityour needs. Construction design options include one, two,three or four resistance wires; parallel coil or straight wire;drawn or swaged sheaths; with or without internalthermocouples; leads exiting from one or both ends andround, rectangular or square shapes.

Features and BenefitsHigh ductility• Allows unlimited coiling geometries

Small size• Diameters as small as 0.40 inches (10.16 mm) to fit in tight

spaces

Low mass• Allows for quick response to both heating and cooling

• Ensures rapid cycling

Process temperature• 650°C (1200°F)

304, 316 stainless steel or Incoloy®

• High temperature corrosion and oxidation resistancealong with ideal thermal expansion properties.

Internal thermocouples• For high-limit protection or process control

Versatility• Lengths from 1 to 1000 inches

• Operates from 1 to 240V

• Can be made with round or rectangular cross sections

Cable/Coil Heaters

Incoloy® is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation.

Heaters

Crimp Ring

Stainless Steel HoseLead Protection

Swaged Adaptor

Lead WiresParallel CoiledResistance Wire

Sheath

Compacted Magnesium Oxideby Swaging or Drawing

OR

Straight Resistance Wire

Welded End Cap

With or Without a No-Heat Tail Section

Cable heater construction

12 - Heaters

Cartridge heaters are an excellent solution for analyticaland medical applications where aluminum, stainless steel orother metal subassemblies need to be heated. Systemreliability is one of the major reasons that engineers selectWatlow’s FIREROD® heaters for applications such as babyincubators and gas chromatographic injector ports.

Available in both United States standard and metric sizes,FIREROD is one of the most versatile and widely-usedcartridge heaters. It is available in high, medium and low-watt density units and is used in a variety of medicalapplications, including renal dialysis machines and babyincubators. The superior construction and operatingcharacteristics of the FIREROD made it the new standard. Ithas helped customers reduce downtime and save moneyby dramatically reducing the need to purchasereplacement heaters. Testing has shown the service life ofFIREROD heaters to be 12 times that of other leadingcartridge heaters.

Features and BenefitsMiniature size• High performance in a small package

• Sized down to 1⁄8-inch (3.175 mm)

Low mass• Better heat transfer

• Quicker response time

• Longer life due to lower internal temperature

• Low leakage current less than 15µA

Swaged construction• Higher watt density

• Higher temperature capability

• Maximum heat transfer

• Increases dielectric strength

Internal thermocouple option• Ideal solution for space-restricted applications

Agency approvals• Contact factory for specifics on agency approvals

FIREROD® Cartridge Heaters

Heaters

Nickel-ChromeResistance Wire

Pins

Sheath

MgO Insulator

Lead Wires

Seal

No Heat

Section

FIREROD® cartridge heater construction

Heaters - 13

Watlow’s cast aluminum heater platform offers diversity inheated part shapes and functionality. Our ability to cast apart close to its near net shape minimizes the amount ofmachining and offers a lower cost solution in high volumeapplications. Cast-in heaters are used in many clinicaldiagnostic applications to heat body fluids to a stable,uniform temperature.

One of the key advantages of cast aluminum heaters isthat it can deliver excellent temperature uniformity. UsingFEA tools and precision positioned heaters, temperatureuniformities of less than ± one percent of the operatingtemperature have been achieved. Cast aluminum heatedparts can also be manufactured with cooling tubes forparts that need to be rapidly thermally cycled. The secondadvantage of cast-in heated parts is long life. Long life canbe achieved when a heater is cast in because thealuminum transfers the heat away from the element helpingto prevent overheating.

Cast aluminum heated parts can be precision machinedwith anodization, electroless nickel or Teflon® coatings. Inaddition, Watlow can supply custom terminations andpackaging to allow direct assembly into customer’sequipment.

