lighting 101 - california lighting technology center

LIGHTING 101

1. Common terminology

2. Sources & luminaires

3. Controls

SECTION 3

DISCUSSION: COMMON LIGHTING TERMINOLOGY

1. What are the definitions of the following lighting terms?

2. Do you use these terms in professional practice?

3. What other lighting terminology do you use on the job?

SLIDE 25 10/7/2013 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

LUMINOUS FLUX • EFFICACY • FLUX • ILLUMINANCE • CCT

FOOTCANDLE • EFFICIENCY • LUMINOUS INTENSITY • CRI

SECTION 3

CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY

SLIDE 26

Luminous flux: rate of flow of visible light

emitted from a light source over time,

measured in lumens (lm).

Lux: equal to one lumen per square meter.

Footcandle: equal to one lumen per

square foot (1 footcandle = 10 lux).

Illuminance: the amount of luminous

flux that covers a surface (measured in

lux or footcandles).

Luminous flux is analogous to the flow rate

of water, represented by gallons per hour.

10/7/2013 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

SECTION 3



SECTION 3


Luminous Intensity: the concentration of light emitted

from a given source in a particular direction, measured

in candela (cd) (1 cd = 1 lm per steradian).

SLIDE 28

*Note: color represents intensity not CCT or CRI


SECTION 3

EFFICIENCY AND EFFICACY

SLIDE 29

Efficiency: the ratio between the useful output

of energy and the input of energy.

Luminous Efficacy compares the amount of light

produced by a lamp (lumens), to amount of power

consumed to produce it (watts).

Outp

ut

Input

Lig

ht

Pro

duce

d (

lm)

Power consumed (W)

A high-efficacy luminaire

provides a large amount

of light using little power.


SECTION 3

EFFICIENCY AND EFFICACY

Efficiency is usually dimensionless—

we compare the lumens exiting a fixture to

the lumens produced by the light source.

Efficacy is normally used where input and

output units differ. We compare the lumens

produced by an amount of wattage.

Which is more efficient?

Efficiency = miles/gallon (energy out, energy in)

Which has a higher efficacy?

Efficacy = fun/gallon


SECTION 3

CCT

Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)

A specification of the color appearance

of light emitted by a lamp, relating its

color to the color of light from a source

when heated to a particular temperature.

SLIDE 31

CCT rating for a lamp is a

general warmth or coolness

measure of its appearance.


SECTION 3

CCT EXAMPLES

SLIDE 32

CO

OL

W

AR

M


Photo: Soraa

Photo: Cree

Photo: Acuity Brands

Photo: Soraa Photo: Cree

SECTION 3

DYNAMIC SPD LUMINAIRES

12000K, 65fc average 6000K, 100fc average 3500K, 50fc average 2900K, 50fc average


SECTION 3

CRI

Color Rendering Index (CRI)

Measures the ability of a light source to

reproduce the colors of various objects

compared with an ideal light source.


Photo: Soraa

95 CRI 80 CRI

SECTION 3

CRI

Color Rendering Index (CRI)

• Color rendering is defined as “Effect of an illuminant on the color

appearance of objects by conscious or subconscious comparison

with their color appearance under a reference illuminant” (CIE 17.4–1987)

• It is the only color rendering metric with wide spread acceptance

• It is calculated by comparing the color appearance of the test source

to a reference source for 8 reflective samples (Score from 1–100)

SLIDE 35

CRI = 62 CRI = 93 CRI = 80 CRI = 92


SECTION 3

LIGHTING FACTS LABEL


SECTION 3

CA QUALITY STANDARD

The California Energy Commission adopted

a voluntary lighting quality specification for

LED replacement lamps. The new standard

requires LED lamps to meet certain performance

criteria in order to qualify for incentive programs

and rebates.

These criteria include:

• CRI > 90

• 4-step MacAdam Ellipse

• CCT 2700K or 3000K

• Dimming

• Flicker reduction

• R9 > 50

• 5 year warranty

The specification was developed in collaboration

with the CPUC. The CPUC will direct the IOUs

to ensure their 2014 energy efficiency portfolios

only provide rebates for screw-based LED

products that meet the quality specification.

