light in the oceans powerpoint
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Light in the Oceans
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• most life depends upon sun for light energy• for photosynthesis• autotrophs = producers - capture light energy
to make food (glucose)
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pigments - capture light for plantsex: chlorophylls, xanthophylls,carotenes, phycobilins
• different plants have different pigments
red seaweed
green seaweed
brown seaweed
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1. reflected - back to atmosphere• more waves, more reflected• unusable by plants
sun that reaches ocean surface:
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2. absorbed - taken up by water, converted to heat• 65% absorbed in first 1 m depth• < 1% of light penetrates to 100 m (330 ft.) – in clear water• therefore autotrophs must be near surface
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white light is made of all colorsof the visible spectrum
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we see an object as a color because those color wavelengths reflect off of the object and into our eyes
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• some wavelengths absorbed at shallower depths than others• in open ocean - blue penetrates deepest• different plants at different depths have different pigments to use differentwavelengths
selective absorption
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red seaweed
green seaweed
brown seaweed
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photo of red t-shirt at 50 feet depth
because of selective absorption - red objects do not appear red at depth – there are no red wavelengths to reflect
no flash flash
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compensation depth
• depth at which rate of photosynthesis = rate of respiration
• phytoplankton above compensation depth make enough food
• phytoplankton below compensation depth starve
• waves often carry phytoplankton below compensation depth
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Turbidity
• cloudiness of the water• opposite of water clarity
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Turbidity
• measured using secchi disk• 1 m in estuary to 100 m in open ocean
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Turbidity
• coastal waters – higher turbidity (= lower secchi disk depth)• increased suspended solids:
soil organic mattersewage plankton
dissolved substances• compensation depth is shallower• blue wavelengths do not penetrate as deep• water appears green and brown• get different phytoplankton species in coastal, estuarine, and oceanic waters
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turbidity in tropicalwaters
turbidity in temperatewaters
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