LIGHTING DESIGN OF COMMERCIAL AND

RESIDENTIAL SPECES

Student:-Mohd. Nadeem

MSc Interior DesignerCommercial Space Designer

Dezyne E’cole College

www.dezyneecol.com

WHAT IS LIGHT

Light is a form of energy manifesting itself as electromagneticradiation and is closely related to other form ofelectromagnetic radiation such as Gamma rays, X-rays, UVrays, IR rays, Microwave rays and Radio rays.

COLOUR TEMPERETURE OUTDOOR/INDOOR

• Colour temperature is a characteristic visible light. In practice, Colour temperature is only meaningful of light sources that do in fact correspond some what closely to the radiation of some black body.

• The Colour temperature of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from an ideal black body is defined as its surface temperature in KELVINS.

• Colour temperature over 5000K are called cool Colour (bluefish white), while lower Colour temperature (2700-3000K) are called warm Colour (yellowish white through red).

COLOUR TEMPERETURE OUTDOOR/INDOOR

Colour temperature:

• Defined as the tone of light or how the light looks in terms of whiteness.

• Higher the Colour temperature = whiter/cooler the light source.

• Unit measurement = Kelvin (K).

• Sometime called Colour rendering index, is a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce the Colour of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.

• Colour rendering: Effect of an illuminant on the Colour appearance of objects by conscious or subconscious comparison with their Colour appearance under a reference illuminant.

• Finishes should be evaluated under the type of lamp (lamp and/ or daylight) which will actually be used in the interiors.

• Colour rendering depends on the lamp Colour spectrum, reflective property of surface and context and condition in room.

• Judgment of apparent surface Colour depends also on the expectations of an individual with normal Colour vision.

COLOUR RENDERING INDEX(CRI)

COLOUR TEMPERETURE

LIGHTING FIXTURES

• Lighting fixtures is integral of building electrical system, transforming energy into usable illumination.

• Light fixture requires: electrical connection (power supply), lamp holder, lamp (design to defuse, reflect focus light).

• Form of lighting fixtures, lighting sources, light illumination: Point source, linear sources, planar sources, volumetric sources.

LIGHTING LUMINAIRE

• An assembly used to house one or more lighting sources. Also called lighting fixture.

1. Luminaries

2. Lighting lamp

3. Lighting socket

4. Light switch

CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES

• Recessed

• Ceiling Mounted

• Track Mounted

• Wall mounted

• Suspended

• Architectural

• Portable

• Pole Mounted

• Bollard

• Outdoor

• Up lighters

• Down lighters

• Wall washers

• Ceiling washers

• Floor washers

CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES

CATEGORIES OF LUMINAIRES

• Direct: 90 - 100% downward

• Semi direct: 60 - 90% downward

• General diffuse: 40 -60% both downward and upward

• Direct - indirect: little light is emitted in the horizontal plane

• Semi - direct: providing 90 – 100% of its luminous output upward.

POINT LIGHT SOURCE

LINEAR LIGHT SOURCE

PLANAR LIGHT SOURCE

VOLUMETRIC LIGHT SOURCE

TYPES OF LIGHTING

• General Lighting

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Accent Lighting

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Decorative Lighting

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Task Lighting

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Kinetic Lighting

Wall washers

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Ceiling washers

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Floor washers

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Spot light

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Uplighters

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Downlighter

TYPES OF LIGHTING

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT SOURCES

• Incandescent Lamps

• Fluorescent Lamps

• High – Intensity Discharge Lamps

• Mercury Lamp

• Metal Halide Lamps

• High pressure Sodium Lamps

• Low pressure Sodium Lamps

• Electrode less Lamps

• Compact arc xenon & Mercury lamps

• Electroluminescent Lamps

• Light emitting Diodes (LED)

• Carbon arc Lamps

• Gaslights

INCANDESCENT LAMP

What ?

Hotwire – Filament sealed in a glass jar (BULB)

How ?

Electric current pass through the wire heats it to incandescence, and the wire emits light. Use standard voltage circuit.

Inside the glass is a gas such as argon and or nitrogen. At the center of the lamp is a tungsten filament. Electricity heats this filament up to about 2500 degrees Celsius. Just like any hot metal, the tungsten gets “white hot” at that heat and emits a great deal of visible light in a process called.