10/7/2013 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW SLIDE 37

Energy Star CA Standard

Applies To CFLs + LEDs LEDs Only

Test Criteria See documentation Same as Energy Star

Luminous Efficacy

Omnidirectional <10: 55 lm/W None

Omnidirectional >10: 60 lm/W None

Directional <10: 40 lm/W None

Directional >10: 45 lm/W None

Decorative <10: 45 lm/W None

Decorative >10: 50 lm/W None

Lumen Maintenance 80% of output at 40% of life None

>25,000 hour rated life >91.5% of output None

Elevated Temperatures >90% of lumens None

Center Beam Intensity See documentation Same as Energy Star

CCT 7-step M.E. of: 2700K, 3000K, 3500K,

4000K, 4100K, 5000K 4-step M.E. of: 2700K or 3000K

Color Consistency None None

CRI >80 >90

R9 >0 >50

Color Maintenance 0.007 on CIE 1976; 0–6,000hrs Same as Energy Star

Rapid Cycle Testing 5 on/5 off, 15,000 cycles None

Transient Protection 7 strikes of 100 kHz ring wave None

Lamp Toxics See documentation None

Thermal Requirements Operate at < 0 deg. F None

Color Uniformity See documentation Same as Energy Star

Dimmability 10-100% continuous Same as Energy Star

Flicker Flicker index <0.15 at 100Hz None

Noise <24 dbA None

Rated Life

Residential >25,000 hrs Same as Energy Star

Commercial >35,000 hrs Same as Energy Star

Decorative >15,000 hrs Same as Energy Star

Power Factor All >0.7 All > 0.9

Lamp Labeling Manufacturer, model number, CCT, wattage, lumen output

Same as Energy Star

Lamp Packaging See documentation Same as Energy Star

Warranty 1 year 5 years

SECTION 3

DISCUSSION: CCT & CRI

SLIDE 38

Balancing quality and efficacy

1. What are your preferred CCTs?

• Home

• Work

• Dining out

• Shopping


Photo: Eaton’s Cooper Lighting Business Photo Credit: Cree

SECTION 3

DISCUSSION: CCT & CRI

SLIDE 39

1. What could be the impacts of CRI or CCT

in an office lighting design?

2. What could be the impacts of CRI or CCT

in a retail lighting design?

3. What factors are there to consider for

these applications to balance energy use

and occupant needs?


Photo: Friendly Light

BREAK

5 minute beverage refill and stretch

SECTION 3

TWO MAIN STRATEGIES FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING

Efficacious luminaires

Lighting fixtures that are designed and built

to operate only energy-efficient light

sources, such as fluorescent T8 lamps,

compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), LEDs

and high intensity discharge (HID) lamps.

Controls

Occupancy sensors, vacancy sensors,

motion sensors, and daylight sensors

are all devices that automatically turn

lights off (or dim them) in response to

conditions that they “sense” or “see.”


SECTION 3

SOURCES & LUMINIARES

SLIDE 42

Efficacious luminaires

Lighting fixtures that are designed and

built to operate only energy-efficient light

sources, such as fluorescent T8 lamps,

compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), LEDs

and high intensity discharge (HID) lamps.


Photo: Cree

SECTION 3

LED Chip:

Determines raw brightness and efficacy

Phosphor system:

Determines color point and color point stability

Package / Lens:

• Protects the chip and phosphor

• Helps with light and heat extraction

• Primary in determining LED lifetime

SLIDE 43

Phosphor LED Chip

Lens


SECTION 3

LEDS ARE A DIRECTIONAL SOURCE

LED Light is directional and the thermal path is

accomplished by conduction (No IR, no UV in the light beam)

Reflecto

r


SECTION 3

SOLID STATE LIGHTING: ANATOMY OF A LUMINAIRE

LED array

Optical components

Driver

Heat sink


Photo: Cree

SECTION 3

LED LUMINAIRES

SLIDE 46

Photo Credit: Philips

Photo: Philips


SECTION 3

CONTROLS

Individual controls

Individual controls that are connected

only to the luminaires they control can

satisfy T-24 requirements.

Luminaire integrated controls

Fluorescent and LED-based luminaires

can be controlled with on-board sensors

that are either integrated into a larger

system or function alone.

Networked Lighting

The lighting industry has seen a

significant increase in systems on the

market to control groups of luminaires.


SECTION 3

INDIVIDUAL CONTROLS


SECTION 3

INDIVIDUAL CONTROLS


Photo: Lutron

SECTION 3

INDIVIDUAL CONTROLS

TECHNOLOGY SEC. 3


SECTION 3

LUMINAIRES WITH INTEGRATED CONTROLS


SECTION 3

LUMINAIRE WITH INTEGRATED CONTROLS


SECTION 3

EXTERIOR LUMINAIRES


SECTION 3

SYSTEMS


SECTION 3

SYSTEMS

TECHNOLOGY SEC. 3



TECHNOLOGY SEC. 3

SECTION 3

SYSTEMS

UC Davis, April 24, 2012:

Preliminary data gathered from the pathway leading to the University’s Aggie

Stadium reports an average energy savings of 60% as compared to a static

installation of the same fixture.


SECTION 3



Photo Credit: Walmart Photo: Wlamart

lighting 101 - california lighting technology center

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