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2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 1
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceLifecycle Perspective Lifecycle Perspective ofof
Technologies and PropertiesTechnologies and PropertiesTechnologies and Properties Technologies and Properties of Recycled Aggregate of Recycled Aggregate ConcreteConcretein Japanin Japan
Takafumi NOGUCHIThe University of [email protected]
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 2
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Content
•• IntroductionIntroductionHistory of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling–– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures–– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology–– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures–– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 3
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceEnvironmental Problems in Concrete
IndustriesIndustries
•• Global warmingGlobal warmingResource depletionResource depletion•• Resource depletionResource depletion
•• Waste disposalWaste disposal
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
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NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Building Related CO2 Emission
Housing
construction
Commercial
building
Japan’s totalCO2 emission
1.2 billion
5% construction
6%Building
repair
1%tons Energy for
housing
operationEnergy for
36%36%
Other
industries
64%
11%gy
commercial
building
operation
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
p
13%
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 5
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
CO2 Emission from Concrete Industries2
Portland cement: 1 tonPortland cement: 1 ton
COCO 0 750 75COCO22: 0.75 ton: 0.75 tonDecarbonation of limestone (60 %)Decarbonation of limestone (60 %)Fossil fuel combustion (30 %)Fossil fuel combustion (30 %)
Concrete: 1 mConcrete: 1 m33
COCO22: 0.35 : 0.35 -- 0.45 ton0.45 tonCement production (0 25 ton)Cement production (0 25 ton)
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
Cement production (0.25 ton)Cement production (0.25 ton)Others (0.1 Others (0.1 –– 0.2 ton)0.2 ton)
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 6
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Resource Input into Construction Industries
TotalTotal ConstructionConstruction
Total: 2,000 (million t/year)Total: 2,000 (million t/year) Total: 1,000 (million t/year)Total: 1,000 (million t/year)CONCRETE is the second most widely consumed CONCRETE is the second most widely consumed substances on Earth, after water !substances on Earth, after water !
OthersOthers“LIQUID STONE:NEW ARCHITECTURE IN CONCRETE”“LIQUID STONE:NEW ARCHITECTURE IN CONCRETE”(National Building Museum in Washington D.C.)(National Building Museum in Washington D.C.)
ConstructionConstruction ConcreteConcreteWoodWood
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
1,000 (million 1,000 (million t/year)t/year)50%50%
ConcreteConcrete500 (million t/year)500 (million t/year)50%50%SteelSteel
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Waste Output from Construction Industries
Industrial WasteIndustrial Waste Construction WasteConstruction Waste
Total: 406 (million t/year)Total: 406 (million t/year) Total: 79 (million t/year)Total: 79 (million t/year)
EnergyEnergyOthersOthersA h lA h lWoodWood OthersOthers
EnergyEnergy
AgricultureAgriculture
PulpPulp
SteelSteel
ChemicalChemical Asphalt Asphalt concreteconcreteSludgeSludge
WoodWood
ConstructionConstruction79 ( illi / )79 ( illi / )
ConcreteConcrete35 ( illi35 ( illi
PulpPulp
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
79 (million t/year)79 (million t/year)17%17%
35 (million 35 (million t/year)t/year)42%42%
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 8
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Final Disposal Sites for Waste
200
220
in rea
General
Industrial Waste: 412 (million Industrial Waste: 412 (million t/year)t/year)
180
200
e w
aste
posa
l ar
ion
m3 ) Industrial
140
160
Poss
ible
nal d
isp
(mill
i
120
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
P fi
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
Scarcity of residual capacity of final disposal areas
ResourceResource--recycling recycling societysociety
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 9
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Content
•• IntroductionIntroductionHistory of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling–– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures–– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology–– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures–– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 10
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Recycling Ratio of Concrete
1990RecycleDisposal
Ministry of ConstructionMinistry of ConstructionAction Plan for Construction Action Plan for Construction
ByBy--productsproducts ‘‘9494
1995
ByBy products products 9494Promotion Plan for Promotion Plan for
Construction Waste Construction Waste RecyclingRecycling ’’9797
Basic Law for Establishing aBasic Law for Establishing a
2005
2000
Basic Law for Establishing a Basic Law for Establishing a RecyclingRecycling--based Societybased Society
Construction Material Recycling ActConstruction Material Recycling ActLaw on Promoting Green Law on Promoting Green