INCANDESCENT LAMP

1. Glass Bulb2. Vacuum or gas filled3. Wire / Filament4. 5. Lead - in wires6. Support wire 7. Neck8. 11. Electric Fuse 9. Base

INCANDESCENT LAMP

ADVANTAGES:

1. Less expensive

2. Easier to dim with rheostats

3. Warmer color than fluorescent and tungsten halogen lamps.

4. Light output is relatively high

5. Excellent color rendering.

6. Can be dimmed

DISADVANTAGES:

1. Energy inefficient

2. Short lamp life time

3. Warm source

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Shape of lamp:

Around 100 combinations of glass and quartz bulb shapes and sizes.

SYMBOLS:

1st part = One or more letters indicates the shape of bulb

2nd Part = number indicated diameter of the bulb in eights of an inch.

EXAMPLE: A19 = arbitrary shaped, 19/8 inch diameter

EXAMPLES:

• General lighting service (GLS)

• Parabolic Aluminum reflector (PAR)

• Metal reflector (MR)

INCANDESCENT LAMP

BASE IDENTIFICATION:

1. SMALL BASE; BAYONET, BIPIN, CANDELABRA, INTERMEDIATE, MINIATURE,MINI-CANDELABRA, TWIST-AND-LOCK, PIN

2. MEDIUM BASE

3. LARGE BASE; MOGUL SCREW, MOGUL BIPOST

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Shape of lamp:

Around 100 combinations of glass and quartz bulb shapes and sizes.

SYMBOLS:

1st part = One or more letters indicates the shape of bulb

2nd Part = number indicated diameter of the bulb in eights of an inch.

EXAMPLE: A19 = arbitrary shaped, 19/8 inch diameter

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

LAMP LIFE TIME:

1. STANDARD-LIFE LAMP: high temperature for the filament to operates, emits more light, shorter life time – “burns out”.

2. LONG-LIFE LAMP: given wattage produces less light, designed for long life.

LAMP EFFICIENCY = LIGHT PRODUCED (LUMENS, lm)/ELECTRICITY CONSUMED (WATTS W)

3. LIGHT OUTPUT: Insert gas (Argon, Nitrogen, Krypton) slows bulb blackening caused by condensation on the bulb wall

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Bulbs are sold by WATTS – Measure of power consumed

LUMENS tells much light lamp emits

HOURS OF OPERATION is produced life-time(750-1000H, up to 2500H for extended service lamps)

ENERGY SAVING LAMPS – Reduced wattage, reduced light output

INCANDESCENT LAMP

LAMP TYPES:

1. NON DIRECTIONAL (emits light in all directions – A, C, G, P, PS, S and T shapes, requires additional external elements for brightness, glare and distribution control)

2. SEMI DIRECTIONAL (silver bowl or white bowl lamps, coating on inner side of bulb, reduce filament glare)

3. DIRECTIONAL (complete optical systems: source, reflector, lens or filament shield, R, AR, MR, PAR built-in beam control)

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Semi Directional

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Left: Reflector lamp with soft glass bulb and ellipsoid reflector with moderate focusing power.

Right: PAR reflector lamp with pressed glass bulb and powerful parabolic reflector.

Directional

INCANDESCENT LAMP

What ? Selected gas of the halogen family

How ?Halogen gas combines with tungsten molecules that sputter of the filament deposits tungsten back on the filament and emits constant level of light

TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN

A halogen bulb has a filament of tungsten, which glows when electricity is applied, same as a regular incandescent bulb. The halogen gas removes the carbon deposits on the side inside of the bulb, caused by the burning of the tungsten filament, and redeposits it back on to the filament, resulting in a bulb which can be burned at a higher

TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN

TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN

High operating temperature (500C), high Colour temperature

Quartz instead of glass

Equipped with outer bulb, glass cover, mesh screen

TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN

Advantages1. High Colour temperature make them “whiter” than standard

incandescent lamps2. Longer life time3. Great efficiency4. Compact in shape and size

They come in many shapes and sizes, some directional others note, some quite small other the size of regular bulb, some fit into normal sockets other require special sockets and voltage to work.

TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN

There are many different type of (single ended) TH lamp, the most common ones are the G9 capsule lamp, GU10 spot lamp and linear halogen lamps which are all domestic mains voltage, and g4 capsule lamp, (integral reflector) MR16, MR11 spot lamps which are low voltage lamps.

LOW – VOLTAGE LAMPS

• Low- voltage lamps – incandescent and tungsten halogen lamps that operate between 6V and 75V.

• Standard building current of 115V-125V must be stepped down by the use of transformer.

• Low-voltage luminaries with integrated transformers are larger in size and bulkier.