Features and BenefitsIntegrated thermal assembly• Cable or tubular heater cast into an aluminum assembly

reduces part count

• Turnkey assembly with associated mechanical andelectro-mechanical components reduce componentcount

• Heat exchangers with heater transfer tubes

Superior temperature uniformity• Homogenous assembly provides maximum heat transfer

• FEA optimizes heater layout

Precision heated part• Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining delivers a

turnkey heated part to customer’s specification

• Uniform flatness specification across process temperaturerange

• Assures part-to-part repeatability

Cast-in Heaters

Teflon® is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

Heaters

Heaters

The ceramic fiber heater product line offers some of thehighest temperature capabilities in the Watlow family ofheaters. This heater family is an excellent solution for hightemperature analytical environmental monitoringinstrumentation. Ceramic fiber heaters are made byintegrating an iron-chrome-aluminum (ICA) heatingelement with refractory ceramic fiber insulation “heatedinsulation.” Heaters constructed of ceramic fiber insulationisolate the heating chamber achieving high processtemperatures while maintaining relative cool outer surfacetemperatures.

Ceramic fiber heaters are extremely low mass with highinsulation value units and self-supported heating elements.Many applications can benefit from the convenience ofthe heating element and insulation combined into onepackage. Its lightweight, low-density properties make it idealfor high-temperature applications requiring fast responseand low thermal mass. Customers will find Watlow’s ceramicfiber heaters used in many analytical applications such asgas chromatography, mass spectrometry, ashingfurnaces, environmental testing and many otherapplications. In addition, the ceramic fiber heater is used incoating applications for medical devices such ascatheters, elastomeric products and medical forming.

Features and BenefitsHigh temperature iron-chrome-aluminum (ICA)resistance elements• Available in five element configurations

Lightweight, low-density alumina-silica composition• Assures a firm, thermal shock resistant, self-supporting unit

Operating temperatures to 1204°C (2200°F)• Provides high temperature performance

Low-mass, ceramic fiber insulation • Allows heater to reach process temperature quickly –

energy is used to heat the load instead of wasting energyon itself

Works directly off common power-line voltages• Eliminates need for expensive transformers or complex

power control systems – compatible with full range ofWatlow temperature controllers and power switchingdevices

Ceramic Fiber Heaters

14 - Heaters

Heaters

CTS are thermal assemblies with components that include atraditional heating element, plus precision mechanicalassembly, temperature sensor, temperature limit and/orother electro-mechanical components. As the nameimplies, the subsystem is critical to the performance of theequipment and is viewed as a valued assembly by thecustomer. Because the customer is able to specify thecomplete thermal subsystem, they can achieve thefollowing benefits improved performance, reducedprocurement costs, reduced design and evaluation timeand easier assembly.

Watlow CTS may be found in mass spectrometers,immunoassay and molecular diagnostic analyzers, DNAthermal cyclers, gas chromatographs and many othertypes of analytical and clinical diagnostic instrumentation.

Features and BenefitsCustom design and validation capabilities• Ongoing laboratory validation for temperature uniformity,

ramp rates, product design and coating performance

• CAD/CAM design and solid modeling

• Design and application engineering expertise inconduction, radiation and convection heat transfer

Interference Fit Construction (IFC) e-beam capabilities• Delivers excellent temperature uniformity

• Ideal for high temperature and corrosive environments

• E-beam weld allows for sandwich heated assemblies

Turnkey assembly• Increases system reliability

• Reduces system cost

Critical Thermal Subassemblies (CTS)

Heaters - 15

CTS assemblies provide excellent temperature uniformity.

16 - Heaters

Watlow miniature FREEFLEX® polymer heated tubingassemblies can heat moving fluids up to 100°C (212°F) ormaintain temperatures as fluids move from the source ofsupply to the point-of-use. The FREEFLEX heaters arecommonly used for transfer lines in immunoassay andchemical diagnostic analyzers. In high-performanceliquid chromatographs, FREEFLEX heaters may be used topreheat samples.

Watlow’s innovative design puts the heating element indirect contact with the miniature polymer tubing, resultingin fast, efficient heating and temperature control over aportion or the entire length of the tube. FREEFLEX heatedtubing has a durable “jacket” over the heating element thatallows tubing to bend, flex or coil on equipment that moves.FREEFLEX can also be formed and routed around othersystem components in stationary applications. For addedversatility, FREEFLEX is available with optional thermocouplesor thermistor temperature sensors incorporated into thethermal system.

