LIFE STYLE DISEASES

HYPERTENSION

DEFINITION - Blood Pressure greater than 140/90 mm of Hg.

RISK FACTORS - Family History Stressful life Sedentary life style Obesity Alcoholism Smoking Extra salt use

PRECAUTIONS & LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS Regular daily exercise (Brisk walking, jogging, running, swimming) Salt restricted diet (No extra salt) Restrict Alcohol consumption (1 drink per day) Avoid smoking Maintain wt in normal range

COMPLICATIONS Heart failure Kidney failure Stroke

DIABETES MELLITUS

DEFINITION - Random Blood Sugar (RBS) greater than 200 mg/dl Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) greater than 126 mg/dl 2 hr Post Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) greater than 200 mg/dl HbA1C greater than 6.5 %

RISK FACTORS Family history Sedentary lifestyle Obesity History of Gestational Diabetes Hypertension Increased Cholesterol levels

PRECAUTIONS & LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS Regular daily exercise (Brisk walking, jogging, running, swimming) Maintain wt in normal range Regular check up of high risk patients Low fat, low carbohydrate dietCOMPLICATIONS Heart attack Stroke Kidney failure Leg ulcers amputation Eye damage

INCREASED CHOLESTEROL

TYPES OF CHOLESTEROL Good Cholesterol HDL Bad Cholesterol LDL, Triglycerides (TG)NORMAL LEVELS Total Cholesterol less than 200 mg/dl Triglycerides (TG) less than 150 mg/dl LDL less than 120 mg/dl HDL greater than 40 mg/dlRISK FACTORS Family history Obesity Sedentary life styleCOMPLICATIONS Heart attack Stroke Limb ischemiaPRECAUTIONS & LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS Regular daily exercise Maintain normal weight Low calorie low fat diet

OSTEOPOROSIS

DEFINITION Reduction in bone strength leading to increased risk of fractures. Common in old age and in females.

RISK FACTORS Female sex Old age Smoking Alcoholism Hormone (estrogen) deficiency Low body wt Sedentary lifestyle Steroid usePRECAUTIONS & LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS Avoid alcohol and smoking Healthy diet Avoid excessive dieting Care of elderly to prevent falls.