• Practical system is line-voltage equipment.

LOW – VOLTAGE LAMPS

COLOUR LIGHT BULBS

COLOURED FILTERS

GELATIN FILTERS (“GELS”)

Thin transparent colored plastic sheet in vide variety of Colour, as well as multicolored and diffused sheets. Short servise life – Colour fades rapidly.

INTERFERENCE FILTERS

One or more layers of ultrathin film coating on clear glass that reflects rather then absorb unwanted wavelength. They transmit one Colour, and reflect the complementary Colour.

What ? Gas, phosphor, cathode, discharge

How ?Light is produced by passage of an electric current through a vapor of gas, rather than through a tungsten wire as in incandescent lamp.

DISCHARGE LAMPS

FLOROSCENT LAMP

FLOURESCENT LAMP

The Classic fluorescent lamp design, which has fallen mostly by the wayside, used a special starter switch mechanism to light up the tube.

The conventional starter switch is a small discharge bulb, containing neon or some other gas. The bulb has two electrodes positioned right next to each other. When electricity is initially passed through the bypass circuit, an electrical arc jumps between these electrode to make a connection. This arc lights the bulb in the same way a larger arc lights a fluorescent bulb.

FLOURESCENT LAMP

FLOURESCENT LAMP

Advantages :

Heat is relatively low

Energy efficient

Range from low grade to high grade

Long lamp life

Usually Cool source

Control gears

Disadvantages :

Colour temperature

Require ballast : preheat, instant-start,rapid-start

Requires controlling elements for glarecontrol

FLOURESCENT LAMP

Types :1. Cold Cathode2. Hot Cathode

Shape :

1. U-Bent Shape2. Circuline Shape3. Compact Fluo-Lamp

SHAPES

BALLAST/DRIVER

Integrated

Ballast

(CFL)

Magnetic

Ballast

(Traditional)

Electronic

Ballast

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

Type of electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by means

of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a

translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube.

This tube is filled with both gas and metal salts. The gas facilitates

the arc’s initial strike. Once the arc is started, it heats and evaporates

the metal salts forming a plasma, which greatly increases the

intensity of light produced by the arc and reduces its power

consumption. High-intensity discharge lamps are a type of arc lamp.

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

When energy efficiency and/or light

intensity are desired.

These areas include gymnasiums,

large public areas, warehouses, movie

theatres, football stadiums, outdoor

activity areas, roadways, parking lots,

and pathways.

Ultra-High Performance (UHP)HID

lamps are used in LCD or DLP

projection TV sets or projection

displays as well.

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

LED LIGHT

Red and Infrared LEDs are made with gallium arsenide

Bright Blue is made with GN -gallium nitride

White LEDs are made with yttrium aluminium garnet

There are also orange, green, blue, violet, purple, ultraviolet LEDs.

LED LIGHT

BENEFITS OF LED

LED lights are usually around 3mm - 8mm long.

The small size and profile of the LED lights

allow them to be used where other light bulbs

may not fit.

1. Size of LED

BENEFITS OF LED

Where other lights give off

more energy by shinning in

different areas, LED lights

only shine in a specific

direction becoming more

efficient.

2. Efficiency

BENEFITS OF LED

35,000 to 50,000 hours, compared to 750 to

2,000 hours for an incandescent bulb, 8,000 to

10,000 hours for a compact fluorescent and

20,000 to 30,000 hours for a linear florescent

bulb.

3. Life

BENEFITS OF LED

LEDs remain cool. In

addition, since they

contain no glass

components, they are

not vulnerable to

vibration or breakage

like conventional bulbs.

LEDs are thus better

suited for use in areas

like sports facilities and

high-crime locations.

4. Temperature

BENEFITS OF LED

LED LIGHTING

LED REFLECTORS

LAMPS

Halogen

MR16 GU 5-3

Incandescent

Stan. E27

Halogen

OR111 G53Halogen PAR

E27

PLC compact

fluorescent

lamp

CFL compact

fluorescent lamp

E27

Fluorescent

CFL spiral E27

Fluorescent

megamun

liliput E27

LAMPS

Fluorescent TL

T5

Fluorescent TL

T8

LED MR16

GU5-3

LED Tubular

Lamp

LAMPS

LED

LED StripLED Strip

LED Flexi

Light

LED Strips

(Plat)

LAMPS

LED Linesta

LED Tape

LAMPS

Fiber Optics

LAMPS

Cold Cathode

LAMPS

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