PurchasingPurchasing
0 10 20 30 40
Emission of Concrete Lumps (million t)
2005
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
For road For road subbasesubbaseFor mechanical stabilization For mechanical stabilization
underground underground
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 11
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferencePredicted Amount of Future Concrete
WasteWastet)
600
500Concrete Concrete productionproduction
on (
mill
ion
400
300
productionproduction
ConcretConcretD d fD d f
Prod
ucti
o
200
100
ConcretConcreteewastewaste
Demand forDemand forroad road subbasesubbase Greatest part of
future aggregate for concrete
Greatest part of future aggregate for concrete
0
1950 20002050
YearImbalance between Recycling
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YearImbalance betweensupply of concrete
wastedemand for road
subbase
RecyclingFrom Quantity-oriented to Quality-oriented
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 12
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Content
•• IntroductionIntroductionHistory of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling–– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures–– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology–– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures–– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 13
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Standardization of Recycled AggregateStandardization of Recycled Aggregate
19771977 Building Contractors SocietyBuilding Contractors Society“Draft standard for the use of recycled aggregate and recycled y gg g y
concrete”
19941994 Ministry of ConstructionMinistry of Construction“Provisional quality standard for reuse of concrete by-products”Quality requirementsQuality requirements
Density:Density: higherhigher19991999 Building Center of JapanBuilding Center of Japan
“Accreditation criteria of recycled aggregate for building concrete”
20002000 Mi i f I i l T d d I dMi i f I i l T d d I d
Density: Density: higherhigherWater absorption: Water absorption: lowerlower
20002000 Ministry of International Trade and IndustryMinistry of International Trade and Industry“TR A0006 (Low quality recycled aggregate concrete)”
20052005--20072007 Japan Industrial Standards CommitteeJapan Industrial Standards Committee“JIS A 5021 5022 d 5023 (R l d f
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
“JIS A 5021, 5022 and 5023 (Recycled aggregate for concrete, Recycled Concrete)”
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 14
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceSpecified Values of Recycled Aggregate
in JISin JIS
Coarse aggregate Fine aggregate
Density(g/cm3)
Absorption(%)
Density(g/cm3)
Absorption(%)
JIS A5021(Class H)
2.5 or 2.5 or moremore 3.0 or less3.0 or less 2.5 or 2.5 or
moremore 3.5 or less3.5 or less
JIS A5022 2 3 or 2 2 orJIS A5022(Class M)
2.3 or more 5.0 or less 2.2 or
more 7.0 or less
JIS A5023 - 7 0 or less - 13.0 or
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
(Class L) - 7.0 or less - less
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Applications of Recycled Aggregate
Scope of applicationN li it tiN li it ti t th t d
Class -H
No limitationsNo limitations are put on the type and segment for concrete and structures with a nominal strength of 45MPa or less
JIS A 5308 (ReadyJIS A 5308 (Ready mixed concrete)mixed concrete) allowingH JIS A 5308 (ReadyJIS A 5308 (Ready--mixed concrete)mixed concrete) allowing to use Class-H RA for normal strength concrete
Members not subjected to drying orMembers not subjected to drying orClass -
M
Members not subjected to drying or Members not subjected to drying or freezingfreezing--andand--thawing actionthawing action, such as piles, underground beam, and concrete filled in steel tubes
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
steel tubes
Class -L
Backfill concrete, blinding concrete, and Backfill concrete, blinding concrete, and leveling concreteleveling concrete
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Content
•• IntroductionIntroductionHistory of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling–– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures–– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology–– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures–– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 17
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceClassification of Recycling
TechnologiesDemolished Concrete LumpsDemolished Concrete Lumps
Jaw CrusherJaw Crusher
Technologies
Jaw CrusherJaw Crusher
Impact CrusherImpact Crusher
Vibratory SievesVibratory Sieves Cone CrusherCone Crusher
Vibratory SievesVibratory Sieves Heating TowerHeating Tower
Coarse Aggregate ScrubberCoarse Aggregate Scrubber
Road Road SubbaseSubbase,,BackfillBackfill
Vibratory SievesVibratory Sieves
Low Quality Low Quality RecycledRecycled
Fine Aggregate ScrubberFine Aggregate Scrubber
Low Quality Low Quality RecycledRecycled
Vibratory SievesVibratory SievesRecycledRecycledCoarse Coarse
AggregatesAggregates
RecycledRecycledFine Fine
AggregatesAggregates High Quality High Quality Recycled Recycled CoarseCoarse
AggregatesAggregates
High Quality High Quality Recycled FineRecycled Fine
AggregatesAggregates
PowderPowder
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
(a) Road (a) Road SubbaseSubbase (b) Low Quality(b) Low QualityRecycled AggregatesRecycled Aggregates