Features and BenefitsFlexible heat-up and transport system• Eliminates the need for heated reservoir systems in many

applications

Heating element directly contacts tubing• Provides fast, efficient more responsive heating

Three configurations available• FREEFLEX design – allows tubing to flex, coil or bend

around system components

• Pre-formed design – allows longer tube length in smallervolume

• Molded design – provides a compact heating assemblyfor easy installation

Integral sensors• Maintains close control of heater and fluid temperatures

Miniature sizes as small as 1⁄32-inch (0.792 mm) insidediameter• Transports and heats fluids in even the smallest spaces

FREEFLEX® Heaters

Heaters

The FREEFLEX heater shown in orange above, in an immunoassaymachine, is delivering fast and efficient heat to the solution.

Heaters - 17

Polyimide is a thin, lightweight organic polymer film thatprovides excellent tensile strength, tear resistance anddimensional stability. Polyimide heaters are best suited formedical device applications and clinical diagnosticinstrumentation requiring low-mass heaters. In analyticalinstrumentation applications, polyimide has the additionalattributes of low outgassing for vacuum environments and isresistance to radiation, fungus, solvents and many otherchemicals.

Watlow can assist in the development of the polyimideheater to meet the exact application requirements. Precisetemperature distribution, the proper bonding or attachmentmethods to subassemblies can reduce installation costs.Applications include IV heaters, respirators, eye surgery,endoscope warmers and sleep apnea. Watlow’sengineering staff will work with the customer to standardizea heater design and develop a production schedule thatfits their needs.

Watlow is equipped to fulfill challenging engineering andproduction needs with the ability to handle customerproduction requirements from a few heaters per year up to1,000s of heaters a month.

Features and BenefitsExcellent physical and electrical properties• Results in thermal stability over temperature as high as

200°C (392°F)

Transparent polyimide material• Allows inspection of internal details

Resists radiation and fungus• Allows use in a wide range of applications

and recognitions• Available on many custom designs

Polyimide Flexible Heaters

Heaters

and are registered trademarks of Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc.

Polyimide is a universal or generic term for Kapton®. Kapton® is a registeredtrademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company

A flexible heaterassembly with apolyimide lead used inDNA test equipment.

A polyimide heater isbonded to a customer

supplied plate to be used in arenal dialysis machine.

Rugged, yet thin, lightweight and flexible – the use ofWatlow silicone rubber heaters is limited only by yourimagination. With these heaters, you can put the heatwhere it is needed and, in the process, improve heattransfer, speed warm-ups and decrease wattagerequirements. Fiberglass-reinforced silicone rubber gives yourheater dimensional stability without sacrificing flexibility.Because very little material separates the element from thepart, heat transfer is rapid and efficient.

Silicone rubber heaters are used in clinical diagnosticanalyzers such as thermal cyclers and heating micro titerplates, hemotology instrumentation, urine analyzers,immunoassay instrumentation, histology equipment, aswell as many other analyzers. The heater can be formed tofit many custom designed components within the deviceand supplied as a thermal assembly to reduce installationcosts. Additionally, Watlow can supply the heaters as acomplete thermal assembly. Flexible heaters are also usedin analytical instrumentation such as high performanceliquid chromatographic (HPLC), gas chromatography,mass spectrometry and laboratory equipment such asshakers/stirrers and centrifuges. Customers will also findWatlow heaters in a variety of medical equipmentincluding syringe heaters, infant warmers, respiratorytherapy equipment, CPAP and VPAP equipment.

From a few quick-turn prototypes to production volumes ofthousands of heaters per year, Watlow is equipped toproduce heater volumes that fit any customer’s needs.

Features and BenefitsDesigned in the exact shape and size you need• Conforms to your equipment• Provides excellent temperature distribution

, and VDE recognitions• Available on many designs

Moisture and chemical-resistant silicone rubber material• Provides longer heater life

Vulcanizing adhesives or fasteners available• Heaters bond easily to your part

Process temperature range:• Process temperature to 220°C (428°F)

Silicone Rubber Heaters

18 - Heaters

Top Layer of InsulationSheath Material

Bottom Layer of InsulationSheath Material

Etched FoilElement

Wire-WoundElement

Heaters

Silicone rubber heater construction

Heaters - 19

Watlow’s syringe heaters produce consistent results byreducing temperature and viscosity variations. Theseheaters provide a heated fluid and drug delivery solutionthat maximizes patient comfort while reducing risk.

