life style choices presentation 2014

Active Lifestyles

To be Active

To be Inactive

Essentially how much daily exercise we take

One of the most important lifestyle choices we can make is either:

Adults should do a minimum of 30 minutes moderate-intensity physical activity, five days a week. - NHS Recommendations

As a rule of thumb, exercise of moderate intensity will make you a little warm or sweaty, and slightly out of breath, but no more than that.

We need to look at the impact of 4 main lifestyle choices on our health and Physical Performance:

•Lack of Exercise•Poor Diet•Smoking•Alcohol and Drugs

We need to look at the impact of 4 main lifestyle choices on our health and Physical Performance:

•Lack of Exercise•Poor Diet•Smoking•Alcohol and Drugs

What is meant by an active lifestyle?What is meant by an active lifestyle?

The British Darts Organisation was campaigning for their sport to be included in the 2012 London Olympics; and to that end, they've opened the Darts School of Excellence in London. It's for for kids ages 7 to 18, as England attempts to groom the next generation of great darts players.

Activities come under the three headings of:

Competitive Sport

Active Recreation/Leisure

Health and Well Being Activities

In the next 2 minutes write out as many sports, pastimes or activities as you can think of and then categorise them.

What different types of activity are there and why do people participate in them?Competitive Sport: Where performance is very important. This has organised leagues, referees, marked pitches and strict rules. Sport may be a Job for some as well as competitive activity they enjoy.

Active Recreation/Leisure/:Where active participation is important rather than performance standards.

Health and Well Being: This may be due to personal choice(to improve body image or self esteem or purely enjoyment) or medical recommendation (GP Referral, cardiac rehabilitation). It can be:

a) Scientific – based on a training programme

b) Ad-hoc – unstructured – whenever you get time

Obesity

Obesity is a major problem in the UK and the western world. But it is not the actual obesity that is killing people it the associated illnesses that arise as a result of obesity e.g. heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

Obesity is caused by Lack of Exercise

and a Poor Diet?

“Obesity reduces life expectancy by 10 years” One in four 11 to 15 year olds was classified as obese in 2004

Obesity

Task – In your groups you are to produce a short film about your given topic:•Obesity and associated diseases – the facts!•The perils of drinking too much alcohol – when the fun is over what lasting effects happen to the body!•Smoking – don’t let your health go up in smoke!•Drugs – Not all fun and games – the detrimental side effects of illegal drugs.

Rules:Short film but not two short. Key facts about problems and

diseases associated with these lifestyle choices. Must all star in the movie at some point. Do the research and investigate before starting to film. You must also produce a poster/handout to

summarise your research. This needs to be high quality and worthy of display.

What are the negative affects of obesity on health?

Examiners Tip: You are asked to EXPLAIN these – the ‘man in the pub answer’ is not enough!

ATHEROSCLEROSIS: ‘Bad cholesterol’ (LDL Low density Lipoproteins)– found in saturated fats forms plaques which attach to artery and arteriole walls causing a small blockages. ‘Good Cholesterol’ (HDL – High Density Lipoproteins) helps to reduce the effect of LDL’s so if we have a good ratio of HDL:LDL cholesterols it is good for our health Arthero/LDL clip (Coronary Heart Disease)

ATHEROSCLEROSIS: ‘Bad cholesterol’ (LDL Low density Lipoproteins)– found in saturated fats forms plaques which attach to artery and arteriole walls causing a small blockages. ‘Good Cholesterol’ (HDL – High Density Lipoproteins) helps to reduce the effect of LDL’s so if we have a good ratio of HDL:LDL cholesterols it is good for our health Arthero/LDL clip (Coronary Heart Disease)HYPERTENSION : These blockages in the arteries cause higher blood pressure known as Hypertension High blood pressure

HYPERTENSION : These blockages in the arteries cause higher blood pressure known as Hypertension High blood pressure

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : Lack of exercise can cause arteries to harden so stopping Vasodilation and vasoconstriction Angina

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : Lack of exercise can cause arteries to harden so stopping Vasodilation and vasoconstriction Angina

HEART ATTACK: When a blood vessel supplying the heart becomes totally blocked or STROKE if this occurs in the brain

HEART ATTACK: When a blood vessel supplying the heart becomes totally blocked or STROKE if this occurs in the brain

DIABETES: Occurs when we are unable to control our blood sugar levels. YoutubeDIABETES: Occurs when we are unable to control our blood sugar levels. Youtube

When we eat carbohydrate our blood sugar levels rise and our Pancreas releases Insulin to control this.