(c) High Quality(c) High QualityRecycled AggregatesRecycled Aggregates
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 18
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceProblems in Conventional Technology
to Produce High-quality Recycled Aggregateto Produce High quality Recycled AggregateRepeated crushingRepeated crushing••Recovery percentage Recovery percentage d id i
5-10mmnot less
Water Absorption (%) Recovery Percentage
(%)Recycled Fine Aggregate
Size of SuppliedConcrete Lumps
decreasingdecreasing••Fines generation increasingFines generation increasing
than10mm
Recycled CoarseAggregate
GravelAggregate
Powder
Sand
Cement Paste
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
No 1st 2nd 3rd
Number of Crushing Treatment
No 1st 2nd 3rd OriginalConcrete
Crushing Treatment
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 19
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceMechanical Scrubbing Equipment for
High-quality Recycled Aggregate
ConcreteConcretelumpslumps
High quality Recycled Aggregate
EccentricEccentrict b lt b l illill
ExternalExternalcylindercylinder
tubulartubular millmill
MotorMotor
Scrubbing
TransmissionTransmission
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
TransmissionTransmissiongeargearRecoveryRecovery
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 20
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceApplication of Mechanical Scrubbing
MethodMethod
Old apartment Houses12 x 4-storiedConcrete lump: 11,500 t
New apartment Houses7 x 9-19-storiedRecycled coarse aggregate: 3,000 t
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
Recycled concrete volume: 3,000 m3
( Total concrete volume:40,000 m3 )
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 21
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceHeated Scrubbing Equipment for
High-quality Recycled Aggregate
Hot Hot ElevatorElevator
High quality Recycled Aggregate
Rotary Rotary
22ndnd Scrubbing MachineScrubbing MachineDust Dust ChamberChamber
11stst Scrubbing Scrubbing MachineMachine
ElevatorElevator
yyKilnKiln
SieveSieve
Filler TankFiller Tank R l d CR l d CRecycled Coarse Recycled Coarse
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
l dl d5mm5mmRecycled Fine Aggregate Recycled Fine Aggregate --5mm5mm
20mm20mmAggregate 5Aggregate 5--20mm20mmdd
PowderPowderByBy--product product PowderPowder
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 22
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Mechanism of Heated Scrubbing
H ti t R bbiHeating at 300°C
Rubbing process
Concrete rubbleWeakening of
hardenedRemoval of powdered
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
hardened cement paste
powdered cement hydrate
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Application of Heated Scrubbing MethodStorehouse : ・Upper structure : SRC 6-storey・Basement structure : RC 1-storey・Building area : 12,800m2g ,・Total floor area : 62,100m2
Total volume of recycled concrete: 25,000m3
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
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NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Content
•• IntroductionIntroductionHistory of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling–– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures–– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology–– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures–– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 25
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Problems in Current Recycling
ExistingForward-
Existing technology
process production
•• Nosotropic technologyNosotropic technologyNo recycling-conscious design applied– No recycling-conscious design applied
– Materials diffused into a wide range of industries– Finally disposed
• Quality degradation Unstable supply Unstable price
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
• Quality degradation, Unstable supply, Unstable price, Unstable distribution, Increasing environmental impact
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 26
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceConcept of Completely Recyclable
Concrete
NewNew technologytechnology
Concrete
gygy
•• Proactive TechnologyProactive TechnologyUpstream (inverse) processes incorporated– Upstream (inverse) processes incorporated
– Components of concrete completely recycled into concrete
– Resource conserved
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
Resource conserved– Resource circulated in a closed system
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Cement-recovery Type Completely Recyclable Concrete
Crushing &• Concrete whose binders,
additives and aggregates are all made of cement or Operation
DemolitionCrushing &Milling
Calcination
materials of cement, and all of these materials can be used as raw materials f t ft
Semi-closed-loop
Construction
ClinkerGypsum
Recycled cementof cement after hardening
Productionof CRC
Aggregate
y
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 28
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Changes in CO2 Emissions and Dumped Concrete
200200
5% of concrete replaced withcement-recovery type CRC every year
150150
CO2 EmissionDumped concreteCO2 Emission
Dumped concrete
50
100
50
100Dumped ConcreteDumped Concrete
COCO22 EmissionEmissionC l i dC l i d
0
50
0 50 100 150 200 250El d
0
50
0 50 100 150 200 250El d
CalcinedCalcinedlimestone never limestone never emits COemits CO22..