Precise fluid temperatures greatly increase patient’scomfort levels. Body temperature injections are more easilyintroduced to patients and have reduced viscosity. Heatedcontrast media minimizes patient risk and is particularlybeneficial for patients in a frail or distressed condition.

The syringe heater offers superior operational life and isavailable in two configurations to provide flexibility andadaptability. It is customizable to most OEM requirementsand features an optional, precise and repeatabletemperature sensing controller. The syringe heater’ssilicone/wire configuration provides a flexible solution tocustomers with varying syringe sizes, while itspolycarbonate/foil configuration option deliversfunctionality and a high tech look. The heater design alsofeatures a clear polycarbonate laminate construction,which allows technicians to view fluid levels and monitor forair bubbles. Plus, its smooth outer surface and radius on allinside corners facilitates easy cleaning.

An over-mold on the syringe heater houses the electroniccontroller and/or temperature sensor for trouble-freeservicing and extended heater life. This feature can bemodified and color matched for a seamless and integratedappearance.

Features and BenefitsLong operational life• Improves system reliability

• Reduces equipment down time – minimizes the need toreschedule procedures

Two heater configurations provide flexibility andadaptability• Silicone/wire – maximum flexibility to accommodate

various syringe sizes

• Polycarbonate/foil – high-tech look and functionality

Customizable to most OEM requirements• Over-mold can be modified and color matched for a

seamless, integrated appearance

Optional precise, repeatable temperature sensingcontrol• Maximizes patient comfort

• Minimizes patient risk

• Increases the consistency of test results by eliminatingtemperature and viscosity variations

• Longer product life versus bimetal thermostats

Syringe Heaters

Heaters

The syringe heater above is shown heating the fluid for ultimatepatient comfort.

20 - Heaters

Watlow’s thick film heaters provide superior thermalcharacteristics and smaller heater profiles thanconventional metal heaters with wire wound elements. Thickfilm heaters are available on 400 stainless steel substrates oron aluminum oxide (alumina) Al2O3. Using these materials,Watlow can offer thick film heaters designed with multiplecircuits and ramp rates up to 40°C (72°F) per second. Inaddition, Watlow’s thick film technology offers designersmulti-zone capability within each heater, enabling optimaltemperature performance.

Think film heaters are used in analytical instrumentationapplications including gas chromatography injectors andwater analyzers. In laboratory equipment, thick filmheaters are used in heater blocks, sterilizers and otherinstruments that need uniform heat distribution with fastthermal response.

Features and BenefitsLow profile package• Ideal for applications with limited space

• Can be designed to fit around mounting holes, notches,sensors, etc.

Low thermal mass and high watt density• Fast response to power

Single or multiple circuits• Uniform or distributed temperature profile for optimum

process performance

Process temperatures• Can be designed for application up to 550°C (1025°F)

and for use in harsh environments

Thick Film Heaters

Dielectric overglaze

Custom resistorcircuit

Layers ofdielectric glass

Stainless steel oraluminum oxide(alumina) Al2O3substrate

The construction of Watlow’s thick film layered heaters comes from layering differentfilm coatings directly onto conductive surfaces.

Heaters

Heaters - 21

Watlow’s round and flat tubular heating elements are highperformance metal sheath heaters. Tubular heaters are aproven reliable and robust technology. These heaters areused in both radiant and convection modes to provideuniform temperature profiles in laboratory equipment andmedical device applications. Tubular elements andassemblies from Watlow generate all the heat necessary inthese processes; and are virtually 100 percent energyefficient.

Customers will find Watlow tubular heaters used inlaboratories throughout the world. Tubular heaters are alsoused in sterilizers and environmental chambers, as well asin medical applications to provide radiant heat in babyincubators and to heat liquids in non-evasive surgicalequipment.