When we eat carbohydrate our blood sugar levels rise and our Pancreas releases Insulin to control this.

If we consume a great deal of simple carbohydrate or sugars (e.g. sweets, fizzy drinks) our blood sugar rises dramatically.

If we consume a great deal of simple carbohydrate or sugars (e.g. sweets, fizzy drinks) our blood sugar rises dramatically.

A great deal of insulin has to be released to control this sugar and over time the body becomes tolerant of the insulin and it no longer has an effect. insulin 2

A great deal of insulin has to be released to control this sugar and over time the body becomes tolerant of the insulin and it no longer has an effect. insulin 2

The explanation…….

The Benefits of exercise. Its effects on obesity/ health and physical performance......... regular exam question!!!

Burn off more of the calories consumed so reducing obesity. – negative energy balance

Exercise increases ratio of HDL(good) to LDL(bad) Cholesterol

Raises Basal metabolic rateMaintains higher than usual metabolic rate up to 5

hours after exerciseHelps control blood glucose levels so reducing

possibility of diabetes.Reduced blood pressure due to increased elasticity

of arteriesMaintains bone density so reduces risk of

osteoporosisCardiac hypertrophy can help reduce potential of

heart attack

10 mark question

2012 Mark scheme

BMI

• Calculated Weight (KGs)/Height (M) squared.

• Underweight – below 18.5

• Overweight - 25-29.9

• Obese – over 30

• http://www.bhf.org.uk/bmi/BMI_Calc.html

Obesity Trends - U.S. Adults (1985 – 2009)

Obesity Trends - U.S. Adults (1985 – 2009)

Definitions:

• Obesity: having a very high amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass, or Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher.

• Body Mass Index (BMI): a measure of an adult’s mass in relation to their height, specifically the adult’s mass (kg) divided by the square of their height (m).

Definitions:

• Obesity: having a very high amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass, or Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher.

• Body Mass Index (BMI): a measure of an adult’s mass in relation to their height, specifically the adult’s mass (kg) divided by the square of their height (m).

Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985

No Data <10% 10%–14%

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)



No Data <10% 10%–14%




No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%




No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20




No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%



(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%






No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%



(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%




No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%


1999

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985, 1990, 1999, 2009

(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person)

20091990

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

1985


1999

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990, 1999, 2009

(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person)

2009

1990

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%


http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics

Link between obesity and diabetes?

SmokingCigarette smoking is the greatest single cause of illness and premature death in the UK. Smoking reduces life expectancy by up to 10 years. Smoking-related deaths are mainly due to cancers and serious heart and lung problems.

Lung Cancer: 80% of cases are smoking relatedLung Cancer: 80% of cases are smoking related

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). – a serious lung diseaseChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). – a serious lung disease

Heart disease is the biggest killer illness in the UKHeart disease is the biggest killer illness in the UK

Other conditions where smoking often causes worse symptoms include: asthma, colds, flu, chest infections etc.

Other conditions where smoking often causes worse symptoms include: asthma, colds, flu, chest infections etc.

Alcohol and DrugsIn the UK deaths due to alcohol related diseases have risen considerably over the last 20 years or so. This is because both heavy and binge drinking have become more common

Liver, stomach and heart diseasesLiver, stomach and heart diseases

High Blood pressure linked to obesityHigh Blood pressure linked to obesity

Drugs create a psychological dependence and a physical dependence. There is no illegal drug that does not have serious adverse consequences to our health and well being.

What are schools and local communities doing to reduce obesity?