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
Elapsed year(2) Production of CRC
Elapsed year(1) As it is
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 29
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Application of Cement Recovery Type CRC for “Eco-Pole”
Remove andTransportation
Use andOperation
Supply of Pole
Closed Recycle ofConcrete Pole
Manufacture of Pole
Crushing andClassifying
SteelRecycling
Placing of concretePlacing of concrete
Limestone Supply
Raw Material for Cement
Cement Supply
Steam curedSteam cured
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
Limestone Mining
Circulation of Cement
Manufacture of CementRemoval of formRemoval of form
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Aggregate-recovery Type CRC
Chemical treatmentDemolition
Crushing& Si i
Operation
Demolition & Sieving
CalcinationRecycled
t
Physical treatment
Closed-loop
Construction
Clinker
Recycledcement
aggregate
Productionof CRC
Surfacemodifiedaggregate
cement
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 31
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceRecovery and Mechanical Property of
Aggregate-recovery Type CRCAggregate recovery Type CRC
90%)
No treatment Chemical Physical
60
No treatment Chemical Physical
W/C=60%
60708090
ry r
atio
(%
W/C=40%
30405060
gth
(MPa
)
4050
Crushed stone Gravel
Reco
ve
1020
Crushed stone Gravel
Stre
ng•• TTraderade--off relationshipoff relationship remainedremained
– Aggregate recoverability increasedincreasedM h i l ti f t d dd d
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
– Mechanical properties of concrete decreaseddecreased
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 32
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceAdvanced Aggregate Recovery-type
CRC
Surface modification treatment
CRC•• Concrete strength Concrete strength
enhancementenhancement– Aggregate surface modification
I b di f b
Aggregate
Mortar– Increase bonding force between
coarse aggregate and mortar• Fine SCM: pozzolanic reaction• Mineral powder: mechanical
f i ti 330330°C at 10at 10secsec610610°C at 30at 30secsecfriction 330330 C at 10at 10secsec610610 C at 30at 30secsec
•• AAggregate recggregate recoverabilityoverability– Inclusion of dielectric material – Selective heating by microwave
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
< After microwave heating >< Microwave heating >
g y– Weakening aggregate surface– Recovery of aggregate with low
energy
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 33
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceMechanical Properties in Advanced
Aggregate Recovery-type CRCAggregate Recovery type CRC
Increase
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 34
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceAggregate Recovery Ratio in Advanced
Aggregate Recovery-type CRCAggregate Recovery type CRC
Original coarse aggregate Fine aggregate Paste
80100120
io (
%) Decrease
406080
very
rat
i
020
O1 O2 O3 SP80
Reco
v
Increase
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
O1 O2 O3 SP80
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 35
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
CO2 Emission in Concrete Recycling Process
3540
ete)
20253035
/t-c
oncr
e
OthersScrubbingMicrowaveh i
Decrease
5101520
ssio
n (k
g/ heating
05
Heated-
scrubbing
Mechanical-
scrubbing
30sec 60sec 90sec
CO2
emis
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
scrubbing scrubbing
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 36
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceSustainable Resource Recycling Concrete
SocietySocietyDemolition Demolition
and recoveryand recovery
Recycled coarse aggregateRecycled coarse aggregate
Complete Complete separationseparation
Concrete structureConcrete structure
Long-lived Recycled coarse aggregateRecycled coarse aggregate
Recycled Recycled finefine aggregateaggregate(under technology development)(under technology development)
HHighigh--purity purity CaCaMicrowavMicrowave heatinge heating
g
Coarse Coarse aggregateaggregate MModifiedodified
coarsecoarse
ModificationUse as cement raw material
Little Little COCO22emissionemission
FineFineaggregateaggregate
coarse coarse aggregateaggregate
FineFineaggregateaggregate Demolition and Demolition and
CCement ement factoryfactory
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
ByBy--product product powderpowder CementCement
CCompleteompletellyy recyclrecyclaable ble structurestructure
recoveryrecovery
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 37
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Content
•• IntroductionIntroductionHistory of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling–– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures–– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology–– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures–– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 38
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Conclusion
•• Toward Toward sustainable resourcesustainable resource--recycling societyrecycling societyConcrete recycling inConcrete recycling in closed systemclosed system–– Concrete recycling in Concrete recycling in closed systemclosed system
•• Current method: Some technical and social problemsCurrent method: Some technical and social problems
–– Adoption of technology enhancing Adoption of technology enhancing resource resource conservabilityconservability at the stage of designat the stage of designconservability conservability at the stage of designat the stage of design
•• Completely recyclable concreteCompletely recyclable concrete•• New technology with New technology with aggregate surface modification aggregate surface modification and and
microwave radiationmicrowave radiation–– Overcoming inherent conflicting properties in concrete recycling Overcoming inherent conflicting properties in concrete recycling –– Achieving high performance of concreteAchieving high performance of concrete–– Energy saving and Energy saving and small COsmall CO22 emission emission in concrete recyclingin concrete recycling–– Fully recoveringFully recovering original aggregateoriginal aggregate
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
–– Generating cement raw materials which Generating cement raw materials which never emit COnever emit CO22
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 39
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Thank you for your kind Thank you for your kind استماعكم حسن على استماعكمأشكرآم حسن على !!أشكرآم y f yy f yattention!attention!م ن ى م مر ن ى م !!ر
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
[email protected]@bme.arch.t.u--tokyo.ac.jptokyo.ac.jp