Features and BenefitsPrecision bending with intricate formations• Enables heating element to be designed around

available space to maximize efficiency

High-limit internal thermocouple• Reduces assembly costs and is more responsive and

accurate

High temperature, moisture-resistant seals• Protects against moisture contamination and are rated to

400°C (752°F)

MAgnesium Oxide (MgO) insulation filled sheath• Maximizes dielectric strength, heat transfer and life

• Low leakage current at high temperature

Tubular Heaters

Heaters

Metal SheathThreadedStud

Nickel-ChromiumResistance Wire MgO Insulation

Terminal Pin

Wire to Pin 360˚Fusion Weld

Tubular heater construction

22 - Temperature Controllers and Connectivity

Temperature Controllers and Connectivity

The EZ-ZONE™ ST integrated control loop is an excellentsolution for analysis instrumentation such as surface areaanalyzers and gravimetric sorption analyzers and othertypes of analyzers that require precision temperaturecontrol while benefiting from space and manufacturingsimplicity of an integrated control system.

EZ-ZONE ST is the first product to integrate temperaturecontrol, power control, safety shut-down and powerdisconnect in a single package. It features a PIDtemperature controller already connected to a highamperage solid state relay (SSR) with the option of addinga properly sized heat sink, current measurement, anover/under temperature limit, a definite purposemechanical contactor and digital communications in onepackage.

Additional features of the EZ-ZONE ST include back panel orDIN-rail mounting, a touch safe package, ±0.1 percenttemperature accuracy and a three-year warranty. Watlow’sEZ-ZONE ST is UL®, CSA, RoHS, W.E.E.E., NEMA 4X and IP65approved. The combination of control, limit, diagnostic andpower switching functions in a compact package will alsosimplify design and manufacture laboratory equipmentsuch as distillation equipment, environmental enclosuresand bioreactors.

Features and BenefitsBack panel or DIN-rail mount• Provides several mounting options

Compact package and touch-safe package• Reduces panel size

• Complies to IP2X which increases safety for user

EZ-ZONE ST P3T Armor Sealing System Remote UserInterface (RUI)• Complies to NEMA 4X, IP65 RUI

• Offers water and dust resistance, can be cleaned andwashed down

PID temperature control• Provides accurate temperature control

• Allows standard PID or advanced PID tuning algorithms

• Advance controllability TRU-TUNE®+ algorithms for meetingdemanding controllability requirements

System diagnostics• Provides continuous self-monitoring alerts when there is

any system trouble to reduce maintenance and servicecosts

EZ-ZONE™ ST Integrated Control Loop

UL® is a registered trademark of Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc.

For the latest information on the EZ-ZONE ST, visitwww.watlow.com/ez-zone.

Temperature Controllers and Connectivity

Temperature Controllers and Connectivity - 23

Watlow’s SERIES SD family of PID temperature controllersnow feature the TRU-TUNE+ adaptive control algorithm,which offers tighter control for analytical instrumentationand laboratory equipment applications. The controller finetunes thermal loops more precisely than typical auto-tunefeatures. It provides stable control through set point andload changes, reducing scrap and rework even whenconditions vary.

SERIES SD controllers boast affordable pricing, performanceand advanced features to suit a wide range ofapplications in temperature and process control. Thesesingle-channel controllers include a universal sensor inputwith up to three outputs that can be programmed for heator cool temperature control, as well as process or deviationalarms.

The SERIES SD controllers are supported by WATVIEW,Watlow’s Windows®-based Human Machine Interface (HMI)software. The software can be used to set up, monitor andedit the values of controller parameters, monitor andmanage alarms and log and graph process data. TheSERIES SD is available in 1⁄32, 1⁄16, 1⁄8 and 1⁄4 DIN-panel mountsizes, include UL®, C-UL®, CSA and CE certification andinclude a NEMA 4X (IP65) seal. These controllers aremanufactured in an ISO 9001-registered Watlow facility andis backed by an industry-leading, three-year warranty.