The 5 Hour offer: For 5-16 year olds the government would like 2 hours high quality curriculum PE and 3 hours of sport beyond the curriculum delivered through a range of school, community and club providers

Healthier food - Jamie Oliver

PESSCL Strategy: PE and School Sports Club Links: Strengthening links between schools and clubs to move young people on through the system and encourage participation.

Sports Colleges: Promoting sport in a family of schools

Active England:a £100m programme, funded by Sport England and The Big Lottery Fund to support projects that increase participation.

• Sportivate is an Olympic Legacy programme running up to 2017

• Helps local people organise exciting 6-8 week sports programmes for young people.

• Sportivate offers funding for activities that are organised because young people want to try them.

• E.g. Free Running, Snow Boarding, Dodgeball or Climbing.

• It's about putting on activities that 11-25 year old will be interested in and ensuring there are places for young people to carry on that activity after the 6 to 8 week project.

'a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity'

the ability to meet the demands of our environment

planned, structured physical activity that enhances our physical, mental, and social health and fitness

'a state of being healthy, happy and prosperous'

Exercise is the central link between Health, Fitness and Well-being. It improves the physical, social and psychological aspects of an individual.

Exercise is the central link between Health, Fitness and Well-being. It improves the physical, social and psychological aspects of an individual.

Some often used terms and what links themSome often used terms and what links them

Health

Fitness

Exercise

Well-being

Fitness and Fitness Testing• Components of

fitness – Health Related: CV

Endurance, Muscular endurance, strength, flexibility

– Skill related: Agility, balance, speed, power, reaction time, co-ordination

Why test? •Base-line tests are used to get initial information•Re-tests are used to get subsequent information•Results give info as where the performer is NOW•Identify strengths & weaknesses•Show progress•Give the coach info for team selection•Give the coach info for position selection•Motivate the performer

TESTS – name some!

Lab v field testsLab testsMore accurate

Specialist equipment & facilities

Can be expensive1:1 analysis

Field testsLess accurate

Simple equipment & facilitiesCheaper

Can be done with larger groups of performers (eg

school groups)

A SEDENTARY person is someone who does no physical activity (a

couch-potato)

Which fitness tests that you have done

might not be suitable for a sedentary

individual?

Which tests would be OK?

What provision for sport is available in our area?

Teams? Leagues? Level? Turn up and play? Age involved? Which sports? Range?

Fitness activities?

Frequency/When?

What level?

Activities available

What provision for competitive sport is available in our area?

Location

Produce an A3 poster using above format – 20min

What different types of activity are there and why do people participate in them?Competitive Sport: Where performance is very important. This has organised leagues, referees, marked pitches and strict rules. Sport may be a Job for some as well as competitive activity they enjoy.

Active Recreation/Leisure/:Where active participation is important rather than performance standards.

Health and Well Being: This may be due to personal choice(to improve body image or self esteem or purely enjoyment) or medical recommendation (GP Referral, cardiac rehabilitation). It can be:

a) Scientific – based on a training programme

b) Ad-hoc – unstructured – whenever you get time

Approaches to Sport/ Health Activities

Scientific:

Following a strict and scientifically based training regime with a set aim in mind

Ad-Hoc: unstructured

Training or exercising in a random fashion without any real planning or particular goal

Highly Effective but often less enjoyable Less effective but

often more enjoyable

A Performance

Pyramid

Competitive Sport (performance)

Active Recreation

Leisure

Health, Fitness, Well-being, GP Referrals, Improving body image (enjoyment/medical/health)

May be unstructured and simple

organisation

Unscientific?

Highly Organised and structured –

leagues etc.

Representative Honours

Scientific

A Performance

Pyramid

Mass Participation – Grass Roots sportMass Participation – Grass Roots sport

Excellence – Elite SportExcellence – Elite Sport

Mass Participation

Sporting Excellence

Using a Performance Pyramid like the one above discuss the following:

• What are the motives for a performer at each level of the pyramid?

•Using an example explain how it is possible for an activity to feature at different levels of the pyramid. If so how will it be different?

