LIGHTING BASED ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES -

LESSONS LEARNED

Christopher Richard, PhD, P.E., CxASmart Building Systems, Inc.

April 17, 2013

Outline

• Project Overview• Proposed Solutions• Accepted Solutions• Issues Encountered /Lessons Learned• Conclusion

2

Project Overview• ARRA-funded lighting

replacement and controls upgrade for GSA

• Project dates: January 2010 through August 2012

• Building size: Eight federal courthouses & office buildings in Alabama and Georgia, ~2.5 million ft2 combined.

• Four designs taken to implementation

3

Diverse Building Characteristics

• Ages– historical(1932) to modern (2002)

• Sizes– 100,000 SF to over 1million SF– 5 floors to 25 floors

• Uses– call centers, courtrooms, private offices, large

open offices, prisoner holding areas, etc.

4

Proposed Solutions

• Luminaire Replacements• Spectrally Enhanced Lighting• Relamping• Delamping• Controls– Local – Global– Daylight Harvesting

5

Luminaire Replacement

• Primary ECM: 3 lamp 32WT8 replaced with 2 lamp 28WT5 – Improved energy

performance

• Parabolic luminaires replaced with volumetric luminaires– improved light distribution

with no “cave effect”

6

Spectrally Enhanced Lighting• Take advantage of

human perception of brightness

• Use lamps with higher Color Temperature /CRI Lamps (e.g. 5000K 82 CRI vs more common 3500K 75CRI) more like natural daylight

• Use lower light intensity (Fc)

• Increased visual acuity

7

Spectrally Enhanced Lighting

• Lower light levels (fc) result in equal visual acuity and perceived brightness

• http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/news/news_detail.html?news_id=10382

8

Relamping and Delamping

• Relamping– Replace older technology lamps (e.g.

incandescent) with newer, more efficient lamp types (e.g. CFL or LED), cost permitting

• Delamping– Remove lamps in over lit areas to comply with

recent energy guidelines (AHRAE 90.1)– Replace 3 lamp luminaires with 2 lamp luminaires

9

Improved Controls

• Local – Occupancy and Vacancy Sensors• Global – Building wide lighting controllers

(multiple OFF sweeps per day based on time)• Daylight Harvesting – Dimming or extinguishing lightings during times

of abundant natural light

10

Accepted Solutions

• Luminaire Replacements Retrofits• Spectrally Enhanced Lighting• Relamping• Delamping• Controls– Local – Global Rezoning– Daylight Harvesting

11

• Less costly than full luminaire replacements• Structural parts of the original luminaire remain• Kits still allow for

conversion from parabolic to volumetric

• Kits still allow for3 lamp to 2 lampconversion

Retrofit Kits

12

Rejection of SEL

• GSA disapproved SEL due to unproven nature of the approach

• GSA did approve conversion to consistent higher color temperature lamps (4100K vs 5000K for SEL and the original 3500K for most existing lamps)

13

Local Controls

14

DT Ceiling Mounted Sensor

PIRSwitchSensor

Rezoning

Goal is to reduce the number of lights energized for a single person or small group working in an area of the building outside of normal business hours.

With flour globally controllable zones per floor, only a quarter of a floor

15

Zone Layout

Existing wiring and cost restriction limited the project to two zones (vs proposed four) per floor. 16

ISSUES ENCOUNTERED ANDLESSONS LEARNED

17

Retrofit kits

• Kit Installation was an issues. Not all 2x4 recessed luminaires are created equal

• Historic building contained a large variety of luminaire styles and sizes• Some sites had “metric” 2x4 (600mm x 1200mm)• Had to resocket and reballast in some locations as kits would simply

not fit.

18

Occupancy and Vacancy Sensors• Sensor density (Cost vs. Coverage)• Ceiling height (wall mounted vs ceiling mounted)• High walled cubicles• “Added” walls during remodel• Doors, furniture and other obstructions• White noise generator• Sensor settings

– Occupancy mode (auto on) or vacancy mode (manual )– Dual Tech trigger setting (e.g. both to trigger on, either to hold on)– Time delay settings– Sensitivity

19

General

• Wiring– Renovations make existing circuits poor zone

choices for control zones (local or global)– Wiring not up to code– No neutrals a switch location (can’t use most

dual technology sensors)

20

CONCLUSIONS

21