Features and BenefitsTRU-TUNE+ adaptive control algorithm• Tighter control for demanding temperature/process

applications

Watlow’s INFOSENSE™ sensor technology• Improves sensor accuracy by a minimum of 50 percent

Watlow’s patented User Defined Menu System• Allows the user to make the most frequently used

parameters most easily accessible

• Improves operational efficiency

“Save and Restore” feature for user settings• Allows the user to save individual or factory settings

• Eliminates the need to contact the OEM or factory torestore settings

WATVIEW HMI• Permits operation, configuration and data logging via a

standard Windows® PC

SERIES SD Temperature and Process Controller

Windows® is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.DeviceNet™ is a trademark of Open DeviceNet Vendors Association.

24 - Temperature Controllers and Connectivity

Watlow’s DIN-A-MITE® family of solid state power controllersprovide Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) control, heat sink,wiring and touch-safe exterior in one package. Bydesigning the DIN-A-MITE as a total power controller unit,the need to prep wires for terminals, find the right heat sinkand determine adequate terminations is eliminated.DIN-A-MITE power controllers are excellent for analyticalinstrumentation and laboratory equipment applicationswhere optimum system performance is required and spaceis at a premium. Typical applications where customers willfind DIN-A-MITEs include environmental chambers andgas chromatographs.

Features and BenefitsSimple design, fast installation• Easy installation with no separate components

• Reduce space requirements for power switchingcomponents

• UL® 508 Listed, C-UL® Approved, VDE 0160, License #91623and CE

Variable time base and burst firing• Optimum temperature control

• Zero-cross switching

• Reduces electrical noise, radio frequency interferenceand electromagnetic interference

Power Switching

C-UL® is a registered trademarks of the Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc.

Temperature Controllers and Connectivity

Rugged, back-to-back SCR design• Ensures long term reliability

• Tolerates harsh industrial environments and electricalspikes

• Fast solid state switching

Protecting against over/under temperature conditions isparamount for safety in medical devices, analytical andclinical diagnostic instrumentation and laboratoryequipment. Most agencies require redundant safetyprotection to prevent hazardous over/under temperatureconditions. Additionally, instrumentation manufacturers andlab technicians want over/under temperature protection forpatients and or valuable test samples.

Watlow’s limit controllers provide an economical solution forlife science applications. The limit controllers are available ina broad range of packaging options, allowing users toselect the best version for their individual application. Thelimits are available with or without an operator interfaceand can be ordered in various panel mount, DIN-rail mountor open board design configurations.

Features and BenefitsFixed or adjustable set points• Provides tamper-proof operation

• Offers control flexibility

Heat or cool operation• Provides application flexibility

High or low limit with auto or manual reset• Provides application flexibility

Temperature Limit Controllers

Sensor break protection• Provides positive system shutdown

Agency approvals• Meets UL®, CE and FM certification

requirements/compliance

Sensors - 25

Sensors

Temperature sensor accuracy, repeatability and stabilityover operating life are critical for your medical devicesand analytical instruments. Designing the best sensor foran application requires knowledge of material science,thermodynamics, electrical properties, processspecification, connectivity and asset management.Watlow’s advanced sensor technologies andunderstanding of the application give us the capability todesign sensor assemblies that support new medicalequipment and process challenges.

Watlow’s thermistor, RTD and thermocouple sensorassemblies are specially designed to ensure precise andrepeatable temperature characteristics. One suchapplication is a small diameter disposable thermocoupleassembly designed for use in endoscopes. Watlow sensorassemblies are typically found integrated with a Watlowheater in clinical diagnostic and analyticalinstrumentation.

Features and BenefitsHighly stable and accurate• Provides dependable, accurate readings

Repeatable• Traceable to U.S. National Institute of Standards and

Technology (NIST)

Interchangeable • Allows probes from different lots to be substituted without

recalibration

Small size and low mass• Enables very fast response to small changes in

temperature

Temperature Sensor Technologies

Thermocouples

Temperature

Volt

age

V

T

Thermistors

Temperature

Res

ista

nce

R

T

RTDs

Temperature

Res

ista

nce

R

T

Watlow offers an array ofprecision sensor products

26 - Design Services

Design Services

EtherNet/IP™ is a trademark of ODVA.DeviceNet™ is a trademark of Open DeviceNet Vendors Association.Modbus® is a registered trademark of Schneider Automation Incorporated.UL® is a registered trademarks of Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc.