Recreation/Leisure

In my chosen sport how would someone get involved locally and then what would be their development

pathway?

In my chosen sport how would someone get involved locally and then what would be their development

pathway?

Primary school or local Tots club (parental support)

Primary school or local Tots club (parental support)

Secondary school – teams or local junior

clubsRossendale Schools Team

Secondary school – teams or local junior

clubsRossendale Schools Team

Age group teams – U11, U14, U16

Age group teams – U11, U14, U16

Coach might recommend for trials

Coach might recommend for trials

Sco

uts

from

loca

l tea

ms

County/Regional Representation

Poss. professional club

County/Regional Representation

Poss. professional club

National Representation

National Representation

Players may also wish to follow a coaching role in their sport. This is

supported by many current initiatives and usually coaching

courses can be paid for. The Government are very keen to

develop Young Leaders especially as a legacy of the 2012 Olympics.

Gymnastics – Long Term Athlete Development

How is talent identified in my Sport?

Single System

• The Single System is the development pathway for players, coaches and officials of all ages and abilities to reach their full potential.

• It is based on Long Term Athlete Development (LTAD) principles that put the participant at the centre of all decisions, with extensive scientific research that has been widely accepted by the majority of other major sports within England

Promoting Sport in the UKElite Sport

UK Sport - No Compromise - World Class Performance Pathway (Podium, Development, Talent)

Talent Identification Team:

Girls for Gold

Tall and Talented

Fighting Chance

Paralympic Potential

EIS Support for Athletes

Mass Participation

Sport England – Grow, Sustain, Excel

NGB – Grow their sport – Active people survey

School Sports Partnerships: SSCO, PESSYP/ PESSCL

‘The 5 hour offer’

“Playground to podium” – nurturing disabled young people and adults with potential to be elite athletes.

National Lottery Funding and money from Central Government(DCMS) – CCPR represents sport to government

AgeOverall, according to self-reported data, 39% of men and 29% of women met the government’s physical activity recommendations (30 minutes moderate physical

activity, 5 times a week) in 2008. Objective accelerometer data, collected for the first time in 2008, showed that actually only 6% of men and 4% of women met the

recommendations. Self-reported data is influenced by the respondent’s ability to accurately recall and assess their physical activity

Activity – Define and show the links between….

Define the concepts of leisure?

• Defined: time during which you have no obligations to work or to family, and are free to engage in self-directed and chosen activities

• Something that is engaged during freetime – free from obligations

• A time when you engage in freely chosen activities

• Used for ease and relaxation• Done for enjoyment

Recreation Definition

• “Enaged in activities that refresh, relax or enable the re-creation of oneself after the rigours or work or day to day life!”

• As people in the world’s healthier regions lead increasingly sedentary lifestyles, the need for recreation has increased.

• The rise of so called active vacations exemplifies this!

Physical activity continuum• Level of organisationPlay Leisure Physical Rec/Active Leisure Outdoor PE Sport

Least organised most organised

• CompetitionPlay Leisure Outdoor Physical Rec/Active Leisure PE Sport

Least competitive most competitive

How have leisure patterns changed in the last 15 years?

Reference: DCMS (2012-13), Taking Part: The National Survey of Culture, Leisure and Sport 2012-13 Quarter 2 Statistical release Dec 2012

Why have leisure patterns changed in

the last 15 years

Reasons for reduced participation in sport

Reasons For Increased Participation

• INCREASED LEISURE TIME - people nowadays have much more leisure time than in the past.

• Some people like to spend this time visiting health and fitness clubs whilst others prefer a walk in the countryside.

• People are much more mobile now so a visit to the seaside for example is easy to access.

• There are several reasons for this increase in leisure time.

• THE SHORTER WORKING WEEK - in the UK today workers work 37 hours per week or less. During the 1960’s it was common to work between 40 and 44 hours.

• TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES - technology has reduced the hours it used to take to do many jobs. There are also other benefits for example advances in medicine has meant people are living longer and therefore able to take part in leisure and sporting activities beyond retirement age.

