Lifestyle/ChronicDiseases ( Non-Communicable)

Unit 8 In The Book

Page 514

Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases

- diseases caused by lifestyle choices, genetics, and/or

environment and not communicable.

Factors That Have An Influence

Cardiovascular Diseases(diseases of the CV system)

p.515Heart Diseases- any disease of the heart

muscle or other working parts of the heart.Coronary Heart Disease- A disease in which

the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked.

Coronary Artery- is a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart muscles.

Plaque- hardened deposits of fat.

Factors which could lead to CVD-gender, heredity, smoking, hypertension,

high cholesterol, poor diet, diabetes, obesity, lack of exercise & stress.

Leading Causes of Death

Types of Diabetes523

Insulin-

Glucose-

Heart Attack(Myocardial Infarction)

P. 517

- Death of heart muscle (no O2)

Blood Vessels p.210

1. Arteries- carry blood away from the heart, largest blood vessels with thick muscular walls.

2. Veins- carry blood towards the heart.

3. Capillaries- connect arteries to veins.

Blood Vessel Problems

Thrombus- a stationary clot in the blood.

Embolus- a traveling blood clot.

Aneurysm- the ballooning out of an artery at a point where it has become weak.

Hemorrhage- the breaking of an artery wall at a point where it has grown weak.

Atherosclerosisp.516

- a disease in which plaque collects on artery walls.

Arteriosclerosis- tends to occur naturally as people age.

Other Types of Heart Diseasep.515

Congenital- “born with”

Murmur- a heart sound that reflects damaged or abnormal heart valves.

Pacemaker- a device that is implanted in the heart to stimulate normal heart contractions.

Rheumatic Fever- occurs chiefly in children and teens and includes inflammation of the heart valves.

Blood Pressurep.519

Hypertension- high blood pressure, “silent Killer”. Hereditary

120 systolic- contraction ( good BP)121 diastolic- relaxation140/90 ( High BP)Prehypertension- Stage I-Stage II- Sphygmomanometer- used to measure BP

High Cholesterol• Below 200 milligrams per deciliter is

desirable (total)

Two types

1. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)

2. Low Density Lipoproteins

(LDL)

LDL• Bad

• Builds up on artery walls (atherosclerosis)

• LDL levels should be below 130 mg/dl

• Raises by consuming Sat. Fat

HDL• Good

• Takes fat out of blood

• HDL levels should be above 45 mg/dl

• Raises w/exercise and fruits, veg & whole grains

Stroke(Brain Attack)P. 516

- a condition caused by a blocked or broken blood vessel in the brain, basically shutting off all blood flow to the brain.

Causes: Thrombus, Embolus, Hemorrhage, Aneurysm, compression from a tumor.

Symptoms of a Stroke

• Sudden weakness, numbness, tingling• Loss of speech• Dizziness, unsteadiness• Dimness, loss of vision• Paralysis• Disability or death

In a major stroke, part of the brain will die causing mental & physical damage & loss of functioning.

Diagnosis & TreatmentP. 520

Electro-Cardiogram-

Cardiac Catheterization-

Stress Test-

Echocardiogram-

Nuclear Stress Test-

Angioplasty-

Stent-

CancerP. 531

-An uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells which spreads into surrounding tissue and other body parts.

Tumor P.531

Tumor- an abnormal mass of tissue that can live and reproduce itself, but performs no service to the body.

Benign- non-cancerous, as does not spread to other parts of the body.Malignant- is a cancerous tumor, that may spread to other parts of the body.

Stages P.531

Metastasis- is the spread of cancer.

“In Situ”- cancer not spreading, in its original location.

How Cancer Develops

1. Exposure to Carcinogen or initiator2. Initiator enters cell3. Cells’ genetic material changes4. Promoter may be present5. Multiplication of cells6. Tumors develop7. Malignant tumor grows & spreads to

surrounding tissue8. Metastasis occurs

Warning signs of Cancerp.534

C

A

U

T

I

O

N

Common CancersP.532 & 533 (Table 49.1)

Male- lung, prostate, colon-rectum

Female- lung, breast, colon-rectum, uterus

Initiators (Causes):

1.Heredity(lung,colon,rectal,breast,uterine)

2.Carcinogens

3.Radiation

4.Viruses

5.Lack of Exercise or Poor Diet

Reducing Your Risk of CancerP.534 & 535

Treatment ApproachesP. 536

• Surgery

• Radiation Therapy

• Chemotherapy

• Immunotherapy