Watlow has over 30 years experience servicing the lifescience industry with custom electro-mechanicalcontrollers. We offer complete design services from conceptthrough design and into manufacturing and aftermarketsupport. Our core competencies in thermal solutions give usthe ability to design integrated heater, sensor and controllersolutions that are not possible for most custom controldesign houses.

A testimony to our success is the fact we are supportingmany of our customer’s through their third and fourthgeneration designs. This is especially important in today’sworld where electronic component obsolescence hasbecome commonplace. Watlow is considered a worldleader for design innovation in precision medical devices,environmental chamber and clinical diagnosticinstrumentation controllers.

Watlow’s custom control electronics offer OEMs innovativesolutions for both thermal and non-thermal applicationrequirements. Watlow’s technological expertise inmicroprocessor technology, combined with multiple I/Oapplications including RTD, thermocouple and thermistorinput for precise temperature measurement. In medicalapplications we have designed and manufacturedTenzcare pain relief units, gas monitor systems, oxygencontrols, patient warming control systems and othermedical applications.

Electro-mechanical design capabilities include:• Hardware and software design

• Packaging and PC board design

• Agency standards UL®, CSA, FM, CE and others

• ISO quality auditing procedures

• RoHS and W.E.E.E compliant

Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS)

Watlow has a unique approach to providing fast and cost-effective design and prototype services for customcontrollers in clinical diagnostic and analyticalinstrumentation applications. Our custom control platformsenhance reliability, reduce agency approval time andprotect our customers from the potential pain involved withelectronic component obsolescence. The platform is basedon a reuse concept where core controller modules, such aspower supplies and sensor inputs, are common to most ofour standard and custom products. The designs are robust,pre-qualified and have agency approvals. Overall Watlowhas the ability to leverage design and manufacturingquantities across a large customer base. Making Watlowable to manage component obsolescence issues andservice the life cycle of your product more effectively.

Watlow’s controllers provide a means to network thethermal aspects of your life science process. Watlow cansupport your conductivity requirements with DeviceNet™Over Can, EtherNet/IP™, Open Can, Modbus® or RS232.

Custom Control Platform

Watlow offers very precise microprocessor technology,leading edge communications, temperature measuringcapabilities, control algorithms and communicationssystems that are Ethernet-compatible. Watlow’s customcontroller solutions are ISO-9001 compliant and aredesigned to meet all UL®, CSA, CE and VDE certifications.

Design Services -27

Design Services

Single Iteration specializes in:• Sensing and control systems

• Thermal-mechanical subsystems

• Computational engineering

When searching for a new, more effective way of doingthings, Watlow helps your company innovate. Single Iterationis Watlow’s engineering services business unit thatspecializes in generating creative ideas and evaluating,designing and prototyping them to get a product to marketfaster. Our Single Iteration team has experience workingwith heated surgical instruments, gas chromatographs,micro titer plates for DNA analyzers and many other lifescience applications. What does Single Iteration do?

• Conceptualizes, designs and validates thermal systems

• Employs computer modeling techniques such as finiteelement analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) to simulate thermal system performance

• Optimizes for temperature uniformity and dynamicresponse

• Provides complete ‘production-ready’ drawing packages

• Completes concept verification and prototypeproduction

• Provides objective ‘peer-reviews’ of submitted designs

Partnering with the Single Iteration staff on your nextdevelopment project will help ensure success. The team is astaff of engineers, scientists and development managerswith solid academic credentials and proven experience. Inaddition, their intimacy with the manufacturing environmentgives them a firm understanding of the current state ofproduction technology in thermal sciences. This ensuresdesigns can be manufactured cost-effectively – every time!

Single Iteration Thermal System Design Service

Gas chromatography injector heater

12001 Lackland Road • St. Louis, Missouri 63146 USA Phone: 314-878-4600 • FAX: 314-878-6814e-mail: info@watlow.com • www.watlow.com

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