• EARLY RETIREMENT - more people now take an early retirement than ever before

• UNEMPLOYMENT - unemployment gives people time to take part in sport and leisure activities. However money can be an issue.

Factors that influence individual lifestyle choices

Factors that influence individual lifestyle choices

Individual differences/body image

Tradition/Culture

AgeFinance

Disability

What affects people’s Lifestyle Choices?What makes us decide whether to be active or inactive? (Factors affecting participation)

Media/ Marketing

Class

Disability/Ability

Race/Tradition

Education

Age

Money

Sex/Gender

Provision

Opportunity

Self - Esteem

Also family support and Peer pressure have a

strong impact.

What affects people’s Lifestyle Choices?What makes us decide whether to be active or eat healthily, smoke or take drugs?

Media

Education

Class/Finance

Age

Race/Tradition

Individual Differences(Body Image)

Sex/Gender

Disability

Provision/availability of facilities

Family/Friends

ME CAR IS DPink Ferarri

Moving from an inactive lifestyle to active….

• (a) Identify three health screening procedures that could be carried out prior to a sedentary individual undertaking a structured exercise programme. [3]

PAR-Q

• Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)

• For most people, physical activity should not pose any problem or hazard. PAR-Q is designed to identify the small number of adults for whom physical activity might be inappropriate or those who should have medical advice concerning the type of activity most suitable for them.

• Common sense is the best guide in answering these

few questions.

• Has your doctor ever said that you have a bone or joint problem, such as arthritis, that has been aggravated by exercise or might be made worse with exercise? Yes/No

• Do you have high blood pressure? Yes/No

• Do you have low blood pressure? Yes/No

• Do you have Diabetes Mellitus or any other metabolic disease? Yes/No

• Has your doctor ever said that you have raised cholesterol (serum level above 6.2mmol/L)? Yes/No

• Has your doctor ever said that you have a heart condition and that you should only do physical activity recommended by your doctor? Yes/No

• Have you ever felt pain in your chest when you do physical exercise? Yes/No

• Is your doctor currently prescribing you drugs or medication? Yes/No

• Have you ever suffered from unusual shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion?Yes/No

• Is there any history of Coronary Heart Disease in your family? Yes/No

• Do you often feel faint, have spells of severe dizziness or have lost consciousness? Yes/No

• Do you currently drink more than the average amount of alcohol per week (21 units for men and 14 units for women)? Yes/No

• Do you currently smoke? Yes/No

• Do you currently exercise on a regular basis (at least 3 times a week) and work in a job that is physically demanding? Yes/No

• Are you, or is there any possibility that you might be pregnant? Yes/No

• Do you know of any other reason why you should not participate in a programme of physical activity? Yes/No

PARQ

Other answers....

• Monitoring resting heart rate

• Measurement of blood pressure

• Cholesterol or % body fat testing

• BMI measurement

• Sub-maximal fitness testing (e.g. Harvard step test)

• E.C.G

• Blood testing (if specific reason is provided)

• M.R.I. Scanning

• Urine check (if specified)

Exam Style Questions 1. Explain why cholesterol lipoprotein ratios are an important indicator of the health status of an individual? (4)

2. Explain three potential health risks associated with a high percentage of body fat. (6)

3. Explain how various national and local authority schemes are being used in your local schools and wider communities to improve the health status of the population. (6)

4. Competitive sport, active recreation and a balanced diet are seen as key factors in promoting health, fitness and well-being. Why are active recreation and balanced diet key factors in combating obesity in the UK? (6)

5. Using appropriate examples, what have been the main influences on your lifestyle choices? (6)

6. Explain the provision and athlete/player development pathway that is available for a competitive sport in your locality. (4)

7. Government health figures indicate that approximately 1.7 million children will be obese in the U.K. by 2010.Explain the potential health risks to these children in later life and what lifestyle choices could reduce the estimated obesity figures. (10)

life style choices presentation 2014

Education

obesity obesity

obesity health

result of obesity

obesity trends

actual obesity

negative affects of

blood sugar levels

blood vessel